• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

In this study, physiological changes in a thermotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 cell exposed to 48-hour alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ were investigated. After 12 hours of alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$, the $C_{16:1}$ unsaturated acid of plasma membrane increased to 1.5 times more than the $C_{16:0}$ saturated fatty acid, and to about 2 times more for the $C_{18:1}$ unsaturated fatty acid. Fermentation at both $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ fermentation showed the same pattern as that done at $40^{\circ}C$. The pH of the alcohol-fermentation medium was reduced to pH 4.1 from a starting pH of 6.0 through the 12-hr fermentation and then maintained this level during the continuing fermentation. With the process of fermentation, the remaining glucose was reduced, but its amount remaining during the $40^{\circ}C$-fermentation was less reduced than those fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. In the study investigating the changing pattern of cellular proteins in the alcohol-fermenting cells, the SDS-PAGE and 2-D data indicated the most expressed dot was phosphoglycerate kinase, which is one enzyme involved in glycolysis. Why this enzyme was most expressed in the cells exposed to unfavorable conditions such as high temperature, increasing concentration of produced alcohol and long time exposure to other stress factors remains unsolved.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

In this study, the feasibility of utilizing wood chips from pitch pine (Pinus rigida) was evaluated for bioethanol production by an organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. When wood chips from pitch wood were pretreated with 75% (v/v) ethanol and 1.7% sulfuric acid as a catalyst at H-factor 2000, average pulp yield was 43.3%, which pretreated wood fibers showed higher glucan (55.8%) and lower lignin (12.2%) contents than untreated control (43.9% glucan and 27.8% lignin). After enzymatic saccharification, the organosolv pulps with 56.2% delignification rate reached above 97% conversion rate of cellulose to glucose. These results indicated that increasing the delignification rate causes micro pores on the surface of organosolv pulps resulting in improved the accessibility of enzyme onto the substrate. Moreover, it was in agreement with the SEM examination of wood fibers.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.787-790
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• 2001

Emulsified transesterification of soybean oil into biodiesel was investigated using potassium hydroxide and sodium methoxide catalysts with methyl glucoside oleic polyester as a methanol-in-oil emulsifier. The transesterification reaction conditions were optimized to obtain high yields of fatty acid methyl esters of the quality defined by biodiesel standards. The developed process resulted in $95{\sim}96%$ of overall yield from soybean oil by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis at $45^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature with 6:1 of methanol-to-oil molar ratio and l(v/v)% methyl glucoside oleic polyester in the presense of 0.8wt% KOH and 1.2wt% $NaOCH_3$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol and biodiesel-diesel blended fuels on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions, and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine. The three types of test fuel were biodiesel and two blended fuels which were added ethanol and diesel by 20 % volume based fraction into biodiesel, respectively. In this study, the injection rate, combustion pressure, exhaust emissions and size distributions of particulate matter were measured under various injection timings and injection pressures. The experimental results show that biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel has lengthened ignition delay and low combustion pressure in comparison with those of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blended fuel even if all fuels indicated similar trends of injection rate under equal injection pressures. In addition, the ethanol blended fuel significantly reduced nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and soot emissions. And then the size distribution of particulate matters shows that blended fuels restrain the formation of particles which were beyond the range of 150nm comparison with biodiesel fuel.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 2017

Hyperthermal acid hydrolysis pretreatment of Eucheuma denticulatum was carried out using 12% (w/v) seaweed slurry and 90 mM $H_3PO_4$ at $150^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The use of Candida lusitaniae with adaptive evolution was evaluated for ethanol fermentation. The levels of ethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) at 72 h with non-adapted and adapted C. lusitaniae were 10.1 g/l with ethanol yield ($Y_{EtOH}$) of 0.23, and 18.1 g/l with $Y_{EtOH}$ of 0.45, respectively. Adaptive evolution was employed in this study to improve the efficiency of ethanol fermentation. Development of the SHF process could enhance the overall ethanol fermentation yields of the red seaweed E. denticulatum.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.117-119
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• 1984

