• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2023

Various sources, such as wind, waves, ships, and gas leaks from the seafloor, forms bubbles in the ocean. Underwater bubbles cause signal scattering, considerably affecting acoustic measurements. This characteristic of bubbles is used to block underwater noise by attenuating the intensity of the propagated signal. Recently, researchers have been studying the large-scale release of methane gas as bubble plumes from the seabed. Understanding the physical properties and distribution of bubble plumes is crucial for studying the relation between leaked methane gas and climate change. Therefore, a water tank experiment was conducted to estimate the distribution of bubble plumes using seismic imaging techniques and acoustic signals obtained from artificially generated bubbles using a bubble generator. Reverse time migration was applied to image the bubble plumes while the acquired acoustic envelope signal was used to effectively estimate bubble distribution. Imaging results were compared with optical camera images to verify the estimated bubble distribution. The water tank experiment confirmed that the proposed system could successfully image the distribution of bubble plumes using reverse time migration and the envelope signal. The experiment showed that the scattering signal of artificial bubble plumes can be used for seismic imaging.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.388-388
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• 2023

영산강은 황룡강과 지석천이 합류하는 지점이기 때문에 많은 비가 내리면 홍수에 취약한 반면, 인근 지역인 나주시 노안면과 광주광역시 승촌동 지역의 지하수를 풍부하게 해주는 역할을 하고 있다. 특히, 승촌보 인근 지역은 겨울철 수온이 따뜻한 지하수를 활용하여 겨울철 미나리를 대규모로 재배하고 있다. 현재 승촌보 운영 수위를 관리 수위인 E.L.7.5m보다 1.5~2m 낮은 E.L.5.5~6.0m로 운영함에 따라 지하수 수위가 보 관리 수위보다 낮게 형성되고 있다. 이에 K-water 영산강보관리단은 여름철 홍수방어를 위해 설치된 배수문을 겨울철에 닫아 인공소류지를 형성함으로써 겨울철 미나리 재배지역에 지하수가 함양되는지 시험운영을 계획하였다. 배수문 시설을 관리하는 한국농어촌공사 광주지사와 광주광역시 남구청과 협의하였다. 이후 영산강유역환경청 민관협의체 위원장과 주민대표 통장님들께 방문 설명 등 지역주민들의 공감대 형성을 거쳐, '22년 9월 30일 승촌보 인근 승촌배수문 등 5개 배수문을 폐쇄하여 11월 30일까지 소류지에 물을 담수하였다. 또한, 소류지의 수위를 파악하기 위해 GPS 측량으로 해발 표고 산정한 간이 목자판 수위계를 설치하여 소류지내 수위를 모니터링하였다. 승촌배수문(#1)에서 발생한 누수는 스펀지를 바닥에 깔아 보강함으로써 누수를 줄여 소류지 수위를 E.L.6.7m 이상을 유지하였다. 그 결과 영산강에 인접한 SCM-008 지하수 관측소 데이터는 승촌보 운영 수위에 영향을 받고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 미나리 재배 기간인 3월에는 수막 재배로 인한 지하수 사용으로 수위가 가장 낮았으며, 여름철에 지하수 수위가 회복되는 패턴을 반복하였다. 10월~11월 시험운영기간 동안 SCM-005, -008, -101 지하수 관측정은 소류지와 중앙배수로에 가까울수록 인공 함양시 수위 상승효과가 크게 나타났으며, 평년(2020년~2021년) 대비 지하수위 상승을 확인하였다. SC-0 지역은 2022년 가뭄으로 다우년 대비 지하수 수위가 낮았으나, 시험운영 기간 중 지하수 수위 하강 속도가 늦춰지거나, 수위가 상승하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 인근 마을주민들에게 시험 운영 결과를 공유하였고, 소류지가 예년처럼 건천화되었을 때보다 지하수 수위상승과 중앙배수로나 소류지에서 양수하는 등 용수 이용에 도움이 되었다는 긍정적인 답변을 받았다. 따라서 2023년도에도 겨울철 미나리 재배 시기 동안 배수문을 닫아 소류지를 형성하여 지하수 함양에 도움이 되록하여, 미나리 지역의 농가 수익 증대에 보탬이 되도록 할 예정이다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.387-398
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• 2023

