• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2002

가. 작업단계 별 작업수단 및 노동투하시간 -고추재배는 포장준비 등 일부작업을 제외하고는 인력작업에 의존하고 있으며, 육묘에서 수확 및 수확후 포장처리가지의 총 노동투하시간은 266.7시간/10a로 수확작업이 44.5%로 많았으며, 다음으로 육묘, 지주세우기 및 제거, 정식, 방제 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 노력 및 생산비절감을 위해서는 고추재배 기계화가 시급한 것으로 판단된다. 나 일관기계화방안 -고추재배시 기계화를 저해하는 요인으로는 경지규모의 협소함, 재배지의 필지의 분산, 협소한 조간간격, 비닐멀칭 및 지주유인재배, 수확기간의 길이가 길고 횟수가 많음 등으로 나타났으며, 기계화가 곤란한 것으로 나타났으며, 고추재배일관기계화를 위하여는 공동 또는 공정육묘, 트랙터 등 대형기계중심의 포장준비, 정식은 자동정식기보급, 관수·시비자동화와 붐방제기 또는 방제장치시설화, 기계수확이 되어야할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.662-671
• /
• 2015

As the type of Hazardous and Noxious Substances(HNS) becomes various and the transport volume of HNS increases, HNS spill incidents occur frequently on land and the sea. In view of various damages to human lives and properties by HNS spills, it is necessary to educate and train professional personnel in preparation for and response to potential HNS spills. This study shows the current state of response systems and education courses against HNS spill incidents on land and the sea to compare those with each other between land and sea in Korea. Incident command system on land are basically similar to that at sea, but leading authority which is responsible for combating HNS spills at sea is changeable depending on the location of HNS spill, as it were, Korea Coast Guard(KCG) is responsible for urgent response to HNS spill at sea, while municipalities are responsible for the response to HNS drifted ashore. Education courses for HNS responders on land are established at National Fire Service Academy(NFSA), National Institute of Chemical Safety(NICS), etc., and are diverse. Education and training courses for HNS responder at sea are established at Korea Coast Guard Academy(KCGA) and Marine Environment Research & Training Institute(MERTI), and are comparatively simple. Education courses for dangerous cargo handlers who work in port where land is linked to the sea are established at Korea Maritime Dangerous Goods Inspection & Research Institute(KOMDI), Korea Port Training Institute(KPTI) and Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology(KIMFT). Through the comparison of education courses for HNS responders between land and sea, some recommendations such as extension of education targets, division of an existing integrated HNS course into two courses composed of operational level and manager level with respective refresh course, on-line cyber course and joint inter-educational institute course in cooperation with other relevant institutes are proposed for the improvement in education courses of KCG and KOEM(Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation) to educate and train professionals for combating HNS spills at sea in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2002

우리 식생활에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 배추는 최근 식생활패턴 변화에 따라 외식 소비와 여성의 사회활동 증가, 가공원료용 수요 및 김치수출 증가 등으로 신선배추수요가 연중 평준화되어 안정적이고 지속적인 공급을 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 배추재배 기계화는 경운정지, 비닐피복 및 방제작업을 제외하고는 대부분의 작업을 인력에 의존하고 있어 노동생산성 저하 및 생산비 증가의 원인이 되고 있다. 특히, 배추의 생산비 절감 및 안정적인 공급을 위해서는 전체 노동투하시간의 43%를 차지하고 있는 정식, 수확 및 제초작업 등 인력의존도가 높은 작업에 대한 기계화가 시급한 실정이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2002

노지고추는 2000년 재배면적이 75천㏊로 전체 채소재배면적의 19%를 차지하고 있으며, 주곡 다음으로 중요한 경제작물이다. 고추는 1970년 중반부터 재배면적이 계속적으로 증가하는 추세였으나 최근에는 외국산 고추의 수입여파로 재배면적이 감소하고 있는 실정이다. 2000년 고추재배 평균 노동투하시간은 10a당 195.7시간으로 이중 경운ㆍ정지, 휴립ㆍ피복, 방제작업 등을 제외한 대부분의 농작업은 인력에 의존하고 있어 노력을 절감하고 생산비를 줄일 수 있는 기계화가 절실하다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.142-150
• /
• 2023

