• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2001

Flying behavior during nighttime and control methods of fruit sucking pests were investigated in yuzu (Citrus junos) groves at Koheung area from August to November in 1999. Among the 3 kind of bulbs with different color (white, blue and yellow), white bulb attracted the most number of fruit sucking pests . The 93 percent of the moths was attracted from sunset to 24 o\`clock. Main flying time of hemipteriods in early, mid, and late October were from 22 to 04 o\`clock, sunset to 02 o\`clock and sunset to 24 o\`clock, respectively. Their flying time become earlier as the night temperature declines. For control of fruit sucking pests, attraction liquid traps, light traps (100 W) and illumination light bulb were set up in the yuzu groves (1,000 $\m^2$) from the 1 st October to the 3rd November. Attraction liquid was composed of a raw rice wine 2,000 ml+black sugar 100 g+vinegar 100 ml. When established at 3 sites per 1,000 $\m^2$ orchard, attraction liquid trap reduced the number of sucking spots on yuzu fruit to 64% and its attracting effect maintained for 3 weeks after setting-up. Three light traps per 1,000 m2 which turned on from sunset to 02 o\`clock reduced the number of sucking spots by 60% .

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 1986

우리 식생활에 없어서는 안되는 양념 채소인 고추는 이른 봄부터 늦가을까지 재배기간이 긴 작물로서 특히 고온다습한 장마철에 방제하기가 어려운 병충해의 발생이 심한 것으로 장마철의 주요 병해충을 보면 돌림병(疫病)을 비롯해서 검썩음병과 바이라스, 반점세균병 그리고 담배나방을 들 수 있다. 이들 중 가장 무서운 피해를 주는 것은 연작포장에서 심하게 발생되는 역병과 고온다습한 공기를 타고 급격히 전염되는 탄저병 그리고 반점세균병과 진딧물이 매개하는 바이러스 즉, 오갈병과 연중 3$\~$4회 발생하여 피해를 주는 담배나방이 있다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the status of spot damage by fruit piercing pests and the kinds of these pests on yuzu (Citrus junos) fruit in Koheung, the most chief producing district of yuzu fruit in Korea, from ’97 to ’99. The extent of spot damage by fruit piercing pests on yuzu was increasing in recent years. This damage of fruits was severe in the lower canopy than the high one from ground and intercropping groves between yuzu trees had a greater damage to compare with single cropping of yuzu. Spot damage of yuzu fruit was occurred mainly from late September to early November when yuzu fruit is enlarging and coloring yellow. The blackish concave spot on yuzu fruit surface was appeared in 3 days after introduction of Riptortus clavatus into a netted cage containing one yuzu fruit and the diameters of this spot was 8.3 mm. At 10 days after introduction, this spot changed into milky-white with 9.2 mm diameters. One concave spot has contained oil cells by 17.7 and its external appearances has unchanged until harvest. The kinds of piercing pests of yuzu fruit were investigated with 3 orders, 16 families and 37 species. These pests were classified by 11 species of bugs, 5 species of hoppers and 21 species of moths. Among them, dominant species were Physopelta gutta, Halyamorpha halys, Empoasca vitis, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis tokionis, etc. Macroglossum bombylans and Acherontia s쇼x are newly confirmed species as the fruit piercing moths in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.455-460
• /
• 2020

