• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

This experiment was undertaken to develop triple cropping systems for winter cereal crops for forage, early maturing rice and oats, and to select a winter forage crop in order to determine rice transplanting time at paddy fields in the southern region. Also, the productivity and feed value of the resulting forage crops were examined. When winter cereal crops used for forages are first harvested at the early maturing rice transplanting period, and again harvested during the winter forage crop harvesting period, the fresh yield and dry matter yield of rye were 32.0, 42.3 ton/ha and 5.8, 16.5 ton/ha, respectively, demonstrating higher yields than other winter crops. The early maturing rice, 'Jopyeong', transplanted on June 4 had a lower percentage of ripened grain compared to those transplanted on May 6, and milled rice yield transplanted on June 4 was also decreased by 22%. Thus, the results showed that early transplanting was profitable. Regarding the oats grown during the fall cropping season, the heading date for the oats sown first was on October 10, but the heading was not observed in those sown later. Dry matter yield and TDN yield of the second sowing was less than 50% compared to the first. Consequently, rye may be the most suitable winter forage crop for triple cropping systems. Early transplanting of 'Jopyeong' after rye harvesting before April 30 in addition to timely sowing of oats in the fall season would be profitable for rice and forage production using triple cropping systems in the southern region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

"Seedgreen" (Secale cereal L.), a new rye cultivar was developed by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2013. It was developed from an open pollination from within 10 rye varieties or lines including "Chochun" in 1995. The line "SR95POP-S1-140-9-1-3-7-5-3" was selected for its excellent agronomic appearance, and was placed in yield trials for three years from 2008 to 2010. The new cultivar was designated "Homil50" and was placed in regional yield trials at the five locations around Korea from 2011 to 2013, during which time the name "Seedgreen" was given. This cultivar is an erect plant type and of a long size, with a dark-green leaf color, a yellowish-white colored, medium-diameter culm, and a brown-colored, medium-size grain. The heading and maturation dates of Seedgreen were April 22 and June 16, which were 3 days and 2 days earlier than that of "Gogu", respectively. Seedgreen also showed better winter hardiness and a greater resistance to lodging and wet injury compared to those of the check cultivar. Over three years, the average dry matter yield of Seedgreen was 8.3 ton $ha^{-1}$ (fresh yield = 39.8 ton $ha^{-1}$), which was harvested in late April and was lower than that of the check cultivar Gogu. The seed productivity of Seedgreen was approximately 4 ton $ha^{-1}$, which was 16 % more than that of the check. Seedgreen was higher to than Gogu in term of protein content (10.5% and 9.7%, respectively), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (58.3% and 57%, respectively), and TDN yield $ha^{-1}$ (4.81 ton and 4.77 ton, respectively). This cultivar is recommended as a fall sowing crop in areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures are higher than $-12^{\circ}C$ in January, and as a winter crop for whole-crop forage before the planting of rice or green manure around Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2015

"Youhan" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2012. Youhan has the growth habit of III, a light green and mid-sized leaf, hooded and lax-type spikes. The cultivar showed 107 cm of culm length, 641 spikes per $m^2$. The heading date of Youhan was May 1, which is one day later than that of the check cultivar "Yuyeon" in upland, and 2 days earlier than that of Yuyeon in paddy field. The maturation time was similar to check cultivar Yuyeon on June 4 in upland and May 31 in paddy field. In terms of winter hardiness and resistance to lodging and disease, Youhan also performed better than the check cultivar. The average forage dry matter (DM) yield in the regional yield trial was approximately 12.6 ton $ha^{-1}$ and 12.0 ton $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 6% and 5% higher than that of the check. The yield also showed 7.3% of crude protein, 26.8% of ADF (acid detergent fiber), 47.8% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber), 67.7% of TDN (total digestible nutrients), and a higher grade of silage quality for the whole-crop barley. Fall sowing cropping of Youhan is recommended only in those areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures in January are higher than $-8^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountainous areas of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

