• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2004

목적 : 본 연구는 Interleukin 10 (IL10) 유전자 다형성이 구안와사의 발병과 관련이 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 대상: 대구한의대학교부속 한방병원에 내원한 구안와사 환자 62명과 종합건진센터에 내원한 구안와사 기왕력이 없는 건강인 104명을 대상으로 하였다 방법 : 각 그룹에서 개개인마다 DNA를 분리 정제한 후 Taq polymerase로 증폭하여 한천 겔에서 전기영동을 하여 PCR 산물을 확인하였다. PCR 산물은 Pyrosequendng 과정을 통하여 IL10의 유전형이 자동으로 판정되었다. 결과 : A/A, A/C의 두가지 유전자형이 검출되었으며 구안와사군과 대조군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되지는 않았다(p=0.052). 또한 개별 allele 빈도에 있어서도 구안와사군과 건강인 사이에 통계적인 유의성이 나타나지 않았다(p=0.064). 결론 : 이상의 결과를 통하여 IL10 유전자 다형성은 구안와사의 발병과는 관련성이 없는 것으로 사려된다. 그러나 더 많은 구안와사 환자를 대상으로 IL10 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2004

목적 : 본 연구는 Interleukin 4 Receptor (IL-4R) 유전자 다형성이 중풍의 발병과 관련이 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 대상: 대구한의대학교부속 한방병원에 입원한 중풍환자 56명과 종합건진센터에 내원한 중풍 기왕력이 없는 건강인 83명을 대상으로 하였다. 방법 : 각 그룹에서 개개인마다 DNA를 분리 정제한 후 Taq polymerase로 증폭하여 한천 겔에서 전기영동을 하여 PCR 산물을 확인하였다. PCR 산물은 Pyrosequencing 과정을 통하여 IL4R의 유전형이 자동으로 판정되었다. 결과 : A/A, A/G, G/G의 세가지 유전자형이 검출되었으며 중풍군과 대조군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되었다(p=0.005). 그러나 개별 allele 빈도에 있어서는 중풍군과 건강인 사이에 통계적인 유의성이 나타나지 않았다(p=0.995). 결론 : 이상의 결과를 통하여 IL4R 유전자 다형성은 중풍의 발병과는 관련성이 있는 것으로 사려되지만 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 다른 환경요인 또는 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 심도있는 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 1985

In order to get information on the ecology of rice false smut, germination ability and pathogenicity of sclerotia and chlamydospores of the pathogen, environmental conditions affecting the disease outbreak and varietal resistance have been investigated. 1. The degree of outbreak of rice false smut was higher in the upland rice in comparison with the paddy field rice in respect to the number of affected grains per ear, the size and weight of smut balls formed on affected grains as well as the ratio of sclerotial formation produced on smut balls. 2. Germination percentage and days required for germination of overwintered sclerotia placed on the soil surface in July were 81% and 19 days, respectively, while those of overwintered sclerotia treated in May were 60-70% and 41 days. Sclerotia placed on the soil surface or under 1 cm depth of the soil surface and incubated at $25-30^{\circ}C$ were germinated well, whereas those placed under 3 cm or 5 cm depth of the soil surface were not germinated at all. Germinability and stroma productivity of sclerotia were reduced when the sclerotia were cutted into small pieces. 3. The average number of stroma formed on a sclerotium was six and that of perithecia formed in a stroma was about 50 to 140. 4. Percentage of germination of chlamydospores on the yellow balls was very high and was decreased as the color of the balls being darken with maturation. 5. Panicle of rice plants were successfully infected by injection inoculation with suspention of ascospores and chlamydospores of the pathogen to the sheaths at the booting stages, while seeding infection by spraying with suspensions of chlamydospores was unsuccessful. 6. More number of infected grains was distributed on basal parts of an affected ear than that of infected ones distributed upper parts of the ear, when the affected ear was divided into five parts from its basal portion to the apical of the ear. 7. The occurrence of the disease was more severe in the late maturing varieties of rice in comparison with the early maturing varieties. 8. When the level of nitrogen applied was increased, the incidence of disease increased, and the infection percentage of the disease was increased as the transplanting date was delayed. 9. The weight of panicles and 1000 kernels and the ratio of ripenness were reduced, and the contamination degree of grains with chlamydospores were increased as the number of smut balls per panicle were increased.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Purpose: An outbreak of influenza virus is uncommon in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The clinical presentation of influenza virus infection in neonates is diverse. This study was aimed to report an outbreak of influenza A in a NICU and to investigate the clinical characteristics of influenza virus infection in neonates especially preterm infants during the 2011-2012 influenza season in Korea. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 29 patients who were evaluated by respiratory virus multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at NICU of Kosin University Gospel Hospital during the 2011-2012 seasonal influenza outbreak in Korea. Results: Eleven patients (37.9%) were influenza A virus RT-PCR positive during the survey periods. They were all preterm infants and three of them had no symptoms. Eight patients had symptoms and it was fever (18%, 2/11), respiratory difficulty (72.7%, 8/11) without symptoms of upper respiratory infection, and gastrointestinal symptoms (27.3%, 3/11). The median duration of symptom was 5 days. There were differences of duration of admission at the test of respiratory RT-PCR, Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score, use of mechanical ventilation, and use of dexamethasone before infection between influenza A virus RT-PCR positive and negative group. All 11 patients with influenza A were discharged without any complications. Conclusions: The symptoms of influenza A virus infection in the preterm infants is nonspecific. Influenza A virus should be considered as a possible cause of infection in NICU during the influenza season in the community.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2008

