• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2000

To enable rapid and convenient soil test, new soil analytical methods, which require only one instrument, UV/Vis spectrophotometer, were developed and named "Soiltek KA-P spectrophotometric methods". The Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric method was compared with standard method of RDA in analytical capability for soil chemical properties. Using the 78 soils collected from upland, paddy, orchard, and vinyl house soils, soil organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg. CEC, available $SiO_2$, and nitrate were analyzed by the two methods. The color stability(ratio of the absorbance at elapsed time t to the absorbance at time t=0) of organic matter. Ca, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ decreased to about 2% within one hour. However, that of exchangeable K, CEC, and nitrate remained constant. The results obtained with Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric method showed highly significant correlation with those measured by the standard method of RDA($R^2$ >0.9501), in which the slopes were near unity of $1.0{\pm}0.05$. The standard deviation values of organic matter, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, CEC, available $SiO_2$, and nitrate were apparently lower than ${\pm}1.8gkg^{-1}$, ${\pm}0.05cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}0.18cmol^+kg^{-1}$, and ${\pm}0.13cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}1.0cmol^+kg^{-1}$, ${\pm}5.0mgkg^{-1}$, and ${\pm}10.0mgkg^{-1}$, respectively. All the measurements showed coefficients of variation of less than 7~17% and were within the confidence level of 95%, which means both the methods are precise. Considering the relative simplicity, low cost, precision and accuracy, the proposed Soiltek$^{(R)}$ KA-P spectrophotometric methods could be recommended as an alternative to standard method.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 1991

In order to determine the antigenic localization in the tissues of the adult Metagonimus yokegawai, immunogoldlabeling method was applied using serum immunoglobulins (IgG) of cats which were infected with isolated metacercariae from Plecoglossus altivelis. The sectioned worm tissue was embedded in Lowicryl HM 20 medium and stained with infected serum IgG and protein A gold complex (particle size: 12 nm) , It was observed by electron microscopy at each tissue of the worm. The gold particles were observed on the tegumental syncytium as well as cytoplasm of tegumental cells and epithelial lamella of the caecum. The gold particles were not observed on the basal lamina of the tegument, interstitial matrix of the parenchyma, the muscle tissue and mitochondria of the tegument. The gold particles were specifically labeled in the secretory granules in the vitelline cells. They were also labeled on the lumen of bladder and egg shell. The above findings showed that antigenic materials in the tissue of adult worms were specifically concentrated on the tegumental syncytium as well as cytoplasm of tegumental cells and epithelial lamella of the caecum.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Purpose: Dedicated animal PET is useful equipment for the study of new PET tracer. recently, microPET R4 was installed in the Korea institute of radiology and medical science. In this study, we measured the characteristics of scanner. Materials and methods: Resolution was measured using a line source (F-18:65 ${\mu}Ci$, inner diameter: 0.5 mm). The line source was put in the axial direction and was moved from the center of field of view to outside with 1 mm interval. PET images were reconstructed using a filtered back-protection and ordered subset expectation maximization. line source (16.5 ${\mu}Ci$, 78 mm) was put on the tenter of axial direction to measure the sensitivity when the deadtime was under 1%. Images were acquired during 4 minutes respectively from center to 39 mm outward. Delayed count was subtracted from total count and then decay was corrected for the calculation of sensitivity. Noise equivalent count ratio and scatter fraction were calculated using cylindrical phantom. Results: Spatial resolution of reconstructed image using filtered back-projection was 1.86 mm(radial), 1.95 mm(tangential), 1.95 mm(axial) in the tenter of field of view, and 2.54 mm, 2.8 mm, 1.61 mm in 2 cm away from the center respectively. Sensitivity was 2.36% at the center of transaxial field of view. Scatter fraction was 20%. Maximal noise equivalent count ratio was 66.4 kcps at 242 kBq/mL. Small animal images were acquired for confirmation of performance. Conclusion: Performance characteristics of microPET R4 were similar with reported value. So this will be a useful tool for small animal imaging.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2020

