• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.350-359
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• 1993

The effect of gibberellic acid ($GA_3) and abscisic acid (ABA) on KCl-enhanced proteolysis of senescing leaves of rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. Chilsung) was studied. Emphasis was given to their effects on KCI-enhanced efflux of amino acids and proteinase activity. When treated singly, $GA_3 affected leaf proteolysis little, while ABA increased proteolysis, the rate of amino acid efflux, and ribulose -1,5 -bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase (Rubisco)-degrading endoproteinase activity. An additive increase in all three parameters mentioned above was observed when leaves were treated with ABA and KCl. No such an additive effect was found when $GA_3 was treated with KCl. Both $GA_3 and ABA helped to alleviate the KCI-suppressed activity of Rubisco-degrading exoproteinases. The additive increase in proteolysis of rice leaves in the presence of both ABA and KCl could thus be ascribed to a further increase in the efflux of protein hydrolyzates and Rubisco-degrading endoproteinase activity. An increase in proteolysis was accompanied by a decrease in water absorption, and the combined treatment of ABA with KCl resulted in a further reduction of water absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2010

Purpose : The object of this study was to examine the effect of motor learning on brain activation depending on the method of motor learning. Methods : The brain activation was measured in 9 men by fMRI. The subjects were divided into the following groups depending on the method of motor learning: actually practice (AP, n=3) group, action observation (AO, n=3) group and motor imagery (MI, n=3) group. In order to examine the effect of motor learning depending on the method of motor learning, the brain activation data were measured during learning. For the investigation of brain activation, fMRI was conducted. Results : The results of brain activation measured before and during learning were as follows; (1) During learning, the AP group showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, somatosensory area located in postcentral gyrus, supplemental motor area and prefrontal association area located in precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe and somatosensory association area of precuneus; (2) During learning, the AD groups showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, prefrontal association area located in middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area and supplemental motor area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe, somatosensory area and primary motor area located in precentral gyrus of right cerebrum and left cerebrum, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus; and (3) During learning, the MI group showed activation in the following areas: speech area located in superior temporal gyrus, supplemental area, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus. Conclusion : Given the results above, in this study, the action observation was suggested as an alternative to motor learning through actual practice in serial reaction time task of motor learning. It showed the similar results to the actual practice in brain activation which were obtained using activation of mirror neuron. This result suggests that the brain activation occurred by the activation of mirror neuron, which was observed during action observation. The mirror neurons are located in primary motor area, somatosensory area, premotor area, supplemental motor area and somatosensory association area. In sum, when we plan a training program through physiotherapy to increase the effect during reeducation of movement, the action observation as well as best resting is necessary in increasing the effect of motor learning with the patients who cannot be engaged in actual practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

최근 MOM 기술은 비즈니스 로직을 수행하는 애플리케이션 서버의 필수적인 구성요소로서 자리잡고 있으며, 보통 수백에서 수천의 클라이언트 요청을 처리할 수 있는 능력을 제공한다. MOM 은 이러한 대용량의 클라이언트 요청을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서 효율적이고 확장성있는(스케일러블) 네트워크 모듈이 필요하며, 다양한 네트워크 프로토콜을 지원해야 한다. MOM이 기본적으로 지원하는 메시징 기능은 PTP(Point-To-Point)와 publish/subscribe 메시징 도메인으로 나뉘는데 이 논문에서는 두 가지 메시징 도메인과 그룹통신 메시징 서비스 기능을 동시에 지원하는 MoIM-Message 시스템의 하부 통신 모듈의 설계에 대해 기술한다. PTP와 publish/subscribe 메시징을 지원하기 위해 세가지 프리미티브 메시징 오퍼레이션인 "synchronous send", "synchronous receive", "asynchronous receive"를 정의하였으며 하부 통신 모듈 역할을 하는 메시지 트랜스포트 관리 계층내의 트랜스포트 관리자 내에 구현되었다. 트랜스포트 관리자는 다양한 트랜스포트 프로토콜을 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위해 트랜스포트 어댑터로 설계되었으며, 대량의 통신 요청을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 "polling with multiple service thread model" 기법을 적용하여 구현되었다. 또한, 모바일 클라이언트 환경을 지원하기 위해 클라이언트 측 통신 모듈을 IPaq PDA 상에 포팅하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 세 가지 프리미티브 메시징 오퍼레이션을 제공하는 통신 모듈은 MOM이 기본적으로 지원해야 할 메시징 도메인과 대용량의 클라이언트 요청을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 구조를 가진다.es}8$ 모드를 모두 사용한 경우와 $8{\times}8$ 단일모드를 사용한 경우보다 계산 시간이 감소하였음을 확인하였다.행중인 MoIM-Messge서버의 네트워크 모듈로 다중 쓰레드 소켓폴링 모델을 적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.301-322
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• 2015