In this study measured patient exposure dose for purpose exposure area and peripheral critical organs by using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) from computed tomography (CT), based on the measurement results, we predicted the radiobiological effects, and would like to advised ways of reduction strategies. In order to experiment, OSLDs received calibration factor were attached at left and right lens, thyroid, field center, and sexual gland in human body standard phantom that is recommended in ICRP, and we simulated exposure dose of patients in same condition that equal exposure condition according to examination area. Average calibration factor of OSLDs were $1.0058{\pm}0.0074$. In case of left and right lens, equivalent dose was measure in 50.49 mGy in skull examination, 0.24 mGy in chest, under standard value in abdomen, lumbar spine and pelvis. In case of thyroid, equivalent dose was measured in 10.89 mGy in skull examination, 7.75 mGy in chest, 0.06 mGy in abdomen, under standard value in lumber spine and pelvis. In case of sexual gland, equivalent dose was measured in 21.98 mGy, 2.37 mGy in lumber spine, 6.29 mGy in abdomen, under standard value in skull examination. Reduction strategies about diagnosis reference level (DRL) in CT examination needed fair interpretation and institutional support recommending international organization. So, we met validity for minimize exposure of patients, systematize influence about exposure dose of patients and minimize unnecessary exposure of tissue.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to study on the evaluation of fermentation ability of microbes for whole crop rice silage Inoculant at National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2004 to 2005. We collected 28 strains of microbes from whole crop rice silage. According to acidity and growth ability, 5 strains of microbes was isolated (R4-1, R7-1, R7-2, R10-1, R12-1). The cultures of 4 strains were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum (R4-1, R7-1, R7-2 and R10-1) and one was identified to be Lactobacillus pentosus (R12-1). Whole crop rice was harvested at the yellow ripen stage. It was ensiled in experimental silos (20ℓ capacity) with or without microbial additives (R4-1, R7-1, R7-2, R10-1, R12-1 and three commercial inoculant) and stored at room temperature for 60d. The pH value and acetic acid content of additivetreated silages were lower and lactic acid content was higher than those of the control (p<0.05). There was a trend for acetic acid content to be lowest and lactic acid to be highest in R7-1 treated silage. Crude protein (CP) contents of R7-2 treated silage was higher and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of R7-1 treated silage was lower (p<0.05). Although some strains of inoculant could improve silage quality, L. plantarum R7-1 was more effective as an inoculant for whole crop rice silage. This microbe was named NLRI 401 and registered in the Korea Agricultural Culture Collection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to compare forage production and feed value of winter forage crops at the experimental field of Livestock Division, National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture from 2007 to 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The five winter forage crops used in this experiment were barely ('Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon'), oats ('Samhan' and 'Swan'), wheat ('Kumkang' and 'Woori'), triticale ('Shinyoung') and italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101' and 'Florida-80'). The species having the fastest heading date was wheat (5th April) while the heading date of oats ('Samhan') was the latest as 28th April. The dry matter (DM) content of wheat was the highest among the five winter forage crops. Italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101') showed the highest CP content by 11.2% and oats (Swan) showed the lowest content by 9.8%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were 28.6 and 50.8% respectively. The five winter forage crops have narrow range of total nutrient digestibility (TDN) from 64.0% to 69.1%. Italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101') showed the highest DM yield by 25,951 kg/ha, but the DM yield of barely and wheat low by 13,892 kg/ha ('Yuyeon') and 14,815 kg/ha ('Woori'), respectively. Italian ryegrass and oats have higher forage yield and feed value in Jeju. Also, oats has high grain and forage yield. The results demonstrated oats can cultivate as alternative winter forage crop for whole crop silage barely in Jeju.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.661-672
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• 2006

This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ with AQ $Bond^{TM}$ and Single $Bond^{TM}$. Also by observing the fractured interface under scanning electro-microscope, the fracture pattern and the quality of hybrid layer were analyzed. The possibility of clinical application of all-in-one system which has an advantage to reduce chair time for children with difficult behavior pattern was evaluated, The results obtained are as follows ; 1. There was no significant difference between AQ $Bond^{TM}$ and AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ in shear bond strength and Single Bond showed the highest bond strength with statistical significant difference (p<0.05). 2. Adhesive fracture pattern was mainly observed in both enamel/dentin in AQ $Bond^{TM}$ and AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ group while Single Bond group showed equal numbers for cohesive and adhesive pattern. 3. Under scanning electro-microscope, resin tags observed in AQ $Bond^{TM}$ and AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$ were very weak and tangled while strong and thick tags were shown with many lateral branches in Single Bond. Careful case selection and accurate clinical application is recommended when using AQ $Bond^{TM}$ and AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$considering the result showing its weaker strength than Single $Bond^{TM}$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2001