Purpose Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health, controling cell proliferation or differentiation, strengthening immune function by controlling calcium metabolism in the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to increase the risk of rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Especially, South Korea is one of the highest population proportion of vitamin D deficiency. Accurate determination of levels of 25-OH-VitD or 25-OH-VitD3 in blood serum is required for the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. In this study, radioimmunoassay of 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 was performed and compared to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitamin D radioimmunoassay. Materials and Methods Serum 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. The interrelationship, reproducibility and population distribution rate were evaluated. In addition, the internal quality control was performed at Asan Medical Center from April 2017 to June 2019 and the result of external quality control (Interagency proficiency evaluation) of first and second half of 2018 hosted by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology (KSNMT). Both tests were measured by same manufacturer's reagent. Results 25-OH-VitD showed a strong positive correlation on 97 samples, as 25-OH-VitD3 x 0.9 + 0.3 (R>0.9). In repeated measurement, the average Diff(%) value of the reproducibility evaluation of 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 were 7.7% and 7.4%, respectively. Population distribution results showed no statistically significant differences(p>0.05). The resultant value of internal quality control, which measured from April, 2017 to June 2019 in Blood test room of Nuclear Medicine at Asan Medical Center, showed average (CV%) 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively. As a result of the external quality control (interagency proficiency evaluation) Z value obtained under 2.0, as shown below; Conclusion The interrelationship, reproducibility, population distribution rate, internal quality control and external quality control between 25-OH-VitD and 25-OH-VitD3 radioimmunoassay shows superior outcome. Radioimmunoassay, which can be alone measured in the blood as 25-OH-VitD or 25-OH-VitD3, is considered suitable screening tests for the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass and environmental pollution in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of two designs, such as whole crop barley applied with cattle slurry (WCB) and Italian ryegrass applied with cattle slurry (IRG). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yields of WCB and IRG were 7,520 kg/ha and 10,320 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of IRG significantly increased as compared with that of WCB (p<0.05). The yield of Italian ryegrass in 1st cutting time was about 2-fold higher than that of 2nd cutting time. The contents of crude protein of IRG were higher than that of WCB. However, the contents of NDF, ADF and TDN were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). After the end of experiment, the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water in paddy land cultivated with WCB and IRG were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, yield and feed value of newly developed domestic teosinte (Geukdong 6) compared to widely cultivated silage corn hybrid (31N27) and sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid (P877F). Geukdong 6, a new single cross (Teosinte ${\times}$ Suwon 19) variety, is a teosinte (Zea may L. ssp. maxicana) developed by the Geukdong 6 of agricultural company corporation (GACC) in An-dong province. This field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of silage corn (T1), sorghum x sudangrass hybrid (T2) and Geukdong 6 (T3). Leaf length, number of leaves, number of tillers and fresh yield of T3 were higher than that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). Dry matter yield of T3 was lower than that of T1 (p<0.05). In particular, T3 ($0.1kg/cm^2$) showed to be very tender compared to other T1 ($0.5kg/cm^2$) and T2 ($0.5kg/cm^2$), (p<0.05). The crude protein content of T3 as 8.25% was higher than that of T2 (5.90%), (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences between T1 (8.14%). The brix degree of T2 was higher than that of T1 and T3 (p<0.05). T3 showed higher content of total minerals compared to T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The relative palatability of T3 was higher than T1 and T2 (p<0.05), when fed to deer as soiling crop. However, it showed a lower than T1 in Korean native cattle and korean native goats. The relative palatability of the silage shown in order of T1> T3> T2 in korean native cattle, spotted deer, and korean native goats. As mentioned above the results, Geukdong 6 (T3) could be recommended as using of soiling and lab silage, when high fresh yield, tender stem, number of many leaf, content of high crude protein, and palatability higher than sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid were considered.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop wheat, as a winter forage crop, was grown on mixed-sowing of legume forage and by applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat during the period of 2012~2013. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three different culture methods such as whole crop wheat and mixed sowing combination with hairy vetch or forage pea. The subplots consisted of four different applications of cattle manure (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). The annual amount of dry matter (DM) of whole crop wheat in Gyeongju were higher than those of in Gyeongsan and Yeongju, and the mixed-sowing of hairy vetch mixture was the highest (p<0.05) compared with the single-sowing of whole crop wheat and mixed-sowing of legume in Gyeongju. The DM amounts were increased proportionately corresponded to the applying level of cattle manure, and was found to be significantly (p<0.05) high at the level of 100 and 150 kg/ha groups. With the feed value of forage, the crude protein (CP) contents tended to be higher in the mixed-sowing of legume than the single-sowing of whole crop wheat at the wintering experimental sites of legume. For whole crop wheat, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was the highest in the mixed sowing plots of forage pea in Gyeongsan; however, there was no significant differences among the single-sowing of whole crop wheat. The carrying capacity of Hanwoo (head/ha) was higher (p<0.05) in Gyeongju (3.83 head) than that in Gyeongsan (3.11) and Yeongju (1.35). Further, the carrying capacity in the single-sowing of whole crop wheat was lower than that in the mixed-sowing of legume, and the hairy vetch was the highest among the mixed-sowing groups (p<0.05). Overall, the present results recommend taking into account the wintering for the mix-sowing of legume in Gyeongbuk province. The cattle manure may be applied for legume in the wintering unavailable regions. In addition, applying cattle manure at the level of 100~150 kg/ha and the mix-sowing of legume may increase the productivity per unit area and feed value, including the CP, for improving the carrying capacity of Hanwoo.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

