• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of CIDR-S on estrus synchronization of dairy goats and the effect of artificial insemination on conception rate. Estrus synchronization of sexually matured Saanen goats was induced with insertion of CIDR-S into vagina for 15 days and injection of 500 IU PMSG before removal of CIDR-S. Artificial insemination was conducted using liquid or frozen semen by intra-cervical insemination with synchronized does. Estrus synchronization was 90% using CIDR-S insertion for 15 days. Conception rate of inseminated does was 20% - 25%, while that of natural mated does was 100%. These results suggested that synchronization of dairy goats can be successfully induced and artificial insemination method has to be improved for the practical use in dairy goats.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1309-1316
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• 2018

Cattle estrus detection system based on Internet of Things is designed and implemented by using Arduino pro-mini, gyroscope, acceleration sensor, bluetooth master and slave module. The implemented system measures cattle's moving and the measured data are transmitted to the computer connected to RX module by bluetooth TX module. They are plotted in 2-dimensional graph on the computer monitor and the number of transition at each sensor axis are calculated from the graph. The detected and gathered data from the system are analyzed by the proposed algorithm to decide which cows are in the estrus or not. The method to apply bluetooth scatternet is shown and the proposed system can be used to increase the success rate of artificial insemination in normal estrus by detecting the cow's behaviors such as the number of jumping. In this paper, the implemented cattle behavior detecting the system(TX module) are strapped on cattle's leg and it measures the cattle behaviors for determining where that a cattle is estrus or not by the proposed algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2001

Diagnosis and treatment of major reproductive failures were carried out for 836 dairy cows of 12 farms in Kimje area from May 1999 to May 2000. Reproductive failures were classified into four categories: uterine diseases, ovarian diseases, combination of uterine and ovarian diseases, and anestrus with corpus luteum (CL), based on the diagnosis by both rectal palpation and ultrasonography (SA 600, Medison, 5.OMHz transducer). 1. Of 102 cows examined, 15 cows were diagnosed as pregnant. Cows with real reproductive failures were therefore 87 cows and the rate of reproductive failures far all the cows of 12 farms was 10.4% (87/836). 2. Of 57 cows with reproductive failures, the cows with uterine diseases were 33 heads (37.9%), with ovarian diseases: 30 heads (34.5%), with combination form: 16 heads (18.4%), and with anestrus with CL: 8 heads (9.2%). 3. Of 87 cows with reproductive failures, 7 cows were slaughtered and 80 cows were treated by hormone or douche. The cows expressed estrus were 74 cows (92.5%, 74/80 heads) and 56 cows were pregnant (70.0%, 56/80 heads) following treatment. 4. The reproductive failures tended to be increased as the period proceeded from 30 days (2.3%, 2/87 heads) to over 120 days (56.3%, 49/87 heads) after parturition. 5. Associated other diseases to reproductive failures were foot diseases(5 cows), joint diseases (5 heads), urovagina (6 heads), and rectovaginal fistula (2 cows) and the rate of occurrence of associated diseases was 20.7% (18/87 heads). 6. No reproductive record was used in 7 farms of 12 farms and 5 farms had no play ground or not used for the cows. These results indicated that diagnosis fur reproductive failures by rectal palpation along with ultrasonography was more accurate than the conventional rectal palpation and brought better result of treatment for major types of reproductive failures. It was also indicated that non-uses of reproductive record and play ground were also important factors in occurrence of reproductive failures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.130-135
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• 1999