Rice grain damage caused by Paromius exiguus under various conditions in paddy fields was analyzed. One nymph of P. exiguus caused 2.7 pecky grains in brown rice in one day, and sixteen nymphs caused 132.3 pecky grains over sixteen days. The relationship between the inoculated nymphal density and the number of pecky grains was well described by a linear regression (Y = 8.8446X, r2 = 0.9622). When a pair of P. exiguus adults was inoculated in the heading stage of rice, the damage at the time of harvesting consisted of 40.2% of cracked rice and 30.5% of pecky rice among whole rice grains. Inoculation of 16 pairs resulted in 81.7% of cracked rice and 74.5% of pecky rice. The damage analysis indicated that the quantity of ripened rice decreased as the damage started earlier in the heading stage of rice. On the contrary, the proportion of cracked and pecky rice rapidly increased from the heading time until 28 days after heading of the rice grains.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to survey the occurrence of stink bugs and pecky rice grain caused by the stink bugs in paddy fields in six districts of Gyeonggi-do. In the levee of the paddy fields, 30 species of the stink bugs were collected, and the dominant species were Paromius exiguus in Hwaseong and Siheung, and Stenotus rubrovittatus in Pyeongtaek, Icheon and Paju. In the paddy fields, 23 species were collected, and the dominant species were Paromius exiguus in Siheung, and Stenotus rubrovittatus in Pyeongtaek, Icheon and Paju. P. exiguus overwintered and proliferated mainly in the west coastal region, where its host plants, Imperata cylindrica and Calamagrostis epigeois, were abundant, and then moved to paddy fields later in the season, resulting in the peak density in September in paddy area. Stenotus rubrovittatus and Cletus punctiger were abundant in paddy area in August and September, and Eysarcoris aeneus was abundant in June and July. When the stink bugs were inoculated on the rice, the rate of pecky rice caused by E. aeneus and P. exiguus at milk ripe stage was 10.2% and 4.8%, respectively, and the rate by S. rubrovittatus and P. exiguus at dough ripe stage was 4.3% and 2.7%, respectively. The damage shape of pecky rice was distinctive according to the species. The surface of pecky rice by P. exiguus was very smooth but the surface of pecky rice by E. aeneus was rough and caved. In the pecky rice by S. rubrovittatus, the spot occurred at the topside of the grain.

• Agrochemical news magazine
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.122
• /
• pp.76-79
• /
• 1994

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 1986

Biochemical and histological effects of ozone gas (0.3 ppm) on rice plant were discussed. After ozone expoure, damage symptom, percentages of destroyed leaves, activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, and the contents of flavonoid, protein and sugar were examined on two rice varieties (Seokwangbyeo, Jinjubyeo), on tillering stage, and at different exposure time (0, 1, 3, 5 hr). The result were as followed. 1. The ozone-injured cell adjoining stomata become pigmented red-brown. 2. The percentage of injured leaves in Jinjubyeo was higher than that in Seokwangbyeo. 3. The activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase increased on ozone-injured leaves. 4. The peroxidase activity increased with time in Jinjubyeo compared to Seokwangbyeo. 5. Peroxidase isozyme spectrum was altered after ozone exposure. 6. The content of flavonoid and reducing sugar in the rice leaves was increased, but the contents of protein was reduced.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1988