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted human lifestyles and patterns. It was recommended to avoid face-to-face contact and over-crowded indoor places as much as possible as COVID-19 spreads through air, as well as through droplets or aerosols. Therefore, if a person who has contacted a COVID-19 patient or was at the place where the COVID-19 patient occurred is concerned that he/she may have been infected with COVID-19, it can be fully expected that he/she will search for COVID-19 symptoms on Google. In this study, an exploratory data analysis using deep learning models(DNN & LSTM) was conducted to see if we could predict the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases by summoning Google Trends, which played a major role in surveillance and management of influenza, again and combining it with data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. In particular, search term frequency data used in this study are available publicly and do not invade privacy. When the deep neural network model was applied, Seoul (9.6 million) with the largest population in South Korea and Busan (3.4 million) with the second largest population recorded lower error rates when forecasting including search term frequency data. These analysis results demonstrate that search term frequency data plays an important role in cities with a population above a certain size. We also hope that these predictions can be used as evidentiary materials to decide policies, such as the deregulation or implementation of stronger preventive measures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2023

Because of various societal changes, such as the recent improvement in income levels and extension of the flexible work system, the demand for forest recreation activities and their use patterns are undergoing a change. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of each type through the segmentation of the overall forest recreation and welfare markets and to plan differentiated policies for each market type. This study classifies the forest recreation and welfare activities according to four types of users (i.e., passive usage type, ordinary type, active lover type, and indifferent type) using the Latent Class Analysis and examines their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics to explain the differences between the groups. Three policy implications were derived from the results obtained: 1) the group experiencing forest recreation welfare is subdivided; 2) the socioeconomic characteristics that distinguish the groups undertaking forest recreation activities were identified; and 3) the policy targets and characteristics that can increase the experience of forest recreation welfare were identified. This study is insightful as it suggests differentiated policies for each group and proposes policy measures to move to the desirable group.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Among a variety of influencing components, time-variant seepage and long-term underground motion are important to understand the abnormal behavior of tunnels. Excessiveness of these two components could be the direct cause of severe damage on tunnels, however, it is not easy to quantify the effect of these on the behavior of tunnels. These parameters can be estimated by using inverse methods once the appropriate relationship between inputs and results is clarified. Various inverse methods or parameter estimation techniques such as artificial neural network and least square method can be used depending on the characteristics of given problems. Numerical analyses, experiments, or monitoring results are frequently used to prepare a set of inputs and results to establish the back analysis models. In this study, a back analysis method has been developed to estimate geotechnically hard-to-known parameters such as permeability of tunnel filter, underground water table, long-term rock mass load, size of damaged zone associated with seepage and long-term underground motion. The artificial neural network technique is adopted and the numerical models developed in the first part are used to prepare a set of data for learning process. Tunnel behavior, especially the displacements of the lining, has been exclusively investigated for the back analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2022

The existence of shallow bedrock and the desire to use underground space necessitate the use of blasting methods. The standard blasting method under water after drilling is associated with certain technical difficulties, including reduced detonation power, the use of a fixed charge per delay, and decoupling. However, there is no blasting method to replace the existing blasting method. In this paper, a dry hole charged with ANFO blasting is assessed while employing a dry hole pumping system to remove water from the drill borehole. Additional standard blasting is also utilized to compare the blasting performances of the two methods. The least-squares linear regression method is adopted to analyze the blasting vibration velocity quantitatively using the measured vibration velocity for each blasting method and the vibration velocity model as a function of the scaled distance. The results show that the dry hole charged with ANFO blasting will lead to greater damping of the blasting vibration, more energy dissipation to crush the surrounding rock, and closer distances for the allowable velocity of the blasting vibration. Also, standard blasting shows much longer influencing distances and a wider range of the blasting pattern. The pilot test confirms the blasting efficiency of dry hole charged with ANFO blasting.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.52
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• pp.5-37
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• 2019

