• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2016

This study was designed to analyze the chemical compositions of 'Setoka' branch essential oils (SEBO) and to test their biological activities. 'Setoka' is a Citrus species widely cultivated in Jeju Island. At the present, 'Setoka' branches produced by thinning process were mostly discarded as a waste. Therefore, utilization of this branch waste has received much attention. 'Setoka' branch essential oils (SBEO) were prepared by treatment of its ethanol extracts with jojoba oil. SBEO were chemically analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and following components were identified; ethyl linoleate (64.14%), ethyl palmitate (16.50%), neophytadiene (11.06%) and beta-citronellol (5.09%). The anti-inflammatory activity in the SBEO was examined using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with LPS. As a result, the SBEO inhibited nitric oxide (NO) productions with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SBEO showed good anti-microbial activities against drug-susceptible and -resistant skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, which are acne-causing bacteria. Based on these results, we suggest that SBEO has the possibility for use as an anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agent in cosmetic applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1540-1545
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• 2012

To investigate the inhibitory effects of Lespedeza cuneataextract (LC) on photo aging, skin aging was induced by UVB irradiation of hairless mice for 5 weeks. The skin erythema indices for the positive control (PC) and Lespedeza cuneata extract (LC-1%, 3%, and 5%) groups were lower than that of the control group. However, both lipid and water capacities of the PC and LC-3% groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Skin wrinkles in the PC and LC-3% groups formed in a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests. Skin TBARS contents and XO activity in the LC group were lower than those of the control group. The activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the LC-3% group were significant higher than those of the control group. Therefore, Lespedeza cuneata extract could be an effective natural herbal material for the inhibition of skin aging in hairless mice skin.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2009

An investigation was carried out to study the effects of extraction, heat treatment, and storage temperature on functional ingredients of onion. Extracts of onion paste and freeze dried onion were prepared by treatments with several solvents including hot water, methanol, and ethanol, and then contents of functional ingredients such as total phenol, flavonoid, quercetin, and thiosulfinate were determined. The highest levels of functional ingredients were observed in samples extracted using water at 100$^{\circ}C$ or ethanol. The skin extract contained 60-fold more quercetin than onion paste extract, whereas no thiosulfinate was detected in onion skin extract. Heat treatment of onion extracts at 60, 80, 105, and 121$^{\circ}C$ did not effect on the levels of all functional ingredients tested. During four-week storage, the levels of total phenol, flavonoid, and quercetin were not significantly changed regardless of storage temperature. However, the total thiosulfinate was rapidly reduced as the storage temperature increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1080-1085
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• 2019

Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, has mainly been used as a food throughout the Asian countries. In the present study, we prepared the ethanol extracts from leaf (NL), seed (NS), and seedpod (NSP) of Nelumbo nucifera and investigated their anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. NL, NS, and NSP decreased cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner. All extracts increased the expression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene (NAG-1) as well as NAG-1 protein. And also, NL induced the expression of pro-apoptotic NAG-1 protein and PARP cleavage in a time-dependent manner. The PARP cleavage induced by NL treatment, was recovered in part by the transfection of NAG-1 siRNA. We also evaluated the effects of neferine, one of bioactive components of Nelumbo nucifera, on the proliferation and apoptosis in HCT116 cells. It also decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and induced the expression of pro-apoptotic NAG-1 protein and PARP cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, PARP cleavage was recovered in part by the transfection of NAG-1 siRNA, indicating that NAG-1 may be one of the genes responsible for apoptosis induced by neferine. Overall, our findings may contribute to understand the molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mediated by Nelumbo nucifera and neferine.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

Pueraria thomsonii Benth. as a medicinal ingredient, has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat fever, acute dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The effects of P. thomsonii flower on skin have not been reported yet. In this study, the whitening effect of P. thomsonii flower was verified using B16F1 melanoma cells and HS68 fibroblasts. P. thomsonii flower extract reduced melanin contents of B16F1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To identify its active components, we analyzed P. thomsonii flower extract using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, we identified three major isoflavones of tectorigenin, tectoridin, and tectorigenin 7-O-xylosylglucoside. At a non-cytotoxic concentration, the three components also reduced melanin contents of B16F1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The depigmentation effects were attributed to the reduced gene expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). In order to elucidate another depigmentation mechanism, their effects on DKK-1, a fibroblast-derived depigmentation factor, was determined in HS68 cells. As a result, P. thomsonii flower extracts, tectoridin and tectorigenin 7-O-xylosylglucoside, reduced DKK-1 gene expression, while tectorigenin increased DKK-1 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that tectorigenin can be used as an effective whitening agent that inhibit melanin synthesis in melanocytes and promote the secretion of depigmentation factor from fibroblasts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2022

