• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.422-422
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• 2021

현대사회에서 플라스틱의 요구량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며 이에따라 생산량 역시 맞춰 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 전세계적으로 플라스틱으로 인해 발생하는 폐기물의 양 역시 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 플라스틱 재질의 폐기물이 많아지고 있다. 이 중 가장 문제가 되는 폐기물이 바로 미세플라스틱이다. 미세플라스틱은 1㎛ ~ 5mm 미만의 플라스틱으로 그 물리 화학적인 특성으로 인해 회수가 어려우며 외부 환경에 잔류시 독성을 유발할 수 있다. 플라스틱의 약한강도와 열악한 내열성 그리고 유기용매에 취약하다는 단점을 보완하기 위해 첨가하는 화학물질로 인해 내분비계교란물질을 발생시켜 생명체의 내분비계를 교란시켜 최종적으로 성기능장애를 유발한다. 또한 미세플라스틱의 표면은 유기염류성 살충제와 같은 잔류성오염물질(POPs persistent organic pollutants)사이의 흡착성이 크기 때문에 미세플라스틱은 POPs 농도를 주변보다 최대 백만배 높게 만들 수 있다. 미세플라스틱의 분석은 표준화된 방식이 없어서 제각각이지만 대체로 미세플라스틱 표면에 응집된 유기물을 처리하는 전처리, 미세플라스틱의 농도를 분석하는 정량분석, 그리고 미세플라스틱의 성분을 분석하는 정성분석의 과정을 거쳐서 진행된다. 이러한 미세플라스틱의 분석법을 기반으로 하수처리장에 유입되는 하수의 미세플라스틱 분석방법을 제안하면 다음과 같다. 우선 유입수로부터 미세플라스틱을 따로 분리하기 위해 체거름을 진행했다. 이후 유입하수의 성상에 맞는 적정 전처리 방법을 알아내기 위해 유기물을 제거하기 위한 산화방식으롷서 과산화수소수, 80℃의 과산화수소수, 그리고 펜톤산화의 서로 다른 3가지 방식을 사용했다. 이후 이어지는 정량분석과 정성분석결과를 비교하여 유입하수에 가장 최적인 미세플라스틱 측정방법을 알아보고자 한다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2011

Weathering can reduce rock strength and eventually affect the structural stability of a rock mass, which is important in the field of engineering geology. Several methods have been developed to evaluate the degree of weathering, including the chemical weathering index. In this study, we analyzed the weathering degree and characteristics of microtextures and pores in crystalline rocks (gneiss and granites) based on petrographic observations, the chemical weathering index, mineralogy by XRD, microtextural analysis by SEM/EDS, measurements of pore size and surface area by the BET method, and microporosity by X-ray CT. The formation of secondary minerals and microtexture in gneiss and granitic rocks are assumed to be affected by complex processes such as dissolution, precipitation, and fracturing. Hence, it is clear that some chemical weathering indices that are based solely on whole-rock chemistry (e.g., CIA and CWI) are unable to provide reliable assessments of the degree of weathering. Great care is needed to evaluate the degree of chemical weathering, including an understanding of the mineralogy and microtexture of the rock mass, as well as the characteristics of micropores.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

To compare the microstructure and electrochemical properties between two binary alloys (Cr-Si, Ni-Si), two composition of binary alloys with the same capacity were selected using phase-diagram and prepared by matrix-stabilization method to suppress the volume expansion of Si by inactive-matrix. Master alloys were made by Arc-melting followed by fine structured ribbon sample preparation by Rapid Solidification Process (RSP, Melt-spinning method) under the same conditions. Also powder samples were produced by wet grinding for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. As predicted from the phase diagram, only active-Si and inactive-matrix ($CrSi_2$, $NiSi_2$) were detected. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) show that Cr-Si alloy has finer microstructure than Ni-Si alloy, which was also predictable through phase diagram. The electrochemical properties related to microstructure were evaluated by coin type full- and half-cells. Separately, self-designed test-cells were used to measure the volume expansion of Si during reaction. Volume expansion of Cr-Si alloy electrode with finer microstructure was suppressed significantly and improved in cycle capability, in comparison Ni-Si alloy with coarse microstructure. From these, we could infer the correlation of microstructure, volume expansion and electrochemical degradation and these properties might be predicted by phase diagram.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.275-283
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• 2021

This study presents the development of cell-based microfluidic chips for the performance of acute eye irritation tests due to chemicals and examined some of their applications. Microfluidic chips were fabricated by photolithography and soft lithography, and they had three compartments with different areas for cell culture. Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were used for the eye irritation test. The death of cells cultured inside the chip was monitored at regular time intervals after treatment with an aqueous solution of chemicals, and the cell death rate constants were calculated based on the viability curve. The performance of the microfluidic chip was verified by examining the effects of cell-cell junctions, cell-substrate adhesion, and initial cell numbers compared to cell death rates. Eye irritation tests were performed at various concentrations of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a standard substance for the eye irritant test. The cells were exposed to the SDS aqueous solution for 300 s, and the resulting eye irritation was assessed by cell viability. Finally, the equation for calculating the toxicity score (TS) was derived based on the weighting factor for each compartment in the chip. The cell-based microfluidic chip developed in this study may be used for eye irritation tests from chemicals used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

