• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1992

A new potassium sensitive field effect transistor modified with 4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 was prepared and its response characteristics were evaluated. The response slope of $K^{+}-ISFET$ for pH was 30.0 mV/decade and the response time was mere than 3 minutes. And the response slope and time of the $K^{+}-ISFET$ for potassium ion as $19.5{\pm}0.2{\;}mV/decade$ and about 3 minutes, respectively. The linear response range of the sensor for potassium ion was $2.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-2}M$. The selectivity coefficients of the $K^{+}-ISFET$ for the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions were also evaluated. Sodium, ammonium and calcium ions exhibited relatively significant interference. The long term stability of the sensor was remarkably improved and it could be used for more than 50 days.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

Surface renewable nano-$RuO_2$/poly(methyl methacrylate) polymeric composite pH electrodes were prepared. The composite electrode with 53 wt% of nano-$RuO_2$ showed similar good response characteristics to nano-$IrO_2$ composite electrode reported earlier. It showed response slope of -58.7 mV/pH, response time of <1 s, surface renewability of $-57.0{\pm}0.3mV/pH$ (n=5) and long time stability for a month as well as low interferences but high interferences by electrochemically active species like $I^-$ and $Fe(CN){_6}^{3-}$. However, the response slope and time became worse at higher pH than 9 compared to those of nano-$IrO_2$ composite electrodes possibly due to the difference of physical properties resulting from higher content of nano-$RuO_2$ in polymeric composite matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2018

The formation of a complex between PVP or HPC and iodine was indicated by a red shift in the tri-iode band while PVA-iodine complex showed its characterized band around 500 nm in pure aqueous media. Addition of surfactant SDS resulted in a disapperance of the characteristic blue color of the PVA-iodine complex indicating that the complex is not formed in aqueous surfactant media. However in case of PVP or HPC, presence of the monomers of SDS favored the complex formation but in higher concentration, the micelles of SDS decreased the complex. Complexation was found to increase with increasing content of n-propanol in the system since n-propanol inhibits the formation of gels or microgels in the polymer solution. But in case of PVA-iodine complex, addition of n-propanol led to conversion of bigger polyiodides into smaller ones, which is indicative of increased intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction between propanol and PVA effecting a decrease in the PVA aggregate space.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.389-399
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• 2019

The calcium carbonate saturation state in the Ulleung Basin of East Sea was calculated using bottle data set of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained from the year 1999, 2014, 2017, and 2018 cruise. In the 2010s calcium carbonate saturation state was significantly lowered at all depth compared to the 1999 reference state. Accordingly calcite saturation horizon and aragonite saturation horizon shoaled to 500 m and 200 m, respectively. A key chemical species for the calcium carbonate saturation state, carbonate ion showed distinctive profile between upper and deep waters: it is moderately high (${\sim}175{\mu}mol\;kg^{-1}$) in upper waters and very low (< ${\sim}50{\mu}mol\;kg^{-1}$) in the deep waters. However the decreasing trend of carbonate ion concentration was pronounced in the upper water than deep waters, suggesting atmospheric $CO_2$ penetration is largely confined to the upper waters in the 2000s.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2009

In Gosung, the symptoms similar to itai-itai disease from neighboring residents of the Samsanjeil mine have been social issues. Therefore, various researches on the behavior of heavy metals of the tailings impoundment of 280,000 ton in the Samsanjeil mine are required. In this paper, mineralogical and geochemical studies on the tailings at different depths in the Samsanjeil mine were investigated and the factors on the behavior of heavy metals were also studied. At two sampling sites (NN and SN), samples were collected at different depths down to 1 m. At NN sites, pH values decreased with depth, while those at SN sites did not show significant changes. XRD analysis showed that the main minerals in the tailings were quartz, microcline, muscovite, and chlorite with minor amount of gypsum. There were no noticeable changes in the mineral composition with depth. At NN sites, the amount of calcite was negligible, and jarosite, which usually occurs at acid soil or acid mine drainage at pH lower than 4, was identified. However, the samples at SN site contained relatively high contents of calcite with pyrite. Therefore, calcite seemed to buffer the acid and control pH at SN site. The contents of heavy metals in tailings were in the order of Cu > As > Zn > Pb > Co > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal concentrations in the tailings were closely related with pH changes. The concentrations of Cd and Co were much lower at NN site at which pH values are low than those at SN sites. Contrary to that, Cr and As which exist as oxyanions showed higher concentrations at SN sites. This result showed that the behaviors of heavy metals in our study area were controlled by pH which is influenced by the contents of calcite.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 2001