To find toxic components in Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Naematoloma fasciculare which had caused several cases of lethal intoxication were examined for toxicity. The components of high molecular weight were separated by ethanol precipitation and dialysis from the aqueous extract of the carpophores. After the components were freeze-dried, a brown powder was obtained. When a dose of 60mg/kg of this macromolecular fraction was intraperitoneally injected into mice, the mice began to die in six days and a half of them died within seven days. This toxic component was named nematoxin after the genus name of the mushroom.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.282-286
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• 2013

The seaweed, Gelidium amansii, was fermented to produce bioethanol. Optimal pretreatment condition was determined as 94 mM $H_2SO_4$ and 8% (w/v) seaweed slurry at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. The mono sugars of 40.4 g/L with 67% of conversion from total carbohydrate of 60.6 g/L with 80 g dw/L G. amansii slurry were obtained by thermal acid hydrolysis pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. G. amansii hydrolysate was used as the substrate for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus KCTC 7150 and Candida tropicalis KCTC 7212 using 5L fermentor. The ethanol productions by K. marxianus KCTC 7150 and C. tropicalis KCTC 7212 were 17.8 g/L with $Y_{EtOH}$ of 0.48 at 120 h and 19.3 g/L with $Y_{EtOH}$ of 0.50 at 120 h, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.315-318
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• 2013

Ethanol fermentations were performed using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) processes with monosaccharides from pretreated seaweed, Eucheuma spinosum as the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out with 11% (w/v) seaweed slurry and 150 mM $H_2SO_4$ at $121^{\circ}C$ for 40 min. Enzyme hydrolysis after $H_2SO_4$ pretreatment was performed with Celluclast 1.5 L at $45^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Five % active charcoal were added to hydrolysate to removed 5-hydroxy methylfurfural. Ethanol fermentation with 11% (w/v) seaweed hydrolysate was performed for 72~96 h using Kluyvermyces marxianus, Pichia stipits, Saccharomyces cervisiae and Candida tropicalis. Ethanol concentration was reached to 18 g/L by K. marxianus, 16 g/L by P. stipitis, 15 g/L by S. cerevisiae and 10 g/L by C. tropicalis, respectively. The ethanol yield from total monosugar was obtained 0.50 and ethanol productivity was obtained 0.38 g/L/h by K. marxianus.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

The Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding in children. The bleeding results from an abnormally large submucosal artery that protrudes through a small mucosal defect. The lesion is commonly found on proximal stomach. Surgical intervention was believed to be the best treatment in the past, but recent advancement in endoscopy has made effective hemostasis possible. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy with underlying mycoplasma pneumonia with effusion who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding was controlled with endoscopic treatment by epinephrine and ethanol injection and the patient was successfully treated.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2018

중국유(中國柚)의 주요성분은 비타민 C가 레몬보다 10배나 많이 함유되어 있고 또한 과피 안쪽에 펙틴 성분이 다량으로 함유되어 있다. 특히 과피가 일반 감귤류 보다 10배 이상 두꺼워 비타민P의 ?량 또한 다량으로 함유되어 있다. 즉, 유기산, 비타민P와 비타민C가 매우 많이 함유되어 있어서 예로부터 중국에서는 감기와, 피부노화, 피로를 방지하는데 사용되어져 왔으며 이러한 효능은 유기산에서도 많이 발생되었다. 그 밖에 비타민B군과 당질, 단백질등이 다른 감귤류 품종보다 많고, 모세혈관을 보호하는 헤스페리딘(비타민P)이 다량으로 함유되어 있어서 심혈관 질환 장애와 뇌졸증, 뇌출혈 등을 억제하는 효과를 가지고 있다. 또한 몸 안에 쌓여 있는 노폐물 등을 밖으로 배출시켜주는 효과가 양호하여 피부미용에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 중국유(中國柚)의 항산화활성과 총 폴리페놀 함량을 조사하였던 바, 과육보다 과피에서 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났으며 항산화 활성도 과피에서 매우 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 중국유(中國柚)의 품종별로 보면 과피가 두껍고 과육이 붉은색을 띈 품종에서 항산화 효과가 더 양호한 반응을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 과육에 함유되어있는 안토시아닌의 함량의 차이인 것으로 생각된다. 특히 과피가 과육의 추출과정에서 에탄올보다 메탄올 추출물에서 더 양호한 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어볼 때 중국유(中國柚)의 항산화 활성은 천연화장품의 신소재로서의 가치를 가지고 있다고 판단된다.