• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 1999

Background: In recent years, tuberculosis has re-emerged as a major health problem in both industrialized & developing countries. Recent advances in identifying & purifying antigens secreted in active tuberculosis infection have lead to the development of serological assays based on a number of immunodominant antigens. To date, the most sensitive and specific of these antigens has been the 38-kDa antigen. Method: Two rapid membrane-based serologic assays using antigen(38-kDa) from mycobacterium tuberculosis for the diagnosis of tuberculosis were evaluated in 22 patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 14 patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, and 9 patients with non-tuberculous lung disease. Result: The evaluation of validity(sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positivity and false negativity) of STAT-PAK ULTRA FAST$^{(R)}$ were 77.3%, 28.6%, 63.0%, 44.4%, 71.4 %, and 22.7% for differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, respectively. The evaluation of validity of STAT-PAK ULTRA FAST$^{(R)}$ were 77.3%, 33.3%, 73.9%, 37.5%, 66.7%, and 22.7% for differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis. The evaluation of validity of ICT Tuberculosis$^{(R)}$ were 54.5%, 57%, 66.7%, 44.4%, 42.9%, and 45.5% for differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. The evaluation of validity of ICT Tuberculosis$^{(R)}$ were 54.5%, 100%, 100%, 47.4%, 0%, and 45.4% for differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis. Conclusion: We concluded no effectiveness of STAT-PAK ULTRA FAST$^{(R)}$ & ICT tuberculosis$^{(R)}$on serologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the future, further large-scale study should be needed for serologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

Stress due to excess water is one of the most limiting factor for soybeans to high yield under wet climates. This study aimed to identify the photosynthetic responses of soybeans to waterlogged growing condition with 5 soybean varieties by waterlogging for 10 days at V5 and R2 stage, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence decreased more rapidly at R2 stage waterlogging than at V5 stage waterlogging in all soybean tested varieties. The degree of recovery was much more in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong( 95～97% of control) than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong at 5 days after waterlogging. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were also increased more rapidly in Pungsannamulkong and Muhankong than in Jangyeobkong and Myungjunamulkong after waterlogging irrespective of waterlogging stages. As the result of multiple regression analysis in order to identify the effects of stomatal conductance and transpiration to the photosynthetic rate, the R2 value of stomatal conductance in control and waterlogging treatment was 0.7293 and 0.7582, respectively. If the transpiration, another dependent variable, was added to the regression formula, there was not so big difference in the variation of photosynthetic rate. This result means that if just one factor of them(the stomatal conductance and transpiration) be measured in the case of waterlogged condition, the changes of photosynthetic rate can be estimated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2000

The object of this study was to develop new BNR process using fixed-biofilm which could be applied to retrofit the existing wastewater treatment plant or to introduce as tertiary treatment plant. To achieve complete denitrification from typical raw sewage in Korea, external carbon source must be supplied because $SCOD_{cr}/T-N(NH_4{^+}-N+NOx-N)$of raw sewage was lower than other countries. In this study, the ratio of $SCOD_{cr}/NH_4{^+}-N$ was 2.49 and the influent $NH_4{^+}$-N concentration during the experimental period was varied from 25 to 37 mg/L. To enhance nitrogen removal from the sewage, the two processes using fixed biofilm were adopted as R-Hanoxic/mid.settler/aerobic/anoxic/ aerobic) and R-2(aerobic/mid.settlerlanoxic/anoxic/aerobic), respectively. In the comparison of $NH_4{^+}$-N, T-N effluent quality and T-N removal efficiency in both processes without external carbon source, R-1 process was better than R-2 process for nitrogen removal from raw sewage. With respect to $SCOD_{cr}$/NOx-N ratio and total nitrogen removal in each anoxic reactor of two processes, R-1's was more effective than R-2's for distributing organic matters of raw sewage. In the both processes using fixed biofilm, the amount of required alkalinity to remove unit $NH_4{^+}$-N were 5.18 and 5.76($g{\cdot}CaCO_3/g{\cdot}NH_4{^+}-N_{removed}$), respectively and were lower than activated sludge BNR process(7.14).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.864-869
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• 2006

Purpose : We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of eIPV(Imovax $Polio^{(R)}$) in a group of healthy Korean infants on a three-dose primary vaccination. Methods : Eighty one healthy infants aged 8-10 weeks were enrolled, and 79(male 42, female 37) completed the study. Three doses of eIPV were injected intramuscularly at 2, 4 and 6 months of age as of primary vaccination. Most subjects received concomitant vaccines such as DTaP and/or Hib at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Immediate reactions were monitored for 30 minutes after each injection. Local and systemic events were recorded for 72 hours following each immunization by parents/guardians. Poliovirus specific neutralizing antibodies were measured using enzyme immuno-assay (EIA) at prior to and 1 month after the third dose. An antibody titer of 1:8 or higher was considered seroprotective. Geometric mean titers(GMTs) to each poliovirus type antigen were also measured. Results : One month after the third dose of eIPV, all infants(100 percent) were seroprotective. The geometric mean titers(GMTs) were 1,532(95 percent CI : 1,312-1,788) in type 1 and 835(95 percent CI : 684-1,018) in type 2 and 846(95 percent CI : 692-1,035) in type 3. Overall, local reactions were observed in 10 percent of infants and systemic reactions in 26.2 percent of infants. All reactions were observed within 3 days after vaccination and resolved without treatment. Conclusion : eIPV(Imovax $Polio^{(R)}$) is a well-tolerated and highly immunogenic vaccine. It can be administered either alone or simultaneously with other routine vaccines to Korean infants.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

