• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 2012

We present a continuous cell separator that achieves density-dependent and size-independent cell separation based on the net force of gravity and buoyancy forces on the cells in dissimilar density fluids. Previous cell separators are, based on the size or dielectrophoretic property of the cells and, are suitable for size-dependent and density-independent cell separation. However, these properties can make it difficult to collect the same types of cells with the same density but with size variations. The present separator, however, is capable of collecting the same types of cells based on the cell density in the fluid. Regardless of cell size, the proposed chip isolates low density cells, (white blood cells, or WBCs) at the upper outlet while obtaining high-density cells (red blood cells, or RBCs) from the lower outlet based on density. Efficiency levels for separation of WBCs and RBCs were $90.9{\pm}9.1%$ and $86.4{\pm}1.99%$, respectively. The present separator therefore has the potential for use in the pretreatment of whole blood.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3A
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

The present study applied the external post tensioning reinforcement method for reinforcing a non-ballast steel plate girder railway bridge, and the effects of the strength of tendons and the level of post-tensioning force on the dynamic behavior are experimented and analyzed. According to the results of this study, the natural frequency was increased by the strength of tendons but it was decreased by the rise of post-tensioning force and as a consequence the introduction of post-tensioning force decreased natural frequency slightly. It was analyzed that further study is need to establish the exact relations between post-tensioning force and natural frequency. In addition, it was found that the dynamic displacement, dynamic bending stress and vertical acceleration were decreased by the external post-tensioning. On the other hand, external post-tensioning increased horizontal acceleration by up to 20%, which was around 70% of vertical acceleration. This needs further study.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.403-412
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• 2006

The effect of a wall temperature on the soot deposition process from a diffusion flame to a solid wall was investigated in a microgravity environment to attain in-situ observations of the process. The fuel for the flames was an ethylene ($C_2H_4$). The surrounding oxygen concentration was 35% with surrounding air temperatures of $T_a=600K$. In the study, three different wall temperatures. $T_w$=300, 600, 800K, were selected as major test conditions. Laser extinction was adopted to determine the soot volume fraction distribution between the flame and burner wall. The experimental results showed that the maximum soot volume fractions at $T_w$=300, 800 K were $8.8{\times}10^{-6},\;9.2{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively. However, amount of soot deposition on wall surface was decreased because of lower temperature gradient near the wall with increasing wall temperature. A numerical simulation was also performed to understand the motion of soot particles in the flame and the characteristics of the soot deposition to the wall. The results from the numerical simulation successfully predicted the differences in the motion of soot particles by different wall temperature near the burner surface and are in good agreement with observed soot behavior that is, the 'soot line', in microgravity.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

The deposition behavior of soot particles in a diffusion flame along a solid wall was examined experimentally by getting rid of the effect of natural convection utilizing microgravity environment. The microgravity environment was realized by using a drop tower facility. The fuel for the flame was an ethylene ($C_2H_4$) and the surrounding oxygen concentration 35% with the surrounding air velocity of $V_a$=2.5, 5, and 10 cm/s. Laser extinction method was adopted to measure the soot volume fraction distribution between the flame and burner wall. The results show that observation of soot deposition in normal flame was difficult from buoyancy and the relative position of flame and solid surface changes with time. The soot particle distribution region moves closer to the surface of the wall as the surrounding air velocity is increased. And the experiments determined the trace of the maximum soot concentration line. It was found that the distance between soot line and flame line is around 5 mm. That is, the soot particle near the flame zone tends to move away from flame zone because of thermophoretic force and to concentrate at a certain narrow area inside of the flame, finally, to adhere the solid wall.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Harnesses are used in a variety of industries, such as rescue operations, medicine, and entertainment. However, conventional harnesses have problems as they are uncomfortable to wear and causes continuous pain. Therefore, in this study, the load and pressure applied to the body in the flying state when using a conventional harness were measured in real time and the distribution change was observed. Load and pressure were measured using a modified corset harness, a pressure sensor, and a human mannequin to measure the maximum and average pressure on the waist. As a result, it was confirmed that the load concentrated on the waist in the flying state was 104 N, and the pressure was applied to the left and right sides was 800 kPa or greater. The pressure distribution showed a pressure of 3-45 kPa in 73% in all measurable pressures. The results of the load and pressure distribution are presented as basic data for improving the wearability and reducing the discomfort of harnesses in the future, aid in the development of a harnesses that can minimize discomfort for various activities, and increase the concentration on experiential activities. In addition, using the CLO 3D program, which is a 3D virtual wearing system, a harness was put on a virtual model, and the compression level was checked and compared with the actual pressure distribution. As a result of comparing the measured pressure values in the flying state with the clothing pressure wearing the harness in the CLO 3D program, the total pressure value was found to be about 68% of the actual measured value. This helps develop a harness that can minimize discomfort during activities by predicting the load and pressure on the body by first applying new designs to a virtual wearing system during development. These new harness patterns can solve the problems of conventional harnesses.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-274
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• 2013