Thromboembolic disease associated with assisted reproductive techniques is considered to be extremely rare but most serious complication. The reasons for this are thought to hypercoagulable state characteristic of OHSS due to high serum levels of estrogen, hemoconcentration and reduced circulating blood volume, but is still unclear. The risk is increased those with rare hypercoagulable conditions such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, and those with a personal or family history of thromboembolic disease. The majority of thrombosis reported were venous site but arterial thrombosis mostly intracerebral was reported 5 cases in Korea so far. We present a case of basilar a. thrombosis at 11 days after hCG injection. The patient developed the right hemiparesis, and recovered after intraarterial thrombolysis and transluminal angioplasty. Protein S activity was decreased and vWF antigen was increased. Decreased protein S activity was also found in previous reported 4 cases, so we suggest screening test for protein S in OHSS patients.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

To isolate antagonistic bacteria against sclerotinia rot of lettuce, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, soil samples were collected from the diseased greenhouse field in Namyangju city, Gyeong-gi province from 2007 to 2008. A total of 196 bacterial isolates were isolated using serial dilution method. In dual culture assay in vitro, 26 isolates showed more than 80% of inhibition rates of mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the 26 isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium, B. cereus, B. subtilis, Arthrobacter nicotianae, A. ramosus, Pseudomonas filiscindens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans and Sphingobacterium faecium. The 26 isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum up to 80% and the sclerotial germination 0-100%. In the greenhouse pot test of ten isolates conducted in summer, 2 isolates B. megaterium (DK6) and B. cereus (C210) showed control efficacy on sclerotia viability of S. sclerotiorum, 20% and 35%, respectively. In the greenhouse pot test in winter, the disease incidence of the control group was 80%, whereas those of 9 isolates among 26 were approximately 20%. From the result, the 9 isolates are expected as potentially antagonistic bacteria for biological control of sclerotinia rot of lettuce caused by S. sclerotiorum.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.101-117
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• 2004