The degree of saturation of calcium carbonate in the East Sea was calculated from the data obtained from'99 expedition using R/V Roger Revelle. The calcium concentrations in seawaters were estimated from salinity data, and the carbonate ion concentrations were calculated from total alkalinity and pH data. The results suggest that the crossover from the supersaturation to undersaturation for calcium carbonate occur at the depth of approximately 200-400 m for calcite, and 100-300 m for aragonite. Compared to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, these levels in the East Sea are shallow due to most likely lower temperature of sea water in this region.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 1986

The behavior of micro amount of Am in aqueous solution were investigated with centrifugation method as a function of pH. In the studies described here, equilibration times were extended to 2-3 weeks to know the aging effect in radiocolloid formation. Also, the effect of the addition of foreign materials, e. g. silica gel and Fe$^{3+}$ were examined as well as the effect of presence of concentrated electrolyte. In the results, Am appeared to be rapidly adsorbed on to impurity particles for pH < 6 and probably on the container walls by an ionic sorption process. The addition of foreign material increased the fraction of Am while the addition of concentrated electrolyte hindered the process. For pH > 7 Am behaved quite differently than for pH < 6. There appeared to be rapid sorption of some Am from solution probably on the container walls followed by partial desorption that occurred over a period of 1-2 days.s.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.246-250
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• 1997

In the presence of optimum amounts of hydroxylamine, trace ruthenium(III) can be conveniently determined in acidic (boric) media by coupling catalytic hydrogen processes with adsorptive accumulation of the catalyst, using differential pulse voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the redox and interfacial processes. Optimal experimental conditions were found to be a stirred borate (0.015 M, pH 2.5) solution containing 0.55 M hydroxylamine, a preconcentration potential of - 0.70 V, and a scan rate of 5 mV/s. With a 7 min accumulation period the detection limit was 3${\times}$10-10 M. The possible interferences by other platinum group metals are investigated.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 1994

Analytical characteristics of low power-low flow inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry(ICP-AES) has been studied. Although the net intensity of the low power ICP is lower than the moderate power ICP, the signal to background ratio becomes higher since the background intensity decreases with decreasing the RF power. The detection limit of the low power ICP is comparable with that of the moderate power ICP. The dynamic range of the calibration curve of the low power ICP is $10^4{\sim}10^5$. The ionization interferences by alkali metals increase with increasing the carrier gas flow rate, but the effects are not varied significantly with the RF power.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.830-833
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• 2004

UPS 시스템에서 정전시 안정적인 전력공급을 방해하는 요소의 대부분은 배터리의 불량이 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 UPS 시스템에 적용되는 배터리는 일정시간이 경과되면 전체를 교체하는 관리시스템을 가지며, 주기적인 방전시험을 실시하지만 교체기준에 대한 명확한 방안이 마련되어 있지 않다. 일부에서는 배터리의 내부저항 혹은 임피던스를 측정하여 배터리의 교체여부를 판단하는 기준으로 삼고 있지만 배터리의 비선형적 특성으로 인하여 그 오차범위는 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한 배터리는 부동충전시에는 정상적인 특성을 보이지만 방전시 불량 특성이 나타나는 경우가 많고, 리튬-이온 배터리의 경우 내부저항은 수십$[m\Omega]$의 비교적 큰 값을 가지지만 UPS에 적용되는 납축전지의 경우 수$[m\Omega]$ 정도의 아주 낮은 내부저항을 가져 측정오차에 의해 불량 여부를 명확히 판단하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 평상시에는 배터리의 개별셀 전압, 온도, 전체전압 및 보관함의 온도, 충방전 전류, SOC(State of Charge)를 현장 및 원격지의 모니터링 PC로 전송하여 사용자에게 보여주며, 정전으로 인한 방전시에는 내부저항과 개별셀의 용량을 계산하고 이를 통해 교체시기를 결정할 수 있도록 구성되어 있으며, 실험을 통해 타당성을 확인하였다.