Inclinometer sensors are widely applied in many fields. Especially in the field of construction of high-rise buildings also measure the horizontal and vertical help has been applied to monitor. Recent micro electro-mechanical system(MEMS) technology with the development of the many sensors have been developed. In this paper, a MEMS inclinometer is based on a MEMS accelerometer. The sensor can measure the angle of inclination using the relationship between static acceleration and gravity acceleration from an accelerometer. From this principle, inclinometer has been developed that has more accurate. The accuracy is proved by the experiment with laser displacement. Results in the experiment express high-accuracy, stability and economics of MEMS inclinometer. In conclusion, wireless MEMS inclinometer sensor is expected to be applicable in the areas of construction and many other industries with accurate and convenient monitoring system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 1999

Experiments on flame spread in an one-dimensional droplet array up to supercritical pressures of fuel droplet have been conducted In normal gravity and microgravity. Evaporating process around unburnt droplet is observed through high-speed Schlieren and direct visualizations in detail, and flame spread rate is measured using high speed chemiluminescence images of OH radical. Flame spread behaviors are categorized into three: flame spread is continuous at low pressures and is regularly intermittent up to the critical pressure of fuel. flame spread is irregularly intermittent and zig-zag at supercritical pressures of fuel. At atmospheric pressure, the limit droplet spacing and the droplet spacing of maximum flame spread rate in microgravity are larger than those in normal gravity. In microgravity, the flame spread rate with the increase of ambient pressure decreases initially, takes a minimum, and then decreases after taking maximum. This is so because the flame spread time is determined by competing effects between the increased transfer time of thermal boundary layer due to reduced flame diameter and the reduced ignition delay time in terms of the increase of ambient pressure. Consequently, it is found that flame spread behaviors in microgravity are considerably different from those in normal gravity due to the absence of natural convection.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.5_3
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• pp.855-866
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• 2017

Several research cases using remote sensing methods to analyze changes of storage and dynamics of groundwater aquifer were reviewed in this paper. The status of groundwater storage, in an area with regional scale, could be qualitatively inferred from geological feature, surface water altimetry and topography, distribution of vegetation, and difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. These qualitative indicators could be measured by geological lineament analysis, airborne magnetic survey, DEM analysis, LAI and NDVI calculation, and surface energy balance modeling. It is certain that GRACE and InSAR have received remarkable attentions as direct utilization from satellite data for quantification of groundwater storage and dynamics. GRACE, composed of twin satellites having acceleration sensors, could detect global or regional microgravity changes and transform them into mass changes of water on surface and inside of the Earth. Numerous studies in terms of groundwater storage using GRACE sensor data were performed with several merits such that (1) there is no requirement of sensor data, (2) auxiliary data for quantification of groundwater can be entirely obtained from another satellite sensors, and (3) algorithms for processing measured data have continuously progressed from designated data management center. The limitations of GRACE for groundwater storage measurement could be defined as follows: (1) In an area with small scale, mass change quantification of groundwater might be inaccurate due to detection limit of the acceleration sensor, and (2) the results would be overestimated in case of combination between sensor and field survey data. InSAR can quantify the dynamic characteristics of aquifer by measuring vertical micro displacement, using linear proportional relation between groundwater head and vertical surface movement. However, InSAR data might now constrain their application to arid or semi-arid area whose land cover appear to be simple, and are hard to apply to the area with the anticipation of loss of coherence with surface. Development of GRACE and InSAR sensor data preprocessing algorithms optimized to topography, geology, and natural conditions of Korea should be prioritized to regionally quantify the mass change and dynamics of the groundwater resources of Korea.