The effects of rare earth element (R.E.) and cooling rate on the eutectic reaction of flake graphite cast irons were studied by combined analysis of macro/micro-structure and cooling curve data. The correlation between eutectic reaction parameter and macro/micro-structure was systematically investigated. Two sets of chemical compositions with the different addition of R.E. were designed to cast. Three types of molds for cylindrical specimens with the different diameters were prepared to analyze cooling rate effect. The difference between undercooling temperature and cementite eutectic temperature (${\Delta}T_1=T_{U}-T_{E,C}$), which is increased by adding R.E. and decreased by increasing cooling rate, is considered to be a suitable eutectic reaction parameter for predicting graphite morphology. According to the criterion, A-type graphite is mainly suggested to form for ${\Delta}T_1$ over $20^{\circ}C$. Eutectic reaction time (${\Delta}t$), which is decreased by adding R.E. or increasing cooling rate, is a suitable eutectic reaction parameter for predicting eutectic cell size. Eutectic cell size is found to decrease in a proportion to the decrease of ${\Delta}t$.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

Hydrothermal liquefaction of lipid-extracted Tetraselmis sp. feedstock containing 80 wt.% water was conducted in a batch reactor at different temperatures (300, 325, and $350^{\circ}C$) and reaction times (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition and higher heating value obtained at various reaction conditions were used to predict the optimum conditions for maximizing energy recovery of biocrude with good quality. A maximum energy recovery of 67.6% was obtained at $325^{\circ}C$ and 40 min with a high energy density of 31.8 MJ/kg and lower contents of nitrogen and oxygen. Results showed that reaction conditions of $325^{\circ}C$, 40 min was most suitable for maximizing energy recovery while at the same time achieving improved quality of biocrude.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

The diversity of endobacteria in the edible part (cap and stipe) king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was investigated using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The bacterial 16S rRNA libraries were constructed from the body cap (BC) and the body stipe (BS) of the king oyster mushroom. The twenty sequenced BC clones were divided into four groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Firmicutes (40% of clones). While, the twenty sequenced BS clones could be divided into six groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Actinobacteria (40% of clones). The predominant bacterial family from both the cap and stipe of the mushroom was corresponded with the Gram positive bacteria (62.5%).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This study was performed for the identification of Streptococcus sp. from cultured flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) showing streptococcosis in the Jeju island. We isolated 10 strains of Streptococcus iniae from the cultured olive flounders with streptococcosis. Isolated strains were identified in S. iniae since they have formed the expected band through performing PCR assay using specific primers, Sin-1 (5'-CTAGAGTACACATGTACT(AGCT)AAG-3') and Sin-2 (5'-GGATTTTCCACTCCCATTAC-3'). In addition to 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacers (ISR), operon structure of isolated strains showed that all strains had three 16S-23S rRNA ISR band patterns. The 16S-23S rRNA ISR sequence of isolated strains showed 96% sequence identity with S. iniae (GenBank accession number AF 048773). This paper is the first report that S. iniae is associated with streptococcosis of Olive flounder in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

The physical properties of DME(Dimethyl Ether) are very similar to LPG and well-mixed. As cetane number of DME is similar to diesel fuel that can replace diesel fuel and alternative energy. DME is a clean energy source that can be manufactured from various raw materials such as natural gas, CBM(Coal Bed Methane) and biomass. DME has no carbon-carbon bond in its molecular structure and its combustion essentially generates no soot as well as no SOx. The development of DME process in KOGAS have 4 section. First, syngas section can be manufactured various syngas ratio. This completes the tri-reforming process for the synthesis gas ratio of approximately 4.0 to 1.0 range can be adjusted. Second, $CO_2$ is removed from the $CO_2$ removal section of about 92~99%, so the maximum concentration of $CO_2$ entering the DME synthesis reactor should not exceed 8%. Third, in the DME synthesis section, if the temperature of DME reactor increases, the activity of DME catalyst increased. but for the long-term activity is desirable to maintain the proper temperature. Finally, the purity of DME in the DME purification section is over 99.6%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2007

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) oxidize ammonia to nitrite and are important microorganisms which control nitrification. Several environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen(DO), temperature and pH influence the growth of AOB. In this work, to assess the effect of DO concentration on AOB, four aerobic biofilm reactors packed with ceramic media were operated 1, 3, 5 and 7 mgDO/L, respectively. The optimal DO concentration with stable nitrification efficiency in aerobic biofilm reactor was above 5.0 mg/L. To assess the relationship between the DO concentration and the characteristics of AOB in aerobic biofiim reactor, DGGE and cloning based on PCR targeting 16S rRNA and amoA gene were performed. Additionally, INT-DHA activity test was proceeded to estimate the activity of AOB. As the results of DGCE and cloning, the community of AOB and the ratio of Nitrosomonas sp. changed little in spite of different nitrification efficiencies. INT-DHA activity test showed that the activity of AOB decreased as DO concentration decreased. It means that DO concentration does not affect the community of AOB, but the activity of AOB.