젖소 농가에서 생산성을 높이려면 젖소의 번식성능을 최상으로 유지해야 한다. 성공적인 번식관리는 효율적이고 정확한 발정 감지 기술에 크게 의존한다. 발정감지에 실패하게 되면 공태기간이 길어져 유량은 물론 송아지 생산이 감소된다. 발정감지 실패로 인한 공태기간이 한 주기일 경우, 국내 연간 손실이 85억원(2400원/두/일 $\times$ 562,000 두 $\times$ 30% $\times$ 21일)에 이를 것으로 추정된다(Senger, 1994). 공태기간이 지나치게 길어진 저 능력소는 대개의 경우 도태시켜야 하므로 이에 따른 추가손실이 발생되며, 인공수정 횟수 증가에 따른 손실과 수의사 비용 등의 추가 비용은 전체 손실의 10%에 해당된다 (Ruiz et al., 1992, Britt, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of various estrous behavior and ovulation time in dairy cows and heifers. In total, 73 ovulations and 61 estrous detection were observed in 89 Holstein cows. Various estrous behavior were observed during 72 hours from two days after $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection and their relation with the time of ovulation(ultrasound examinations at 4-h intervals) was investigated. In estrous periods, the rate of sniffing, chin resting, mounting and standing heat was 81%, 78%, 78% and 56%, respectively in cows. In heifers, the rate of sniffing, chin resting, mounting and standing heat was 61%, 68%, 82% and 76%, respectively. Ovulation in cows and heifers occurred $25.58{\pm}7.94\;and\;25.55{\pm}5.72h$ after onset of estrus, and $13.42{\pm}7.14\;and\;7.48{\pm}7.41h$ after end of estrus, respectively. Interval between onset of estrus and ovulation time was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for standing heat ($17.33{\pm}5.83\;h$) than for mounting, sniffing and chin resting ($23.58{\pm}5.12\;h,\;24.25{\pm}6.09\;h,\;23.42{\pm}6.04\;h$) in cows but not significantly different in heifers. Interval between end of standing heat and ovulation time was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for heifer($6.38{\pm}4.80$) than for cows($13.05{\pm}4.53$). Our results show that characteristics of estrous behavior and ovulation in dairy heifers are different to that of cows.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor cell types, the source of recipient oocytes and estrous synchronization on pregnancy and delivery rates of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in Korean native goats. Recipient oocytes were surgically collected after superovulation. Ear cells and fetal fibroblasts were collected and cultured in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199 + 0.5% FBS) for cell confluence. The zonae pellucidae of in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes were partially drilled using a laser system. Single somatic cell was transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused with 0.3 M mannitol. After the fusion, embryos were activated by Ionomycin+6-DMAP. NT embryos were cultured in mSOF medium supplemented with 0.8% BSA at $39^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$ for 12 to 20 hr. One hundred and two SCNT embryos were transferred into 20 recipients and pregnancy rate at days 30 was 20.0%. Of them, one developed to term and delivered 1 kid. Ear cells showed significantly higher fusion (63.8 vs. 26.5%) and pregnancy rates (20.0 vs. 0.0%) than those of fetal fibroblast (p<0.05). The recipients synchronized by CIDR showed significantly lower pregnancy rates compared to that of recipient in natural estrus ($0.0{\sim}25.0%$ vs. 100%) (p<0.05). Cloned kid was born from the recipient in natural estrus. For the synchronization of estrus between recipient and donor, there was no difference between treatments (${\pm}0$ vs. +12 hr) in pregnancy rate. The first healthy cloned kid (Jinsoonny) was produced by transfer of SCNT embryos derived from in vivo oocytes and ear cells into a recipient goat whose estrus was synchronized with the donor. These results imply that donor cells for nuclear transfer may affect the success rate, and the estrus synchronization between donor and recipient animals can also be important.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.6 no.5 s.55
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• pp.92-94
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• 1974

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in Oanscellular and Oansepithelial water movement. Uterine endometrium undergoes recurrent uterine stromal edema in response to hormonal stimuli, however, the mechanism regulating the fluid transport during the estrous cycle has not been fully understood. To investigate the possible role of AQPs in water movement in uterus during the estrous cycle, expression patterns of AQP -1, -3, -4, -5, -8, and -9 UMh in mouse uterus were analyzed by using semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-nR). We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection(LCM) and RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns in specific uterine cell types luminal epithelial cells(LE) and stromal cells(S). Our results showed that the level of AQP-4 mRNA was significantly increased while the level of AQP-3 mRNA was significantly decreased during the proestous through the estrus stage. In addition LCM revealed that AQP-4 and -8 mRNAs were highly expressed in LE compared with S. Taken together, these results suggest that AQPs may have an important function in physiological changes of mouse uterus during the estrous cycle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the ovarian cycle changes of the mare according to the season. Twenty four Jeju crossbred horses(Thoroughbred ${\times}$ Jeju horse) raised in Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA were used to identify follicles and corpus luteum with ultrasonography once a week(May 2016~June 2017). Blood samples of experimental horses were collected twice a week for analysis of P4 hormone levels. The mares were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if they followed by regular ovarian cycles. Only 13 cases(61.9%) of the total 21cases showed normal ovarian cycle, and 8 cases (38.1%) showed delayed ovarian cycle. Three cases(16.7%) in October, 5 cases(27.8%) in November and 5 cases(27.8%) in December(27.8%) ceased the heat and the remaining 5 cases(27.8%) showed that the estrus was maintained in winter. Horses that stopped estrus ceased the heat until March of next year, and 27.8% were continued the heat during non-breeding season. Eleven cases(61.1%) of 18 cases in April and 2 cases(11.1%) of 18 cases in May returned the estrus.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2016

국내에 선진낙농기술을 도입하며 최상의 통합 착유 시스템을 제공해 온 (주)금성축산(대표 이우형)으로부터 지난 2010년 분리독립해 이스라엘 'ENGS'사에서 '발정탐지기'를 수입 판매하기 시작한 (주)파우스(대표 이재용)는 우리 축산농가들이 실질적으로 필요로 하는 신제품을 보급하는 데에 선도적 역할을 해오고 있다. 단적인 예로 무선 발정탐지 기능은 물론 분만알림까지 가능한 시스템 공급은 농장운영의 편의성을 고려한 혁신적인 제품으로 평가받고 있다. 어느덧 6년차를 맞이하며, 대한민국 축산농가의 든든한 동반자로 성장한 (주)파우스를 찾았다.