This study examined the effect of emotional sounds on satisfaction of search (SOS). SOS occurs when detection of a target results in a lesser chance of finding subsequent targets when searching for an unknown number of targets. Previous studies have examined factors that may influence the phenomenon, but the effect of emotional sounds is yet to be identified. Therefore, the current study investigated how emotional sound affects magnitude of the SOS effect. In addition, participants' eye movements were recorded to determine the source of SOS errors. The search display included abstract T and L-shaped items on a cloudy background and positive and negative sounds. Results demonstrated that negative sounds produced the largest SOS effect by definition, but this was due to superior accuracy in low-salient single target trials. Response time, which represents efficiency, was consistently faster when negative sounds were provided, in all target conditions. On-target fixation classification revealed scanning error, which occurs because targets are not fixated, as the most prominent type of error. These results imply that the two dimensions of emotion - valence and arousal - interactively affect cognitive performance.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to setup a concuurent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-functional MRI (fMRI) system for understanding causality of the functional brain network. Materials and Methods: We manufactured a TMS coil holder using nonmagnetic polyether ether ketone (PEEK). We simulated magnetic field distributions in the MR scanner according to TMS coil positions and angles. To minimize image distortions caused by TMS application, we controlled fMRI acquisition and TMS sequences to trigger TMS during inter-volume intervals. Results: Simulation showed that the magnetic field below the center of the coil was dramatically decreased with distance. Through the MR phantom study, we confirmed that TMS application around inter-volume acquisition time = 100 miliseconds reduced imaging distortion. Finally, the applicability of the concurrent TMS-fMRI was tested in preliminary studies with a healthy subject conducting a motor task within TMS-fMRI and passive motor movement induced by TMS in fMRI. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the developed system allows use of TMS inside an fMRI system, which would contribute to the research of brain activation changes and causality in brain connectivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

The focus of this study is on the new instructional and pedagogical application of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) with technology and by gender. Participants comprised 204 TEFL students in Korea. The study was conducted in the 2017 academic year. For this study, all participants attended English class using technology for three hours a week. Course syllabus, lecture notes, and other study materials were uploaded to the school website. Homework assignments, quizzes, and exams were also distributed through the website. To ascertain whether there are any differential effects from gender on learning English as a foreign language using technology, the quantitative materials included pre- and post-tests. This study also adopted qualitative methods, with structured interviews to obtain participants' comprehensive view of technology-assisted English lessons. Paired sample t-tests and independent t-tests were administered to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Findings show that both male and female students improved their English-speaking skills using technology. However, no gender difference was found in technology-assisted TEFL. Technology use for learning English also resulted in both genders' positive perceptions of language lessons. Based on these findings, this study yields practical implications for TEFL teachers in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.128-132
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• 2006

관절염이 일어나는 정확한 기전은 아직까지 잘 규명되어 있지 않으나 일반적으로 cytokine, chemokine을 비롯한 여러 가지 조절 물질들 사이의 미묘한 균형이 깨어지는 일이 주된 요인으로 추정되고 있다. 사람의 경우 염증이 일어난 관절 조직에서 활막 세포(synovial fibroblast)는 여러 염증성 사이토카인들을 분비하기도 하며 또 한편 이들 cytokine의 target 세포로 이들의 자극에 대하여 정상인의 그것과 다른 증식 및 활성화 반응을 보이는 등, 다양한 측면에서 관절염증의 유발에 기여하는 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 활막세포 활성화 경로를 DNA Microarray chip을 이용하여 세포 및 분자 수준에서 밝혀 이를 차단할 수 있는 자연물질(natural product)를 선별함으로써 항생제나 스테로이드를 사용하지 않고 돼지의 관절염을 효과적으로 치료 또는 예방할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 6.6kg의 암컷 Yorkshire와 수컷 Landrace의 교배잡으로 왼쪽 뒷다리 슬관절에 십자인대를 파열하여 관절염을 유발하고 8주간 성장을 시킨 후 정상 슬관절과 관절염이 유발된 슬관절의 활막세포로부터 total RNA를 추출한 후 affymetrix Gene chip을 제작하여 Geneplex소프트웨어를 이용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 unknown 유전자 962개를 포함하여 유전자 발현이 증가된 유전자는 총 1,059개 였으며, unknown 유전자 564개를 포함하여 유전자 발현이 증가된 유전자는 총 639개를 얻었다. 이러한 돼지 관절염에서의 활막세포에 의한 유전적 발현 양상으로부터 molecular function, biological process, pathway등을 이용하여 관절염 지표를 작성할 수 있다.분별을 성공적으로 수행하였다.(p<0.05), 맛, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 유의한 차이가 없었다.자체를 악하다고 볼 수 없고 더구나 구원을 이 세상에서의 이탈로 볼 수 없다. 진정한 구원이란 원래 하나님이 보시기에 아름다웠던 그 세상으로의 회복을 포함한다. 이런 면에서 하나님 주권 신앙 하에서 구원이란 전 인격적인 구원, 전 우주적인 구원이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 성도는 세상의 삶과 학문, 예술, 정치, 경제, 사회를 포함한 모든 분야를 하나님의 뜻 가운데서 그 원래의 목적에 부합할 수 있도록 회복시키는 일에 적극 참여해야 한다.자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.i와 K. pneumoniae가 존재하며 확산 중임을 시사한다. 앞으로 CTX-M형 ESBL의 만연과 변종 CTX-M형 ESBL의 출연을 감시하기 위한 정기적인 연구와 조사가 필요한 것으로 생각한다., A2-1, B1-1, B2-1의 경우, 강우 일수 감소 이전과

