• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 2007

The western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera:Tephritidae), is the most important pest of cultivated cherries in the Pacific Northwest area of the United States, being widely distributed throughout Oregon, Washington, Montana, Utah, Idaho, Colorado and parts of Nevada. The control of R. indifferens has been based on calendar sprays after its first emergence because of their zero tolerance for quarantine. Therefore, a good prediction model is needed for the spray timing. This study was conducted to obtain the empirical population dynamic information of R. indifferens after overwintering in the major cherry growing area of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, where the information is critically needed to develop and validate the prediction model of the fruit fly. Adult fly populations were monitored by using yellow sticky and emergence traps. Larvae growth and density in fruits were observed by fruit sampling and the pupal growth and density were monitored by pupal collection traps. The first adult was emerged around mid May and a large number of adults were caught in early June. A fruit had more than one larva from mid June to early July. A large number of pupae were caught in early July. The pupae were collected in various period of time to determine the effect of pupation timing and the soil moisture content during the winter. A series of population density data collected in each of the developmental stage were analyzed and organized to provide more reliable validation information for the population dynamic models.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1987

The number of regrown shoots per plant for 2 weeks after mowing sharply increased in response to late mowing until June 6, and then the increments were slow. The number of regrown shoots for July 30 were many with early mowing until May 14, and then the numbers were rapidly decreased. The plant height regrown for 2 weeks after mowing was increased until May 14, and then decreased. The plant height regrown for July 30 was not sensitive to mowing time and the development was linearly shown. The fresh weight regrown for July 30 was only increased by late mowing. The regrowth rate of shoots for 2 weeks after mowing was much higher than untreated control and the ratio was decreased with late mowing and the ratio to untreated for control for July 30 was decreased up to 50% by late mowing. The regrowth rate of plant height for 2 weeks after mowing was rapidly decreased, but slowly decreased for July 30 mowing. The regrowth rate of fresh weight was higher until May 22, and then rapidly decreased by late mowing. The decreasing tendency for 2 weeks after mowing was more prominent them for July 30. The annual regrowth rates in shoots and plant height were slowly decreased, but the decreasing rate in fresh weight was rapidly done until May 15, and then decrement became up to 30% by late mowing.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2018

This study was carried out to establish of environment-friendly control system and to survey the occurrence status of Ricania shanthungensis in Jeonnam province from 2016 to 2017. R. shanthungensis occurred at 1,344 ha in 61 towns of 15 cities in Gwangju and Jeonnam province. At four sites in the stationary area, the densities of eggmass and pupae were lower in 2017 than in 2016, the hatching rate decreased, and the first hatching time, emergence of adults, and the start of spawning tended to be slower. Telenomus sp., an egg parasitoid of R. shanthungensis, was found in most areas. Sunchon had the highest rate of 46.1%, followed by Muan 40.6, Goksung 29.2, Gurye 25.8, and Gwangju 17, respectively. The optimum spraying time for the control of R. shanthungensis was early March. The spraying material and the dilution multiples are 10 times of the machine oil at environmental friendly cultivation and 500 times of the chlorpriphosphate wp. at normal cultivation. When sprayed these materials, 95% of egg prohibited to hatch. There was more than 80% of the insecticidal effects on the organic materials of the machine oil emulsion, the Sophora root extrect + microbial extract agent, and the castor emulsion. For adults, Sophora root extrect + microbial extract, neem extract, and machine oil were better. Four kinds of chemical pesticides such as dinotefuran wp were effective for nymph and adult control. We have developed an adult catching device using the most preferred daylight color and behavioral habits of R. shanthungensis. The capture device consisted of two daylight compact lamps (30W and 20W), a yellow plate, and a catcher using water, and caught about 700 individuals a day. Based on the above results, we have established a system for controlling and life cycle of R. shanthungensis in Jeonnam province.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

This studies was carried out to investigate the natural enemies of citrus red mite, pononychus citri and seasonal occurrence of its major beneficial insects in Yuzu groves (Chonnam province) from 1996 to 1998. Natural enemies against citrus red mite were 9 species including Oligota kashmirica benifica, 0. yasumatsui, Stethorus punctillum, Chrysopa pallens, Propylea japonica, Orius sauteri, Scolothrips takahashii, Amblyseius womersleyi and one unidentified species of thrips (Family: Phlaeothripidae). Among them, Oligota kashmirica benzficu and Stethorus punctillum were found to be dominant species. 0 . kushmirica henifica had 4-5 generations from middle May to middle November with peak in early September. S. punctillum had 3 generations from late May to late October with peak of late June to middle July. Population dynamics between predator ( 0 . kushmiricu benifica and S. punctillum) and prey (Panonychus citri) were quite well synchronized until September but predator density was decreased abruptly after October.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

The experiment was conducted at Gyeongbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration in 1996 to obtain basic information on weed ecology and effective weed control in direct-seeded rice fields under different seeding types and seeding times. A large number of upland weeds such as Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Stetaria viridis etc occurred at early growth stage, while Eleocharis kuroguwai, Aneilema keisak and Cyperus serotinus dominated at late stage in dry seeded rice field. In wet seeded rice field, the dominance of E. crus-galli was lower and the occurrence of M. vaginalis and A. keisak were higher than in dry seeded field. Amount of weed occurrence in dry seeded field was 1.8 to 2.4 times greater than in wet seeded field and it increased with delaying seeding time. Increasing rate of weed occurrence through whole life cycle was the highest at 20 days after seeding (DAS) to 40 DAS, regardless of seeding types and seeding times. Simpson index in wet seeded field was higher than in dry seeded field and it gradually increased as growing of dominant species. For F-value test, it was recognized as statistical significant in seeding types, seeding times and interaction of two factors.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.159-164
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• 2007