The utility of Bacillus spp. organisms for reduction of dissolved hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture was tested with different combinations of Bacillus spp. microorganisms: combination A (B. subtilis + B. licheniformis); combination B (B. licheniformis + B. amyloliquefaciens); combination C (B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + B. amyloliquefaciens). Of these 3 combinations, C was effective in few hours after addition whereas B needed longer time to be effective. The $H_2S-reducing$ effect of combination C was dependent on the amount of microorganisms added to $H_2S-containing$ test solution. Exposure of white leg shrimp to $H_2S$ at 8 mg/L for 7 days led to survival of 80% and 1 mg/L for 14 days it was 82.5%. The survival rate was 97.5% when combination C was simultaneously added to shrimp tanks during $H_2S$ exposure at 1 mg/L for 14 days. It was demonstrated that combination C microorganisms (B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + B. amyloliquefaciens) can reduce dissolved $H_2S$ concentrations, and this effect can be utilized to protect white leg shrimp from $H_2S$ toxicity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.512-519
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• 2012

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of macsumsuk and herb resources on the performances and meat quality of broiler chickens. Six hundreds (600) broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four groups (4 groups${\times}$50 chickens/group${\times}$3 replica), Control, Treatment 1 (T1; 0.3% macsumsuk), Treatment 2 (T2; 0.3% herb resources), and Treatment 3 (T3; 0.3% macsumsuk + 0.3% herb resources) and fed for 5 wk. T2 group showed higher total body weight gain and average daily gain of 1,812.5 g and 51.79 g, respectively, than the other groups. Control group showed the highest (p<0.05) mortality (8%) and total blood cholesterol (111.8 mg/dL) among experimental groups. T3 group (6.71 mg/dL) showed the highest (p<0.05) while control group (4.50 mg/dL) showed the lowest (p<0.05) in blood IgG levels. Cooking loss was 17.08, 16.14, 16.55, and 15.25%, shear force value was 1.91, 1.52, 1.55, and 1.47 $kg/cm^2$, and water holding capacity (WHC) was 54.40, 55.97, 56.01, and 55.70% for Control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Cholesterol contents in breast meat of Control (88.91 mg/100 g) chickens showed the highest (p<0.05) levels comparing to either T1 (83.59 mg/dL), T2 (82.41 mg/dL), or T3 (80.81 mg/dL) chickens. In conclusion, the current study implies that feeding macsumsuk and herb resources to broiler chickens could decrease cholesterol contents in breast meat.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

Column experiments were performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of soil vapor extraction (SVE) iota TCE (trichloroethylene) and toluene in soil. Homogeneous Ottawa sands and real soils collected from contaminated area were used to investigate the effect of soil properties and SVE operation conditions on the removal efficiency. In column teats with two different sizes of Ottawa sand, the maximum effluent TCE concentration in a coarse sand column was 442 mg/L and 337 mg/L in a fine sand column. However, after 20 liter gas flushing, the effluent concentrations were very similar and more than 90% of initial TCE mass were removed from the column. For two real contaminated soil columns, the maximum effluent concentration decreased 50% compared with that in the homogeneous Ottawa coarse sand column, but 99% of initial TCE mass were extracted from the column within 40 liter air flushing, suggesting that SVE is very available to remove volatile NAPLs in the contaminated soil. To investigate the effect of contaminant existing time on the removal efficiency, an Ottawa sand column was left stable for one week after TCE was injected and the gas extraction was applied into the column. Its effluent concentration trend was very similar to those for other Ottawa sand columns except that the residual TCE after the air flushing showed relatively high. Column tests with different water contents were performed and results showed high removal efficiency even in a high water content sand column. Toluene as one of BTEX compounds was used in an Ottawa sand column and a real soil column. Removal trends were similar to those in TCE contaminated columns and more than 98% of initial toluene mass were removed with SVE in both column.