• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2002

More and more non-injured operations are being implemented these days, thanks to the development of medical technology. Still, however, most operations leave direct scars on patient' bodies, as well as accompanying pain. The massage as an independent nursing intervention can stimulate the circulation of the blood of tissue and muscle and increase the relationship between a patient and a nurse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of foot massage on pain in post abdominal operative patients. The nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design is used for this study. From July 7, 2000 to February 20, 2001, the 40 patients who were operated under general anesthesia in a university hospital in Seoul were studied. They were divided into two groups ; 20 patients were part of the experimental group, and the others, in the control group. In order to evaluate the effect of foot massage, severity of pain was checked with the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and also each patients' vital signs were measured with pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The collected datas were processed by SAS version 6.12 program and analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The severity of pain decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group following foot massage (t=-3.317, p= .002). 2. Measured vital signs in the experimental group had more reduction of that than in the control group following foot massage. - The pulse rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=7.73, p=.008). - The systolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=25.75, p=.000). - The diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group following foot massage (F=15.27, p=.000). In conclusion, foot massage is an effective dependent nursing intervention for pain control of post abdominal operative patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of foot massage on fatigue and depression among patients undergoing chemotherapy with hematological malignancies. Method: The subjects were 60 patients hospitalized for undergoing chemotherapy from September 2007 to March 2008, and 30 of them were the experimental group and the other 30 were the control group. To the subjects in the experimental group, foot massage was provided for 30 minutes everyday before the chemotherapy at the same time for 4 days, and the effect was measured on Day 4 and 5 after chemotherapy. Fatigue was measured using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) developed by Mendoza et al. (1999), and depression was measured by psychiatric rating scale SCL-90-R developed by Derogatis (1977) and translated by Kim Gwang il et al. The data were analyzed through $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, unpaired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0. Results: Fatigue and depression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Even on Day 5, fatigue and depression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control after finish foot massage. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that foot massage would be an effective nursing intervention to reduce fatigue and depression in patients with hematological malignancies.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.87-95
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide evidences throught integrative review of non-pharmacological intervention studies for constipation in the elderly in Korea. Through the domestic search engines RISS and KISS, eleven studies were selected by searching for theses and academic journals published in Korea from 2010 to January 2023. According to the study result, relevant studies were 11, and non-pharmacological interventions included abdominal massage, foot massage, acupressure, moxibustion, lifestyle intervention, carbonated water intake, and complex therapy. Constipation, sleep quality, and depression were confirmed as effects of the intervention. However, there is no study confirming the quality of life related to constipation in the elderly, so it is necessary to develop and apply a non-pharmacological intervention program for constipation considering the quality of life of the elderly.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.232-242
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate effects of foot massage and supportive communication provided by hospice volunteers on depression, anxiety, and mood of cancer patients who are going under intravenous chemotherapy at out patient department (OPD). Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Sixty-four participants were recruited from out-patients setting in a university hospital by a convenient sampling. Two trained- hospice volunteers first provided regular hospice volunteer service to 34 patients in the control group. Subsequently, foot massage and supportive communication were provided to 30 participants in the experimental group. After the intervention, all participants answered the structured questionnaire with visual analog scales on depression, anxiety, and mood including general characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two sample t-test, and paired t-test by PASW 17. Results: After the intervention, changes in negative moods, i.e. strain and powerlessness in the experimental group were significantly different from those in control group; strain and powerlessness in the experimental group were significantly decreased by foot massage and supportive communication provided by hospice volunteers. Conclusion: The current findings provide an empirical evidence of a brief and efficacious intervention for cancer patients. Further studies are warranted with larger sample size to validate the effectiveness of foot massage and supportive communication as a solid intervention for cancer patients who are undergoing intravenous chemotherapy at OPD.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.192-207
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot massage on the stress of student nurses in clinical practice. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 52 student nurses from three junior colleges and one university. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups : the experimental group(26 students), and the control group(26 students). The study was conducted from October to November 1999. For the experimental group the foot massage was performed once a day for 3 days, starting from the first day of clinical practice. Subjects' mood, fatigue, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured as dependent variables. The Instrument for mood and fatigue state was a 100mm visual analogue scale. For the experimental group pre and post tests were done just before and after every 3 foot massages and on the 7th clinical practice day. For the control group pretest was done on 1st clinical day and posttest was done on clinical practice 7th day. The data was analyzed by the t-test and paired t-test and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The mood state scores were significantly higher for the experimental group as compared to the control group after the foot massage(t=13.73, p<.001). 2. The fatigue state scores were significantly lower for the experimental group as compared to the control group after the foot massage(t=8.69, p<.001). 3. The systolic blood pressure was significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the foot massage(t=3.0073, p<.01). 4. The diastolic blood pressure was not significantly different between the experiment group and the control group after the foot massage. 5. The pulse rate was not significantly different between the experiment group and the control group after foot massage. 6. The mood state scores on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd massage day was significantly improved right after the foot massage. 7. The fatigue state scores on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd massage day were significantly lower right after the foot massage. 8. Systolic blood pressure on the 1st and 2nd massage day was significantly decreased right after the foot massage. Diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were decreased right after massage but the change was not statistically significant. On the basis of the above findings, this study suggests that foot massage can be an effective stress relieving method for student nurses in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2206-2211
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• 2012