Despite a copious volume of work on the relationship between social class and cultural consumption, scholars have paid scant attention to the increasingly apparent observation that a vast majority of the population exhibits indifference toward fine arts regardless of one's socio-economic status. Much of the prior literature on cultural consumption has treated the public's indifference to fine arts not as a distinct analytical category that deserves an explanation of its own, but simply as the opposite of "likes" or the act of consumption, let alone being disentangled from the concept of "dislikes" in taste-formation and consumption behavior. In this paper, we suggest that the seemingly increasing trend toward indifference to fine arts, especially among those who are part of the well-educated and economically well-off, merits close scholarly attention on its own term. As an initial step toward this endeavor, we explore the factors behind indifference toward fine arts among Korean middle-class, using the ground theory method. Our interview findings reveal that much of indifference toward fine arts is attributable to the lack of tastes in fine arts and artistic competence. Our results suggest that research drawing on Bourdieu's theory and Peterson's omnivore hypothesis needs to be further revised through an in-depth investigation of the institutional and societal contexts where art education takes place in Korea. We discuss the implications of our findings for policy-making in the cultural and artistic sphere.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2B
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Classical linear models have been generally used to analyze and forecast hydrologic time series. However, there is growing evidence of nonlinear structure in natural phenomena and hydrologic time series associated with their patterns and fluctuations. Therefore, the classical linear techniques for time series analysis and forecasting may not be appropriate for nonlinear processes. In recent, the BDS (Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman) statistic instead of conventional techniques has been used for detecting nonlinearity of time series. The BDS statistic was derived from the statistical properties of the correlation integral which is used to analyze chaotic system and has been effectively used for distinguishing nonlinear structure in dynamic system from random structures. DVS (Deterministic Versus Stochastic) algorithm has been used for detecting chaos and stochastic systems and for forecasting of chaotic system. This study showed the DVS algorithm can be also used for detecting nonlinearity of the time series. In this study, the stochastic and hydrologic time series are analyzed to detect their nonlinearity. The linear and nonlinear stochastic time series generated from ARMA and TAR (Threshold Auto Regressive) models, a daily streamflow at St. Johns river near Cocoa, Florida, USA and Great Salt Lake Volume (GSL) data, Utah, USA are analyzed, daily inflow series of Soyang dam and the results are compared. The results showed the BDS statistic is a powerful tool for distinguishing between linearity and nonlinearity of the time series and DVS plot can be also effectively used for distinguishing the nonlinearity of the time series.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6B
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• pp.653-663
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to establish a database of weather, hydrology, point source pollution management, reservoir release and tillage management for SWAT model evaluation of Anseongcheon watershed ($370.1km^2$, the upstream of Gongdo water level gauging station), and to use them for the following research of future climate and land use change impact on streamflow and stream water quality. It is expected that the database can achieve the practical analysis of current watershed hydrologic and environmental condition. The model calibration and validation were conducted using the constructed database. The model results showed that the tillage management affected the temporal shift of pollutant loads, and changed the flow pattern of pollutant transport through cultivation area. It was identified that the April and May irrigation water supply from the agricultural reservoir also affected the streamflow of downstream. The data application of pollutants treatment facilities and tillage management of cultivation area showed about 10% difference in the simulation results of stream water quality. The data establishment of agricultural reservoir operation, the tillage management of cultivated area within the watershed and the attributes inclusion of pollutants treatment facilities were proved to be important in SWAT model evaluation. The results of model setup in this study are expected for more reliable model application in the following research of future climate and land use change impact on hydrology and stream water quality of the study watershed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.505-512
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• 2008

Over the past years, complex project which has the object to accomplish housing complex, commercial complex etc, recently is changing to multi-complex projects because of development in IT sector. Improvement in the quality of life, life pattern has been and is being changed, these modernized and improved version of life brings the concept of U-city. Department of urban planning and engineering, civil engineering and architecture engineering in every university educate students according to the changing world in order to handle these complex projects in real world. In most cases department of urban planning and engineering teach project planning and department of civil and architecture engineering teach project design and construction. In most of the projects planning followed by design and construction need to be accomplished, but current observation in the present curriculum shows that it is difficult to expect the continuity. The present curriculum of civil engineering has to change as complex projects deal with various different structures during the design and construction phase of these projects. This study examined curriculums from the department of urban and civil engineering related to structural design and construction and survey importance of design works which overlap urban and civil engineering targeted on design engineers. After understanding design works and results obtained from survey we propose for an advanced efficiency method.