현증 결핵환자가 감소하고, 면역억제환자가 증가하고 있는 국내 추세에서 잠복결핵(latent tuberculosis)의 진단 및 치료 지침이 필요한 실정이다. 그러나 결핵의 유병률, 발생률 그리고 비씨지 접종률 등이 외국과 다른 국내의 현실에서 현증이 없는 잠복결핵의 진단 및 치료에 대한 방침은 필연적으로 외국과 다를 수 밖에 없으며, 현 시점에 국내에서 이에 대한 자료가 불충분하여 국내의 환경에 적합한 근거 중심의 지침을 설정하기는 어려운 상황이다. 그러나 결핵의 기본 병태 생리를 근거로 하여 최소한 결핵균 감염 이후 결핵 발병의 위험성이 높은 대상 환자에서는 잠복결핵 진단을 위한 검사를 시행하여 치료 여부를 결정하여야 한다. 고위험군은 사람면역결핍바이러스(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) 감염자, 장기이식환자, 면역억제제를 장기간 사용하는 환자, 6세 이하의 소아 중 최근 전염성 결핵환자 접촉자 등을 우선적으로 고려해야 한다. 미국은 발병 위험도의 고, 중, 저에 따라 투베르쿨린 검사(tuberculin skin test, Mantoux test)의 양성기준을 달리 하여 잠복결핵을 진단하고 있으나, 국내에는 아직 이에 대한 자료가 부족하므로 발병의 위험이 높은 상기 고위험군을 대상으로 하여 PPD RT-23 2TU (Tuberculin unit)를 이용한 피부반응검사에서 10mm이상의 경결(induration)이 생성되는 경우를 양성으로 정하고 추후 연구 결과에 따라 재조정이 필요하다. 그 동안은 투베르쿨린 검사 결과 5-10 mm 사이의 경결반응을 보이는 면역억제 환자에 대하여는 개별적으로 의사의 판단에 따라 잠복결핵의 진단 및 치료 여부를 결정한다. 그러나 면역억제제를 사용하는 등 결핵 발병의 고위험군에서는 피부반응검사상 음성이라도 과거 결핵 치료력이 없이 흉부사진상 명백하게 과거에 결핵을 앓은 흉터가 남아있는 경우(석회화된 1차 결핵 소견은 제외)에는 잠복결핵의 치료를 시행한다. 상기 잠복결핵의 진단 및 검사의 적응증은 최소한 시행하여야 할 경우를 나열한 것으로 이외의 환자에 대하여는 환경 및 대상에 따라 개별화되어야 한다. 치료제로는 isoniazid (INH) 9개월 매일 치료(최소 한 6개월 이상, HIV양성 환자인 경우는 9개월), rifa-mpicin (RFP) 4개월 치료 및 INH/RFP 3개월 매일 치료를 시행할 수 있다. 상기 치료가 어려운 경우에는 RFP/pyrazinamide (PZA) 2개월 매일 치료를 고려할 수 있으나 중증 간독성의 가능성에 대한 철저한 교육 및 추적검사가 필요하다. 향후 국내 환경의 변화 및 연구결과에 따라 추후 부족한 부분에 대한 지침의 재정립이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of depressive episode about major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent. The subjects of this study were 34 major depression patients and 17 bipolar disorder patients hospitalized at child and adolescent psychiatry in OO university children's hospital from 1st March 1993 to 31st October 1999. The method of this study is to review socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic classification, chief problems and symptoms at admission, frequency of symptoms, maternal pregnancy problem history, childhood developmental history, coexisting psychiatric disorders, family psychopathology and family history and therapeutic response through their chart. 1) The ratio of male was higher than that of female in major depressive disorder while they are similar in manic episode, bipolar disorder. 2) Average onset age of bipolar disorder was 14 years 1 month and it was 12 years 8 months in the case of major depression As a result, average onset age of major depression is lower than that of bipolar disorder. 3) The patients complained of vegetative symptoms than somatic symptoms in both bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Also, the cases of major depression developed more suicide idea symptom while the case of bipolar disorder developed more aggressive symptoms. In the respect of psychotic symptoms, delusion was more frequently shown in major depression, but halucination was more often shown in bipolar disorder. 4) Anxiety disorder coexisted most frequently in two groups. And there coexisted symptoms such as somartoform disorder, mental retardation and personality disorder in both cases. 5) The influence of family loading was remarkable in both cases. Above all, the development of major depression had to do with child abuse history and inappropriate care of family. It is apparent that there are distinctive differences between major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent through the study, just as in adult cases. Therefore the differences of clinical characteristics between two disorders is founded in coexisting disorders and clinical symptoms including onset age, somatic symptoms and vegetative symptoms.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2006