$SO_2$ gas injuries for 19 varieties of 10 species of plants were investigated within a environmentally controlled growth chamber. Visible injuries were observed when exposing the plants either 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 or 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas for 5 days from 9 : 00 to 17 : 00 everyday. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Light brown spots were shown on Raphanus sativus(Chunchu, Taeback, Jinjudaepyung), Brassica campestris(Manchun, Josaengmiho, Seoul, Jeonseung), and Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongsanho, Hongilpum); brown spots on Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan); reddish brown shades on Cleosia cristata; and black brown spots on Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Salvia splendens, respectively. 2. The spotty injuries induced by $SO_2$ gas injuries for 19 varieties of 10 species of plants were investigated within a environmentally controlled growth chamber. Visible injuries were observed when exposing the plants either 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 or 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas for 5 days from 9 : 00 to 17 : 00 everyday. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Light brown spots were shown on Raphanus sativus(Chunchu, Taeback, Jinjudaepyung), Brassica campestris(Manchun, Josaengmiho, Seoul, Jeonseung), and Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongsanho, Hongilpum); brown spots on Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan); reddish brown shades on Cleosia cristata; and black brown spots on Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Salvia splendens, respectively. 2. The spotty injuries induced by SO₂ gas on Raphanus sativus, Callistephus chinensis, Capsicum annum, Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Salvia splendens, and Sesamum indicum; the many small spots on Chrysanthemum morifolium; and the brown shade on Celosia cristata appeared on the upper surface of the intervein, on the leaf apex area and on the entire upper surface of leaves, respectively. 3. Visual injuries of Capsicum annum(Chunchu), Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan), and Salvia splendens were developed at 0.4ppm of SO₂ gas fumigation. Brassica campestris(Jeonseung), Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongilpum), and Cleosia cristata, however, showed the injury at 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas concentration. 4. Based on the tolerance grade(time when the 1st injury appeared), Raphanus sativus, Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum, and Salvia splendens were the most sensitive plants and Chrysanthemum morifolium, Callistephus chinensis, Cleosia cristata, and Calendula officinalis were the plants most tolerant of $SO_2$ gas. gas on Raphanus sativus, Callistephus chinensis, Capsicum annum, Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Salvia splendens, and Sesamum indicum; the many small spots on Chrysanthemum morifolium; and the brown shade on Celosia cristata appeared on the upper surface of the intervein, on the leaf apex area and on the entire upper surface of leaves, respectively. 3. Visual injuries of Capsicum annum(Chunchu), Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan), and Salvia splendens were developed at 0.4ppm of $SO_2$ gas injuries for 19 varieties of 10 species of plants were investigated within a environmentally controlled growth chamber. Visible injuries were observed when exposing the plants either 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 or 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas for 5 days from 9 : 00 to 17 : 00 everyday. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Light brown spots were shown on Raphanus sativus(Chunchu, Taeback, Jinjudaepyung), Brassica campestris(Manchun, Josaengmiho, Seoul, Jeonseung), and Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongsanho, Hongilpum); brown spots on Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan); reddish brown shades on Cleosia cristata; and black brown spots on Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Salvia splendens, respectively. 2. The spotty injuries induced by SO₂ gas on Raphanus sativus, Callistephus chinensis, Capsicum annum, Perilla frutescens, Calendula officinalis, Salvia splendens, and Sesamum indicum; the many small spots on Chrysanthemum morifolium; and the brown shade on Celosia cristata appeared on the upper surface of the intervein, on the leaf apex area and on the entire upper surface of leaves, respectively. 3. Visual injuries of Capsicum annum(Chunchu), Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum(Pungnyun, Kwangsan), and Salvia splendens were developed at 0.4ppm of SO₂ gas fumigation. Brassica campestris(Jeonseung), Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongilpum), and Cleosia cristata, however, showed the injury at 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas concentration. 4. Based on the tolerance grade(time when the 1st injury appeared), Raphanus sativus, Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum, and Salvia splendens were the most sensitive plants and Chrysanthemum morifolium, Callistephus chinensis, Cleosia cristata, and Calendula officinalis were the plants most tolerant of $SO_2$ gas. gas fumigation. Brassica campestris(Jeonseung), Capsicum annum(Searona, Hongilpum), and Cleosia cristata, however, showed the injury at 1.5ppm of $SO_2$ gas concentration. 4. Based on the tolerance grade(time when the 1st injury appeared), Raphanus sativus, Perilla frutescens, Sesamum indicum, and Salvia splendens were the most sensitive plants and Chrysanthemum morifolium, Callistephus chinensis, Cleosia cristata, and Calendula officinalis were the plants most tolerant of $SO_2$ gas.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.491-495
• /
• 2014

Mites were collected from organic cultivations of greenhouse cucumbers and identified as Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: caridae). T. neiswanderi (length, $490.1{\mu}m;$ width, $288.1{\mu}m$) is a very small, milky-white, and egg-shaped mite, and it mainly causes damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of cucumber plants. In the early growing season of cucumbers, the shoots of seedlings became pale and yellow because of T. neiswanderi, and eventually shrinkage or bud-failing was observed in the plants. In the middle of the growing season, T. neiswanderi caused white spots on the leaves and flowers of the plants, and the spots gradually became holes. T. neiswanderi also caused severe damage to young fruits by feeding on the rinds of the fruits, inducing malformations and lowering the economic value.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of bug species around bank and paddy field and its peckey rice in four different districts of Kyonggi Area, and then to observe the distribution of bug species causing pee key rice. The results obtained were as follows; Thirty one bug species were collected around bank and its dominant species were Eyarcoris parvus, Nabis stenoferus, Stictopleurus crassicornis and each constituted 35.9, 20.2, 6.5 %, respectively. On the other hand, 11 bug species in paddy field were identified and the dominant species among them were Nabis stenoferus, Adelphocoris triannulatus, Eyarcoris parvus. Pee key rice induced by the infestation of bug species was 34.7% in Eyarcoris parvus and 2.7% in Aeschynteles maculatus. The occurrence of pecked rice injured by bugs was severe on milk ripe stage through heading stage to yellow ripe stage of rice growth period. Peckey rice among rice varieties was higher in Sobaekbyeo, extremely early mature variety, and Taebaegbyeo, early mature variety. The occurrence of peckey rice was higher in mountainous area such as Pocheon culturing early mature rice varieties.