This study is about the development of transparent cleansing water with one of the beta-hydroxy acids (BHA), salicylic acid, and capryloyl salicylic acid, which is one of the lipo-hydroxy acids (LHA). Transparent appearance was stabilized by increasing the solubility of lipophilic salicylic acid and capryloyl salicylic acid in water using ethanol, polyol, and sodium hydroxide, and supplementing suspension and deposition using a double micelle structure of two types of PEG surfactants. Cleansing water applied with this technology was developed, and makeup removing ability and skin texture improvement ability were confirmed using an optical camera and an image analyzer. This solubilization technology is proposed as a new approach of LHA, which has been difficult to apply due to its low solubility in water, and is expected to help in the development of new chemical peeling products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.792-802
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• 2022

In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sophora japonica extracts were investigated to determine the potential of S. japonica as a functional food and medicinal materials. S. japonica was divided into flowers, fruits, and branches, and ethanol extraction was used. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in the flower and fruit extracts than in the branch extracts, but the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity and ORAC value were higher in the branch extracts. Among the ethanol extracts of S. japonica, branch extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the MIC was 0.2 mg/ml. Branch extracts showed bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml or less and bactericidal activity at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml or more. Biofilm biomass production and cell growth of P. gingivalis in the culture medium treated with the branch extract at a concentration of 0.2-2.0 mg/ml were significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the mRNA expression of fimA and mfa1 associated with fimbriae formation in these cultures was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on these results, S. japonica branch extracts can be used as functional food and medicinal materials, as demonstrated by their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against P. gingivalis and the inhibition of biofilm formation resulting from P. gingivalis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2022

The lignite and bituminous coal are mainly used in thermal power plant. They exhaust green house gas (GHG) such as CO₂, and become deplete, thus require alternative energy resources. To solve the problem, the hydrochar production from biomass is suggested. In this study, both hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and solvothermal carbonization (STC) were used to produce high quality hydrochar. To improve the reactivity of water solvent process in HTC, STC process was conducted using ethanol solution. The experiments were carried out by varying the solid-liquid ratio (1:4, 1:8, 1:12), reaction temperature (150~300 ℃) and retention time (15~120 min) using kenaf. The characteristic of hydrochar was analyzed by EA, FT-IR, TGA and SEM. The carbon content of hydrochar increased up to 48.11%, while the volatile matter decreased up to 39.34%. Additionally, the fuel characteristic of hydrochar was enhanced by reaction temperature. The results showed that the kenaf converted to a fuel by HTC and STC process, which can be used as an alternative energy source of coal.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2022

The synthesis of 1,2-alkylaminopropanediols (1,2-AAPs) was designed to improve the hydrophilicity of linear 1,2-alkanediols having 10, 12, 14, and 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. 1,2-AAPs were synthesized by reacting 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) with linear alkylamines having 10, 12, 14 or 16 carbon atoms in an ethanol solvent at 40℃ for 2 h. The yield and purity of four types of 1,2-AAPs synthesized were found to be in the range of 51-58% and 85-99%, respectively. The amine salts of four types of 1,2-AAPs were prepared from a purified paste or solid compound by adding an acidic solution (HCl) to pH 7, and then their solubilities and antibacterial effects were tested. 1,2-decylaminopropanediol, 1,2-dodecylaminopropanediol, and 1,2-tetradecylaminopropanediol were all dissolved in water at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 0.1%, respectively, however 1,2-hexadecylaminopropanediol was not. The antibacterial effect was improved as the length of the alkyl chain increased. As a result of confirming the preservative effect of the lotion (cosmetic formulation) applied with 1,2-AAP for application, it showed very strong antibacterial activity at low concentrations ranging from 0.005% to 0.2%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2022

In this study, the synthesis of 1,2-dodecylaminopropanediol (1,2-DDAP) having a 12 carbon chain length and an amine group was designed to improve the preservation and hydrophilicity of 1,2-alkanediol-based compounds. 1,2-DDAP was prepared by reacting dodecylamine (DDA) with 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) in an ethanol solvent at 40 ℃, and its yield and purity were about 56% and 98%, respectively, under a reaction condition of 2 h and a DDA:3-MCPD molar ratio of 1:0.8. The antimicrobial effect of 1,2-DDAP showed the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against microorganisms at concentrations of 10 to 100 times lower than those of 1,2-octanediol(1,2-ODIOL) or 1,2-decanediol (1,2-DDIOL). Based on the hydrophilic properties of 1,2-DDAP, mixed preservatives were prepared by adding small amounts of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL, which are poorly soluble in water, with 1,2-DDAP. Mixed preservatives exhibited an effect of inhibiting microorganisms equal to or greater than that of 1,2-DDAP alone in antimicrobial activity tests. As a result of confirming the preservation effect in lotion (cosmetic formulation) for application, 1,2-DDAP showed similar antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 0.3 to 0.6 times lower than that of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL. Therefore, it is considered that the use of 1,2-DDAP alone and the mixed use with small amounts of 1,2-ODIOL or 1,2-DDIOL can be a good alternative to preservatives in the product.