• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-111
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• 2013

Along with a general growth in living standards there has been a corresponding increase in the demand for tourism. Cruise based tourism, in particular, has become one of the most dynamic and dramatic growth sectors in the tourism industry over the last 20 years, including in the Northeast Asian region. In line with the growth of passenger numbers, the number of cruise ships and their berth capacities has increased significantly since the late 1970s. Korea, as a peninsular nation, has also experienced a rapid growth in cruise passenger numbers. The national economy has greatly benefited from this as the industry acts as an income generator, creating new jobs and potential investments and in developing local tourism. Ports play an important role in the development of any national cruise industry, providing not only ship berths but supply and bunkering facilities and a gateway to local tourism opportunities. The selection of the optimal cruise port location is an important and complex problem because the decision makers have to consider a large number of criteria which have a significant effect on the economy, environment, human life, and society. This paper investigates those criteria that are significant in developing a successful cruise port by employing a questionnaire survey of major cruise port users - shipping companies and tourism companies. The ports, surveyed in this study are Busan, Incheon, Yeosu and Jeju. All have been identified as important potential cruise ports in the Korean Government's 'The 3rd Port Basic Plan (2011-2020)'.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.103-120
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• 2002

In the Baekdong-Hongseong area, the southwestern part of the Gyeonggi Massif in Korea, ultramafic rocks occur as lenses within Precambrian granitic gneiss. At Baekdong area, ultramafic lens contains metabasite boudin which had undergone at least three stages of metamorphisms. The mineral assemblage on the first stage, Garnet+Sodic Augite+Hornblende+Plagioclase+Titanite, is recognized from the inclusions in garnet. The second stage is represented by the assemblage in matrix, Garnet+ Augite+Hornblende+Plagioclase, while the third stage is identified by the Hornblende+Plagjoclase $\pm$ Garnet assemblage in the symplectite formed around garnet. The P-T conditions of the first and the third stages are $690-780^{\circ}C$, 11.8-15.9 kb and $490-610^{\circ}C$, 4.0-6.3 kb, respectively. These data indicate that metabasite in Baekdong area had experienced a retrouade P-T path from the eclogite(EG) - high-pressure granulite (HG)-amphibolite (AM) transitional facies to the AM through HG-AM transitional facies. The core and rim of garnet in country granitic gneiss give $605-815^{\circ}C$, 10.7-16.0 kb and $575-680^{\circ}C$, 5.4-7.0 kb, respectively, indicating that the retrograde P-T path of granitic gneiss is similar to that of metabasite. Trace element data reveals that the tectonic setting of metabasite is island uc. The general geology, the metamorphic evolution, the mineral chemistry and the tectonic setting of Baekdong area indicate that the Baekdong-Hongseong area in Korea is a possible extension of the Sulu collision Belt in China. On the other hand, the Sm-Nd whole rock-garnet isochron ages of metabasites are 268.7-297.9 Ma which are older than the ages of UHP metamorphism (208-245 Ma) in the Dabie-Sulu Collision Belt. The older metamorphic ages suggest that collision between Sino-Korea and Yangtz plates may have occurred earlier in Korean Peninsula than China.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Following the signing of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 2015), the world is expanding greenhouse gas reduction activities through comprehensive participation that includes not only developed countries but also developing countries. Major countries around the world are placing high expectations on the effectiveness of total carbon emissions regulation through the carbon emissions market. However, in order to obtain carbon credits, third-party verification is required based on quantitative carbon reduction data. Accordingly, in this paper, we developed an AIoT high-efficiency street light for carbon emissions and conducted a performance analysis study to measure the luminous efficiency of the lighting fixture. To obtain carbon emissions rights, we used high-efficiency LED PKG, developed our own high-voltage PFC, and developed high-efficiency lighting fixtures capable of communication. For communication, the 2.4GHz LoRa method was adopted between the lighting fixture and the gateway. Lens design was conducted through simulation of Korea Expressway Corporation's standard streetlight types A, B, and C. The performance of the streetlight was verified as being more efficient than other existing products through the measurement of luminous efficiency by an accredited rating agency, and it is expected that carbon emissions rights will be obtained by reducing electrical energy through this.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

The cultivation boundary areas and biological activator efficacies of Vitex rotundifolia, Tetragonia tetragonoides and Glehnia littoralis were investigated. Investigation of coastal areas revealed the East and West cultivation boundary areas of Vitex rotundifolia and Gelhnia littoralis to be the Taean Peninsula, Taean-gun and Gangwon-do, Donghae-City. The East and West coastal cultivation boundary areas of Tetragonia tetrragonoides are Jeollanam-do and Kyeongsangbuk-do, Ulleung-gun. The natural habitat is less than 200 m from the coastal area. Most of the Vitex rotundifolia, Tetragonia tetragonoides and Glehnia littoralis grow naturally in a region of mixed sand, clay and loam, in direct sunlight. No dominant vegetation was located. To analyze anti-inflammatory efficacy, RAW 264.7 cells were used. Vitex rotundifolia, Tetragonia tetragonoides and Glehnia littoralis inhibited inflammation by 37%, 12% and 10% in $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. However, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Glehnia littoralis was invalid. Analysis of anti-cancer activity was accomplished using HL-60 cells. Glehnia littoralis revealed 60% and 72% inhibition activity in $100{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;and\;200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. No cytotoxicity inhibition activity was investigated in Vitex rotundifolia and Tetragonia tetragonoides.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1457-1460
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• 2019