As global warming continues, the time of invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda has been advanced and the inflow rate has been increasing, leading to great increases in damage to crops. In this study, in order to minimize crop damage caused by S. frugiperda, the control period was set for corn fields through control thresholds, and the control effects according to the chemical spraying methods were investigated in forage corn filed. Even under the condition of 4% injury level during the corn silking stage, the damage rate of ear was 70%, showing an aspect of extensive damage. The economic injury level of S. frugiperda second instar larvae was shown to be 0.7 larvae per stalk, and the control threshold level was shown to be 0.6 larvae. The income was calculated by applying the corn wholesale unit price, and according to the result, even under the condition of injury level of 4%, there was a loss of KRW 895,221/10a, and the higher the injury level, the greater the decrease in income. To control S. frugiperda, the insecticidal effects of 10 single formulations registered for S. frugiperda were tested, and according to the results, four types(emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, and spinetoram) showed high insecticidal activity not lower than 93.3%, and three types (chloran- traniliprole, spinetoram, and indoxacarb) were considered to be effective in controlling S. frugiperda as they showed high residual effects through insecticidal effect persistence tests. Therefore, conventional control and aerial control were conducted twice at 7-day intervals with indoxacarb SC and chlorantraniliprol WP, which show high activity against S. frugiperda, respectively, prior to the silking of forage corn. As a result, conventional control showed higher control values, 46.3%p in the case of indoxacarb SC and 21.7%p in the case of chlorantraniliprol WP, than aerial control through the primary control. In the secondary control too, higher control values of 26.7%p in the case of indoxacarb SC and 40.4%p in the case of chlorantraniliprol WP were found in conventional control than in aerial control. Therefore, it is considered necessary to prepare measures to improve the control effects in the recent situation where alternative methods for manpower control are widely used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2009

With an entry into force of OPRC-HNS on June 14th 2007, response system against any large scale accidents related to HNS is required to respond rapidly and effectively in a national scale, US national response system and national contingency plan for any chemicals in operation were analyzed to understand the characteristics of management system and response system for any HNS driven accidents in the Us. Main characteristics of the US system were well described as an unified information window and an integrated incident command system supported by response facilities, manpower and technical support from other response organizations through good cooperation. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors, however, the government will take over response activities in case large scale accidents occur in the Us. Expected expenses for response activities are covered by a type of Superfund in the Us. Several applicable ways are proposed to enable NGO to participate in and reorganize response system in ROK, and are feasible in collaboration with other response organizations and private sectors in the aspects of equipment, technology and manpower, Based upon the above activities, it is desirable to reorganize domestic rules and/or regulations related to response measures in ROK.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.3
• /
• pp.384-388
• /
• 2000

For the control of Corythucha ciliata, the insecticidal activity of five commercial pesticides (Monocrotophos 25%SL, Phosphamidon 50%SL, Imidacloprid 20%DC, Thiamethoxam 15%DC and Acetamiprid 20%SL) were examined with trunk injection method in Seoul, Sanbon and Chungju. The insecticidal activity of five commercial pesticides was >88%. The insecticidal activity of Monocrotophos maintained 31 days later after trunk injection when treated leaves were supplied to this pest. This result indicates that one application of trunk injection is enough to control this pest, and this method can save the control cost compared with ground application which should be applied two or three times per year to control this pest. To make the model of treatment dosage at each D.B.H class (cm), $1.0m{\ell}/DBH$, $1.5m{\ell}/DBH$ and $2.0m{\ell}/DBH$ pesticide dosage was used. At <20cm, the insecticidal activity of $1.0m{\ell}$ dosage was >95%, and $1.5-2.5m{\ell}$ dosage was needed for the effective control at 30~50cm. More than $2.5m{\ell}$ dosage was effective at >50cm. Spray method was used in laboratory to select pesticides for ground application. Three commercial pesticides (Ethofenprox 20%EC, Ethofenprox 10%WP and Cyfluthrin 1%EC) were used, and all pesticides showed >95% insecticidal activity.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