In this study, the accumulation and distribution routes of microplastics in soil environment were examined, and their analytical methodologies were summarized. Density separation and removal process of inhibition materials were introduced for the separation of microplastics in soil and the basic principles and limitations of quantitative and qualitative analyses including pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, µ-Raman spectrometry, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and microscopes were investigated. Chemical extraction methods for the analysis of mediated hazardous substance (additives and sorbed matters) in microplastics were also discussed with focusing on in vitro bioaccessibility assay for the human oral exposure route. Based on the described methodologies for the analysis of microplastics in soil, it is expected that these methods enable to select appropriate analysis techniques in consideration of medium state, contamination level and sample quantity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.535-553
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• 2006

Various aspects of air quality problems caused by aerosols in Seoul are discussed. Based on the measurement data, it was found that the general air quality in Seoul has improved during last twenty years. However, PM10 concentration in Seoul is still higher than other cities in Korea and worldwide. At Seoul, it was suggested that secondary aerosols are as important as aerosols directly emitted in Seoul or transported from outside.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.250-250
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• 2003

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 2023

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is one of the essential important mechanisms for biomolecule preconcentration devices as well as a fundamental transport phenomenon found in electrodialysis, electrochemical cell, etc. The ICP triggered by externally applied voltage enables the biomolecular analyte to be preconcentrated at an arbitrary position by a locally amplified electric field inside the microchannel. Conventional preconcentration methodologies using the ICP have two limitations: uncertain equilibrium position and hydrodynamic instability of preconcentration plug. In this work, a new preconcentration method in the dead-end microchannel around cation exchange membrane was numerically studied to resolve the limitations. As a result, the numerical model showed that the analyte was concentrated at a shock front developed in a geometrically confined dead-end channel. Furthermore, the electrokinetic behaviors for preconcentration dynamics were analyzed by changing microchannel's applied voltage and volumetric charge concentration of microchannel as key parameters to describe the dynamics. This work would provide an effective means for a point-of-care platform that requires ultra-fast preconcentration method.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.205-220
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• 2000

북동태평양 C-C지역의 우리나라 광구에서 산출되는 망간단괴의 내부조직을 크게 주상조직 층상대, 첨상조직 층상대, 첨상조직 괴상대, 첨상조직 다공질대 및 괴상조직 괴상대로 구분하였다. 주상조직 층상대에서는 버나다이트(vernadite)가 가장 우세하게 산출되며, 첨상조직 층상대에서는 부서라이크(buserite)가 함께 산출된다. 첨상조직 괴상대는 부서라이트의 산출이 두드러지며, 부분적으로 토도로카이트(todorokite)가 수반된다. 첨상조직 다공질대는 첨상체 또는 구상체로 이루어지며 부분적으로 괴상조직으로 교대되는데 주로 토도로카이트와 부서라이트로 구성되어 있다. 괴상조직을 갖는 괴상대에서는 토도로카이트와 버네사이트(birnessite)가 부서라이트와 함께 산출된다. 각 조직대별로 미세조직을 이루는 엽리들에 대해 전자현미분석을 실시하였다. 엽리의 화학조성을 구성하는 요인은 상관계수 군집분석에 의해 Mn-K의 Mn군, Cu-Ni-Zn-Mg(Ca-Na)의 Cu-Ni-Mg군 Fe-Co-Ti(Ca-P)의 Fe군과 Si-Al의 Si군 등 네 개군으로 구분된다. 각 조직대는 세 개 또는 네 개의 군으로 구성되며 이들 각군은 단괴에서 산출되는 광물과 밀접한 관계를 가진다. Mn군은 토도로카이트, Cu-Ni-Mg군은 부서라이트, Fe군은 함코발트수산화철광물, 그리고 Si군은 규산염광물에서 주로 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. 엽리의 화학조성은 이들 광물의 조합과 구성광물의 화학조성에 따라 지배되고 한 조직대내에서도 여러종류의 조합을 보이는데 이는 각 조직대의 엽리들의 성인과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 기계와재료
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2013

최근 식품, 정밀화학, 바이오와 같은 다양한 산업분야에서 건조 기술에 대한 관심이 늘고 있다. 이에 다양한 피건조물의 건조를 위하여 다양한 건조기술이 사용되고 있으며, 그 중에서 동결건조 기술은 물리적/화학적 안전성, 생화학적 보존성 및 복원성 등의 특성을 갖기 때문에 각광받고 있다. 이러한 동결건조 기술을 기반으로 미세 입자 형태의 분말 제조를 가능하게 하기 위하여, 한국기계연구원에서는 고효율의 분무동결건조를 위한 장치의 개발을 진행하고 있다.