In this paper, we proposed the development of a mixed sensor parts for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarm that can be location-tracked and irradiated. To measure radiation exposure dose, we use the PIN-Diode radiation measurement sensor module, a semi-conductive radiation measurement sensor that can minimize size and weight. The design for removing leakage current is carried out to enhance the characteristics of the radiation measurement sensor using PIN-Diode. The IMU sensor module is used to estimate the location of the current fireman at the same time as the accident estimate by adding together the data and the values for acceleration on the three axis. Experiments were conductied by an authorized testing agency to determine the efficiency of the proposed mixed sensor parts for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarms. The cumulative dose measurement range was measured in the range of 10 μSv to 10 mSv, the highest level in the world. The accuracy was measured from ±6.3% to ±9.0% (137 Cs) and normal operation was found at the international standard of ±15%. In addition, positional accuracy was measured within ±10%, resulting in a high level of results, demonstrating its effectiveness. Therefore, it is expected that more firemen will be able to provide with superior performance integrated radiation exposure protection fireman life-saving alarm.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

우리나라의 서해(West Sea)는 일명 황해(Yellow Sea)라고 일컬어지는 약 40여 m의 평균 수심을 갖는 대륙붕 해저지형 분지에 의하여 지배되는 전형적 육연해이다, 그런데 이 바다는 중심부(황해의 중심부)를 기준으로 하여 중국 대륙의 산동반도에서 양가강 하구에 이르는 서부 해안을 가지며 북부에는 발해만의 해안이 있고 동부에는 서해(황해) 특유의 넓 은 조수환경(tidal environment)과 조수해안이 발달한다. 그러나 남쪽으로는 북서태평양과 연결된다. 한국 서해안이 평균 4m 이상의 조차(tidal range)를 나타내는 조간대 조수환경이 며 조간대 해저지형(intertidal morphology)이 전형적인 퇴적층(체)에 의하여 지배되는 여러 가지 특징을 나타낸다. 서해안 조수환경은 네델란드, 독일 또는 지배되는 여러 가지 특징을 나타낸다. 서해안 조수환경은 네델란드 독일 또는 미국의 경우와 같이 연구가 잘되어 세계 적으로 널리 알려진 소위 barrier island system and tidal depositional environments와는 크 게 다른 퇴적과정과 환경이다. 경기도 남양만의 조수 환경의 경우, 조간대 해저지형 요소인 조류로(tidal channel)와 조간대 정규해저(intertidal zone proper)에 관한 동력적 퇴적과정 연 구결과 조간대 특유의 lateral sedimentation 과 vertical sedimentation 2가지 퇴적과정중 후 자의 퇴적과정이 우세한 것으로 밝혀졌고 이러한 퇴적과정의 진행이 매우 안정한 지속성을 가지는 것이 특징이다, 이러한 퇴적과정의 조간대 퇴적물의 쇄설 입자는 약 20% 미만의 모 래(sand) 입자 50~70%의 실트(silt) 와 점토(clay) 입자가 20~30%에 달하는 입자조직 (grain texture)의 퇴적상을 나타낸다. 결과적으로 조간대의 동력적인 조수수괴의 수위(level of tidal water)는 평균 만조선과 평균 저조선으로 한정되며 이것은 퇴적과정과 퇴적작용의 조정(control) 요인으로 조간대 퇴적상의 발달과 분포에 큰 영향을 미친다, 예를들면 남양만 등의 대부분의 서해안 조간대 표층 퇴적상(녁\ulcorner미 sedimentary faci-es)은 만조선에서 간조 선에 가까울수록 조립화현상(coarsening trend)을 나타낸다. 이러한 퇴적상 변화는 저조선에 서 만조선으로의 조간대 지형과 주조수로의 지형.수력학적 특성이 다음과 같기 때문이다. a) a general decrease in width b) a general decrease in depth c) a general decrease in maximum and average current velocities d) a general increase in contents of suspended mud e) a general decrease in grain size of the bottom sand and an increasing abundance of muddy deposits. 우리나라 서해안 조간대 퇴적층(체)의 수직 층서(vertical stratigraphy)는 지난 3여년동안의 수십개의 vibracoring(주상시추)에 의하여 매우 흥미롭고 중요하게 밝혀지고 있는바 이것은 현세(Holocene)와 선현세(preHolocene: 11000 years BP)의 오랜시간 경과에 따른 조수환경 변화의 수직퇴적 과정과 기후 해수면 변화의 현상에 원인이 있다고 해석된다.(박용안 외, 1992-1995)결과적으로 서해안 조수퇴적체(층)의 분지주변(basim margin)진화과정이 밝혀지 고 있다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1995