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

In this scholarly investigation, the focus is placed on the transformative potential of edge computing in enhancing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for the facilitation of autonomous driving. The intrinsic capability of edge computing to process voluminous datasets locally and in a real-time manner is identified as paramount in meeting the exigent requirements of autonomous vehicles, encompassing expedited decision-making processes and the bolstering of safety protocols. This inquiry delves into the synergy between edge computing and extant ITS infrastructures, elucidating the manner in which localized data processing can substantially diminish latency, thereby augmenting the responsiveness of autonomous vehicles. Further, the study scrutinizes the deployment of edge servers, an array of sensors, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, positing these elements as constituents of a robust framework designed to support instantaneous traffic management, collision avoidance mechanisms, and the dynamic optimization of vehicular routes. Moreover, this research addresses the principal challenges encountered in the incorporation of edge computing within ITS, including issues related to security, the integration of data, and the scalability of systems. It proffers insights into viable solutions and delineates directions for future scholarly inquiry.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1962

Immune response to two methods of Newcastle disease virus vaccine, one inactivated and the other attenuated was observed and the data presented. (1) Administration of inactivated virus vaccine in an amount of 1.0 ml. by intramuscular route gave an appreciable immunity to Newcastle disease for a period of at least three-and-half months. (2) The chickens given attenuated virus vaccine in the drinking water produced satisfactory immunity as manifested by the fact that immunized birds showed resistance when challenged 105 days after the vaccination and maintained high degree of HI titer for a period of 75 days. (3) Vaccination with the attenuated virus vaccine in drinking water is very simple and time saving in procedure, although the duration of immunity seems to be slightly shorter than that proced by inactivated virus vaccine. The author wishes to express his appreciation, to Drs. Kyu Myung Lee, Chang Koo Lee, and Ryong Sook Kee of their suggestions and help. The author is also indebted to Dr. Chang Hi Lee, Director of Anyang Veterinary Laboratory, who allowed the use of the facilities of the laboratory, whitout which this experiment could not have been undertaken.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.139-160
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to develop a teaching and learning plan and practical performance assessment tools for the improvement of teenager-parent communication and relationships as well as explore their effects on the communication in the everyday family life; and (ii) to find the underlying problems of teenager- parent communication through conversation analysis and to provide a improved dialogue model. We provided the experimental group with a performance task of communication training between teenagers and their parents in the real family situation while the control group practiced communication skills in a learning situation. However for both classes, before and after performance tasks were equally provided. The experimental group exhibited a longer conversation time with their parents, better communication skills, and higher degrees of relational satisfaction than the control group. Conversation analysis revealed that the experimental group reduced the use of blocking techniques in the teenager-parent conversations more than the control group, and all so raised the frequency of functional communications more than the control group. In both areas of communication in the experimental group was significantly improved, Most notably, a problem-solving case through no-lose conflict resolution methods was effective, succeeding by 70% in the e experimental group and 43.3% in the control group. Parents use blocking techniques like admonition, lecturing, blaming. sarcastic remarking, ordering and so forth, while teenagers use dispute, avoidance, blaming, and teasing in this order. The communication problems during the conversation process, teenagers' evasive and rebellious way of speaking instigates adverse communication responses from parents, so their conversation tends to unfold as ambiguous evasion opposed to: inquiring or evasion by short answers vs. ordering-preaching, or disputing vs. criticizing-making sarcastic, disputing vs. disputing-teaching, and criticizing vs. criticizing.