The utility tunnels are the important facility as a mainstay of country because of the latest communication developments. However, the utilities tunnel is difficult to deal with in case of a fire accident. When a cable burns, the black smoke containing poisonous gas will be reduced. This black smoke goes into the tunnel, and makes it difficult to extinguish the fire. Therefore, when there was a fire in the utility tunnel, the central nerves of the country had been paralyzed, such as property damage, communication interruption, in addition to inconvenience for people. This paper is based on the fire occurred in the past, and reenacting the fire by making the real utilities tunnel model. The aim of this paper is the scientific analysis of the character image of the fire, and the verification of each fire protection system whether it works well after process of setting up a fire protection system in the utilities tunnel at a constant temperature. The fire experiment was equipped with the linear heat detector, the fire door, the connection water spray system and the ventilation system in the utilities tunnel. Fixed portion of an electric power supply cable was coated with a fire retardant coating, and a heating tube was covered with a fireproof. The result showed that the highest temperature was $932^{\circ}c$ and the linear heat detector was working at the constant temperature, and it pointed at the place of the fire on the receiving board, and Fixed portion of the electric power supply cable coated with the fire retardant coating did not work as the fireproof. The heating tube was covered with the fireproof about 30 minutes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2016

Adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2) is characterized by episodes of neurologic symptoms associated with hyperammonemia leading to disorientation, irritability, seizures, and coma. CTLN2 is distinct from classical citrullinemia, which is caused by a mutation of the argininosuccinic acid synthetase (ASS) gene. The serum citrulline level is elevated, while the activity of ASS in liver tissue is decreased. CTLN2 is known to have a poor prognosis if the proper treatment is not taken. We reported a female aged 37 years who developed recurrent attacks of altered consciousness, aberrant behavior, and vomiting. We initially suspected the patient had CTLN2 because of the signs of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, such as altered mentality, memory disturbance, and aberrant behaviors provoked by exercise-induced stress and excessive intravenous amino acid administration. Through her peculiar diet preferences and laboratory findings that included hyperammonemia and citrullinemia, we diagnosed the patient as CTLN2, and SLC25A13 sequencing revealed known compound heterozygous mutations (IVS11+1G>A, c.674C> A). Her parents were heterozygous carriers, and we identified that her older sister had the same mutations. The older sister had not experienced any episodes of hyperammonemia, but she had peculiar diet preferences. The patient and her sister have been well with conservative management. When considering the clinical course of CTLN2, it was meaningful that the older sister could be diagnosed early in an asymptomatic period and that preemptive treatment was employed. Through this case, CTLN2 should be considered in adults who present symptoms of hyperammonemic encephalopathy without a definite etiology. Because of its rare incidence and similar clinical features, CTLN2 is frequently misdiagnosed as hepatic encephalopathy, and it shows a poor prognosis due to the lack of early diagnosis and proper treatment. A high-carbohydrate diet, which is usually used to treat other urea cycle defects, can also exaggerate the clinical course of CTLN2, so proper metabolic screening tests and genetic studies should be performed.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2012

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating some chemical constituents in cereal and dired animal forages. Analysis of forage quality by NIRS usually involves dry grinding samples. Costs might be reduced if samples could be analyzed without drying or grinding. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of sample preparations on prediction ability of chemical composition and fermentation parameter for Italian ryegrass silages by NIRS. A population of 147 Italian ryegrass silages representing a wide range in chemical parameters were used in this investigation. Samples were scanned at 1nm intervals over the wavelength range 680-2500 nm and the optical data recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and scanned in oven-dried grinding and fresh ungrinding condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with four spectral math treatments to reduced the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV) and maximizing the correlation coefficient of cross validation (${R^2}_{CV}$). The results of this study show that NIRS predicted the chemical parameters with high degree of accuracy in oven-dried grinding treatment except for moisture contents. Prediction accuracy of the moisture contents was better for fresh ungrinding treatment (SECV 1.37%, $R^2$ 0.96) than for oven-dried grinding treatments (SECV 4.31%, $R^2$ 0.68). Although the statistical indexes for accuracy of the prediction were the lower in fresh ungrinding treatment, fresh treatment may be acceptable when processing is costly or when some changes in component due to the processing are expected. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict the chemical composition and fermentation parameter of Italian ryegrass silages as routine analysis method in feeding value evaluation and for farmer advice.