In order to characterize the petrogenesis of the E-W trending Imjinganag belt, we studied the metamorphic rocks of the Yeoncheon Group near its type locality, Yeoncheon - Cheongok area, belonging to the southern part of this fold-thrust belt. The Samgot Formation of the Yeoncheon Group consists of calc-silicate and metapsammitic rocks together with amphibolite and amphibole gneiss. Layers of these metamorphic rocks concordantly occur in a wide area with its length greater than 15 km along their strike direction. Major mineral assemblages of the amphibolite are hornblende + plagioclase ${\pm}$ garnet ${\pm}$ diopside ${\pm}$ biotite ${\pm}$ quartz. Accessory rutile and ilmenite are characteristically replaced by titanite. Metamorphic temperatures and pressures estimated from the garnet - hornblende - plagioclase - quartz geothermo-barometers are 632-$736^{\circ}C$ and 7.9-11.1 kbar, respectively. Thus, the regional metamorphism of the study area belongs to the upper amphibolite facies. Furthermore, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr data of garnet, plagioclase, and whole rock of an amphibolite define mineral isochrons of $231{\pm}30$ Ma and $222{\pm}24$ Ma, respectively, suggesting the Triassic metamorphism. These results are consistent with P-T conditions and metamorphic ages reported in the Shandong Peninsula, and support the hypothesis that the Chinese collision belt may extend into the Imjingang belt in the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2010

Increasing human activity due to rapid economic growth and land use change alters the patterns of the Asian monsoon, which is key to crop yields in Asia. In this study, we tested the performance of regional climate model (RegCM3) by simulating important components of Indian summer monsoon, including land-ocean contrast, low level jet (LLJ), Tibetan high and upper level Easterly Jet. Three contrasting rain years (1994: excess year, 2001: normal year, 2002: deficient year) were selected and RegCM3 was integrated at 60 km horizontal resolution from April 1 to October 1 each year. The simulated fields of circulations and precipitation were validated against the observation from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis products and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), respectively. The important results of RegCM3 simulations are (a) LLJ was slightly stronger and split into two branches during excess rain year over the Arabian Sea while there was no splitting during normal and deficient rain years, (b) huge anticyclone with single cell was noted during excess rain year while weak and broken into two cells in deficient rain year, (c) the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation was comparable to the corresponding observed precipitation of GPCC over large parts of India, and (d) the sensitivity experiment using NIMBUS-7 SMMR snow data indicated that precipitation was reduced mainly over the northeast and south Peninsular India with the introduction of 0.1 m of snow over the Tibetan region in April.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2012

In this paper, X-band 60 W Solid-State Power Amplifier with sequential control circuit and pulse width variation circuit for improve bias of SSPA module was designed. The sequential control circuit operate in regular sequence drain bias switching of GaAs FET. The distortion and efficiency of output signals due to SSPA nonlinear degradation is increased by making operate in regular sequence the drain bias wider than that of RF input signals pulse width if only input signal using pulsed width variation. The GaAs FETs are used for the 60 W SSPA module which is consists of 3-stage modules, pre-amplifier stage, driver-amplifier stage and main-power amplifier stage. The main power amplifier stage is implemented with the power combiner, as a balanced amplifier structure, to obtain the power greater than 60 W. The designed SSPA modules has 50 dB gain, pulse period 1 msec, pulse width 100 us, 10 % duty cycle and 60 watts output power in the frequency range of 9.2~9.6 GHz and it can be applied to solid-state pulse compression radar using pulse SSPA.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.229-235
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• 1985

This study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation and statistical analysis on the 88 women with histopathologically confirmed ectopic pregnancies who were admitted and treated from grand opening on May-28, 1983 to Sept.-30, 1985. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 22.2 deliveries and the most common age group was in 30~34 years of age. There was tendency of decreasing incidencies as the gravidity, panty or artificial abortion were over 3. The most common etiologic factor was pelvic inflammatory disease and procedures for family planning were the next common. Common symptoms were lower abdominal pain (85.2%) and vaginal spotting (56.8%). At the admission, hemoglobin level under 10gm% were 44.3%, 69.5% of urine HCG tests were positive. Culdocentesis was positive only in 75.9%. Termination was frequent at 6 ~ 7 weeks of gestation mostly with rupture or abortion. Free blood in the abdominal cavity was averaged 1,224 ml. 4 cases of clinicobiochemically suspected ectopic pregnancies with spontaneous regression were excluded, and there was no fatal case treated in hospital.