To identify the effect of the aroma foot spa on the stress, 12 university students with stress were divided into control group (6 subjects) and aroma foot spa group (6 subjects). Control group was not subjected to any kind of intervention while aroma foot spa group was subjected to 10 minutes of foot bath using 5% Juniper, lavender and lemon essential oil and 10 minutes of foot massage using massage cream during four weeks, two times per week. As for the evaluation method, brain wave was studied to measure the amount of change in stress. After measuring the change in the brain wave before and after the experiment, it was proven that the aroma foot spa group s Alpha wave (Z=-2.364, p<.05) and SMR wave (Z=-1.981, p<.05) were higher than those of the control group. Moreover, when the pre and post experiment results of the aroma foot spa group were measured, it was proven that the Theta wave (Z=-2.366, p<.05) decreased while Alpha wave (Z=-2.371, p<.05) increased. In other words, aroma foot spa that included foot bath using essential oil and foot massage increased Alpha wave which in turn influenced the brain wave due to increased blood circulation resulting from muscle relaxation. Moreover, SMR wave increase was closely related to the change in Alpha wave, which demonstrates that SMR wave increased due to stress alleviation. Accordingly, it may be possible to assume that aroma foot spa is effective in relieving stress.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot massage on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety, sleep satisfaction and fatigue during chemotherapy. Method: Total 36 subjects who were admitted to C university hospital in G city during 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from January to June, 2003. Seventeen of these subjects were assigned to control group and the rest were assigned to experimental group. Tools were Index of Nausea, Vomiting & Retching (INVR), Spielberger's state anxiety, sleep satisfaction, & fatigue VAS. Data were collected at both pre-test and post-test. Results: Difference of pre-test and post-test was not significant between control group and experimental group on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety and sleep satisfaction. However, the effect of foot massage on the fatigue was significant. Conclusion: Further studies need to identify the immediate effect of foot massage on either nausea and vomiting or anxiety and to develop strategies for lengthening and strengthening the short-term effect of foot massage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.403-411
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• 2017

In recent years, various activities have been carried out in terms of talent donation for community together. This study suggests curriculum model about talent donation program centered on beauty majors. The key elements revealed in previous literature studies were used as educational contents of this study. The program presented in this study can be used to expand talent donations by beauty talent. The curriculum of the program for community together consisted of talent donation goals, teaching and learning methods, and evaluation items. This training program is divided into understanding area of talent donation and technique area of skin beauty.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effect of self-foot reflexology on peripheral blood circulation, peripheral neuropathy and to determine the feasibility of self-foot reflexology as a nursing intervention. Method: This was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest study with 76 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ages between 40-79) recruited from public health centers in Busan city. Intervention was a 6 week self-foot reflexology, and outcome variables were peripheral blood circulation and peripheral neuropathy(tactile response to monofilament, intensity of symptoms of peripheral neuropathy). ANCOVA was used to do the statistical analysis. A.05 significance level was set for evaluating the effects of self-foot reflexology. Results: The self-foot reflexology was relatively effective not only in reducing peripheral neuropathy(especially tingling sensation and pain) but also in improving ability to sense the 10-g force monofilament. Conclusion: Even though self-foot reflexology was not effective in improving peripheral circulation, it had good effect on improving peripheral neuropathy. Therefore self-foot reflexology can be used as a nursing intervention program for promoting foot care for patients with DM patients.