Pea weevil was easily observed in the flower and pod of garden pea, but not observed in soybean at various locations in Yeongnam district through 2001 to 2003. Number of pea weevil observed in pea flower was the highest at Milyang (20), followed by Yangsan (15), Sacheon (14) and Changnyong (13), and was the lowest at Pohang (3). On the other hand, number of pea weevil observed in pea pod was the highest at Tongyeong (192), followed by Changnyong (171), Sacheon (157) and Changwon (138), and was the lowest at Pohang (12) which showed simila. tendency with the result of pea flower. Number of pea weevil occurrence observed in pea pod after one and two times applications of Insecticides in pea field were different at harvest day of 30th May while were not significantly different at harvest day of 5th June. Likewise, number of pea pod damage after one and two times applications of insecticides were different at harvest day of 10th May while was not different at harvest day of 5th June. Thus, control efficacies of insecticides according to application times against pea weevil showed very high with above 95% at harvest day of 6th June while showed variable control efficacies at harvest of 30th May.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1997

The experiment was conducted in 1996 to investigate distribution, germination characteristics, and effective control of Abutilon theophrasti in corn fields. The regional distribution of A. theophrasti showed that it was higher in Gyenggi province than in Kangwon, Chungnam, or Chonllanambug provinces because of many dairy farms located in Gyenggi province where fresh corn was used as ensilage. The optimal temperature of the weed seed germination was around 15~$20^{\circ}C$ and germination rate was 73~93% in 1~5cm of burial depth. The weed was able to be controlled effectively when treated 10 days after seeding more than just after seeding with herbicides, pendimethalin 31.7% EC, linuron 50% WP and pendimethalin linuron 25% EC with an acceptable phytotoxicity.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.347-352
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• 2016

Recently, IoT technology has been applied in various field. In particular, the technology focuses on analysing large amount of data that has been gathered from the environmental sensors, to provide valuable information. This technique has been actively researched in the agro-industrial sector. Many researches are underway in the monitoring and control for growth crop environment in agro-industrial. Normally, the average weather data is provided by the manual agro-control method but the value may differ due to the different region's weather and environment that may cause problem in the disease and insect-pest prevention. In order to develop a suitable integrated system for fruit tree, all the necessary information is obtained from the Jeollanam-do province, which has the high production rate in the Korea. In this paper, we propose an integrated support platform for the growing crops, to minimize the damage caused due to the weather disaster through image analysis, forecasting models, by using the micro-climate weather information collection and CCTV. The fruit tree damage caused by the weather disaster are controlled by utilizing various IoT technology by maintaining the growth environment, which helps in the disease and insect-pest prevention and also helps farmers to improve the expected production.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.424-427
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• 2015

Damping-off is a critical disease on ginseng seedling, which caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The disease has been prevented by tolclofos-methyl for the last 20 years. However, the tolclofos-methyl usually detected on the harvested roots of 6-year-old ginseng. Herein, we tried to select an alternative pesticide which not only must be safe but also efficiently inhibits the fungal pathogen. Four fungicides (fludioxonil, flutolanil, pencycuron, and thifluzamide) were applied to their inhibition efficacy against the pathogen. In in vitro test, fludioxonil treatment showed 80% inhibition activity for 25 days. Thifluzamide and flutolanil showed the activity for 10 days. Pencycuron showed for 1 days. In addition, the fludioxonil was more effective to control the pathogen comparing to other three fungicides in field. The incidence of damping-off was reduced to 71% by fludioxonil treatment. The level of the fungicide residue in seedling was 0.44 mg/kg, which value will be a negligible level in final products after 5 years. Consequently, the fludioxonil is a conceivable alternative for tolclofos-methyl to cope with R. solani.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1972

This experiment was conducted in order to determine the fungi associated with ear blight of rice and their chemical control. 1, Pyricularia oryzes, Helminthosporium oryzne, Epicoccum purpurascens, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium cladosporoides and Alternaria tenuis et al. were mainly detected in large quantities from the discolored seeds of recommended varieties but Trichoconis padwickii, Fusarium dimerum, and Nigrospora oryzae were mainly detected from Tongil. 2. Pyricularia oryzae, Nigrospora oryzae, and Curvularia lunate et at. were from the necks; Helminthosporium oryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, Stemphylium sp. , Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Alternaria tenuis et at. were from the branches of ear; and Phoma spp. was mainly detected from the kernels. 3. In the laboratory Difolatan WP $0.13\%$ gave good control of Helminthosporium oryzae, Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Alternaria tenuis, et al.; and Dithane M-45 WP $0.2\% gave especially good control of Pyricularia oryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, and Curvularia lunate. 4. In field experiments, the appropriate date of chemical spray was milk ripening stage or panicle emergence stage. Under these conditions Hinosan Ec and Kasugamin Ec were more effective than Difolatan WP and Dithane M-45 WP. However, the assessment of ear blight was complicated by a severe outbreak of neck blast.