OPRC-HNS Protocol places the responsibility for having on-board a pollution incident emergency plan, notifying other States the incident facts in case of being affected by that incident, development of national contingency plan, international co-operation in pollution response, research and development, technical co-operation, promotion of bilateral and multilateral co-operation in preparedness and response, providing of information service, promotion of education and training, providing of technical services and technical assistance, etc. on parties to pursue their goals. After joining OPRC-HNS protocol, the government is required to inspect current status of matters related to HNS for its relevance on any laws. Additional items including establishment of component organization playing a role of managing response institution, manpower and resources, purchase response resource, development of response technique, and those also to enforce education and training to promote the party's duty. The facts described above drive up to analyze the benefits and burdens of relevant industry which appears in those procedure.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2007

For developing standard method for diease, pest and weed control in environmental friendly 'Ssam' vegetable cultivation, this study was carried out to investigating agriculture material use in organic agriculture and no pesticide cultivation for lettuce, kale, leafy perilla and korean cabbage. The 28.6% of investigated farmer carried out seed sterilization by seed selection with salt solution and soaking in chitosan that not validated. For raising seedling periods, the 55.6% of farmer did not use environmental-friendly agriculture material for, diease control and the 50% of farmer used one time for. pest control. Therefore, the control of disease and pest could be achieved with one or two times use of environmental-friendly agriculture material. Seed sterilization was carried out by soil solar sterilization, one time per year in 71.4% of farmer. Weed was controled by black PE film for weed germination of furrow in many farmer, by man-power weeding for weed of ridge in 85% of farmer and by machine weeding and mulching in some farmer. During cultivation period, the major pest were Aphis gossypii in lettuce, Plutella xylostella in kale, Plutella xylostella and Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) in korean cabbage and Pyrausta panopealis (Walke) in feat perilla. The many farmers used environ-mental-friendly agriculture material for control of pest over 10 times for spring season, and more used sold materials in market than home-made materials. In result, it needs to develop standardized method and validate cultivation methods for control of disease and pest, and seed sterilization treatment environmental-friendly 'Ssam' vegetable.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2021

To investigate the current pest management status in Korea, a survey was conducted from 151 students and graduates in the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries (KNCAF) by on-line. The questionnaire consists of two divisions, basic questions and pest control questions. The basic questions were including the respondent's age, academic status, cultivating crops and cultivating area. The pest control questions were including pest control methods, pesticide selection rationale, and pest forecasting methods. As a summary of basic questions, the respondents in their 20s accounted for 91.2%. Moreover, 34.5% of the respondents had over 3 hectares of cultivating area. The cultivating methods were differed by cultivating crops. As a summary of pest control questions, major control methods were using the conventional chemicals (>66%). To understand the pesticide selection rationale, farmers/respondents made their own decisions based on existing control techniques (30%) or depended on the decisions of pesticide vendors (29%). As for the pest forecasting method, it was mainly conducted by the Rural Development Administration affiliated organization (29%) and the National Crop Pest Management System (27%). Regarding the reliability of the pest diagnosis and pesticide prescription of pesticide vendors, 97% of the respondents marked above average. However, there was no choice on strong reliability. Interestingly, 79% of the respondents agreed to train experts for pest diagnosis and pesticide prescription with high necessity and, in particular, 47% of respondents were very strongly supported. These results suggest that the farmers might be need more qualified experts in pest diagnosis and pesticide prescriptions. Taken together, these survey results would provide important information to understand the current status of pest management by farmers' point of view and useful to set the direction of pest control.