Bacillus spp. isolated from mushroom medium wastes were evaluated for their biocontrol potentials on control of Sclerotinia rot of lettuce. The Bacillus isolates were more effectively obtained from waste suspension when directly added into nutrient agar(NA) medium than plating on the agar medium. Totally 42 isolates obtained from the wastes B23 and B42 showed highest antifungal activity against eight fungal pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, and Botrytis cinerea and B23 and B42 were finally selected for further studies. Optimal concentration of the isolates was $10ml(10^7cfu/ml)$ to suppress the Sclerotinia rot of lettuce. Supplements such as starch, glycerol, and egg-yolk successfully maintained the bacterial population for 30 days in vitro and increased bio-control potentials against the disease. The bacterial isolate B23 alone showed 72% control value, furthermore it presented 95% control value when supplemented with 0.2% of starch, glycerol, and egg-yolk. The promising Bacillus isolates B23 and B42 were identified as Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus stearothermophillus, respectively, based on morphological and physiological characteristics according to API database.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1997

Objective：The objective of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’s disorder. Method：Subjects consisted of 157 patients with Tourette’ disorder diagnosed by DSM-IIIR, who were examined and diagnosed from Jan. 1988 to May 1994 at the Tourette’s Clinic of Yonsei University Medical Center. Characteristics and behavioral comorbidity of Patients were assessed by a semi-structured interview schedule. Behavioral problems like hyperactivity, obsession-compulsion, self destructiveness, enuresis, sleep problem were assessed by global clinical impression. Results：The mean age of patients was 14.49(${\pm}7.99$) years. Patients consisted of 138 males (87.9%) and 19 females(12.1%). The sex ratio was 7：1, showing a male preponderance. The number of right-handers was 133(84.7%), and the number of non-right handers was 24(15.3%). Mean age of onset was 8.85(${\pm}4.56$) years, ranging from 2-to-16 years. More than half of the patients had their age of onset at 6-10 years. Bimodal peak in age of onset was observed；the first peak was around 6 and the second peak was around 10 years. There was no sex difference in bimodal age of onset. The most common initial symptom was eye blinking. More than 55% of patients reported eye blinking as their first symptom. The second common initial symptom was head turning and the third was vocal tic. The most common symptoms that patients reported on their first visit since onset were eye blinking(82.2%), head turning or nodding(57.9%), shoulder shrugging(52.7%) and forearm movement(32.6%). Of 157 cases, 101(64.3%) patients showed downward progression of symptoms, and 25(15.9%) showed upward progression of symptoms. Nineteen fathers(12%) of patients had a past history of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Seventeen fathers(10.6%) had a history of tic disorder. SSevenmothers(4.5%) had OCD, 4 mothers (2.5%) had tic disorder. One hundred and eighteen patients(75.1%) had comorbid hyperactivity, 95 patients(60.5%) had obsession, 55 patiens(35.0%) had self destructiveness, 46 patients(29.3%) had impulsivity, and 35 patients(22.3%) had enuresis. Age of onset had a significant positive correlation with age, duration, and the global severity of obsession；and a negative correlation with the severity of hyperactivity. Hyperactivity had a significant positive correlation with impulsivity, obsession-compulsion, enuresis, and self destructiveness. Obsession-compulsion had a significant positive correlation with hyperactivity, sleep problems, and self destructiveness. Conclusion：These data suggest that clinical characteristcs and behavioral comorbidity of patients with Tourette’ disorder in this study are similar to previous research findings in Korea and other contries. The younger the age of onset was, the more severe hyperactivity was, and the less severe obsession-compulsion was. And severity of hyperactivity had a positive correlation with the severity of obsession-compulsion, impulsivity, enuresis, and self destructiveness.