• Title/Summary/Keyword: 미세유체장치

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Phase-Separation Properties of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) had Dextran Solutions In Microfluidic Device (미세 유체장치 내에서 Poly(Ethylene Glycol)과 Dextran 용액의 상 형성 특성 연구)

  • Choi, Joo-Hyung;Chang, Woo-Jin;Lee, Sang-Woo
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.244-249
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    • 2007
  • Fluidic conditions for the separation of phases were surveyed in a microfluidic aqueous two-phase extraction system. The infusion ratio between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran solution defines the concentrations of each polymer in micro-channel, which determine the phase-separation. The appropriate ratio between PEG (M.W. 8000, 10%, w/v) and dextran T500 (M.W. 500000, 5%, w/v) in order to perform the separation of phases of both polymers was observed as changing the mixed ratio of both polymers. Based on the fluidic conditions, stable two-phase solutions were obtained within 4% to 8% and 3% to 1% of PEG and dextran, respectively. In addition, the characteristics of the two-phase were discussed. The separation technique studied in the paper can be applied for the implementation of a lab-on-a chip which can detect various biological entities such cells, bacterium, and virus in an integrated manner using built in a biosensor inside the chip.

Analysis of Morphological Change of Polar Bacterium using Microfluidic Device with Temperature Gradient (온도 구배가 있는 미세유체 장치를 이용한 극지 미생물의 형태 변화 분석)

  • Jeong, Seong-Geun;Park, Aeri;Jeong, Heon-Ho;Hong, Soon Gyu;Lee, Chang-Soo
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.278-284
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    • 2014
  • We present microfluidic method to rapidly analyze the effect of temperature on the change of morphologies of Antarctic bacteria (Pseudoalteromonas sp., Shewanella vesiculosa, Shewanella sp., and Cellulophaga sp.). The microfluidic device is able to generate stable temperature gradient from 7 to$40^{\circ}C$ and dramatically reduce the number of experiments, experimental cost and labor, and amount of sample. Based on this approach, we found that specific bacteria transforming morphology into filament or elongated body strongly depends on cultivation temperature. Interestingly, we found that the morphologies of Pseudoalteromonas sp., Shewanella vesiculosa, Shewanella sp., and Cellulophaga sp. are elongated at below $25^{\circ}C$, above $20^{\circ}C$, above $15^{\circ}C$ and above $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. We envision the microfluidic device is a useful approach to analyze biological events with a high throughput manner.

Effect of Particulate Matter and Ash Amount on Pressure Drop and Flow Uniformity of Diesel Particulate Filter Reduction System (입자상물질과 Ash양이 디젤매연여과장치 내의 배압 및 유동균일도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, YunJi;Han, DanBee;Seo, TaeWon;Oh, KwangChul;Baek, YoungSoon
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 2020
  • Recently, as the fine dust is increased and the emission regulations of diesel engines have been tightened, interest in diesel soot filtration devices has rapidly increased. There is specifically a demand for the technological development of higher diesel exhaust gas after-treatment device efficiency. As part of this, many studies were conducted to increase exhaust gas treatment efficiency by improving the flow uniformity of the exhaust gas in the diesel particulate filter (DPF) and reducing the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of DPF. In this study, the effects of pressure drop by the flow rate and temperature of exhaust gas, DPF I/O ratio, Ash, and PM amount in diesel reduction device were simulated via a 12" diameter DPF and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) using ANSYS Fluent. As the flow rate and temperature decreased, the pressure drop decreased, whereas the PM amount affected the pressure drop more than the ash amount and the pressure drop was lower in anisotropic DPF than isotropic DPF. In the case of DPF flow uniformity, it was constant regardless of the various variables of DPF. In ESC and ETC conditions, the filtration efficiency for PM was similar regardless of anisotropic and isotropic DPF, but the filtration efficiency for PN (particle number) was higher in anisotropic DPF than isotropic DPF.

Performance Evaluation of Hydrocyclone Filter for Treatment of Micro Particles in Storm Runoff (Hydrocyclone Filter 장치를 이용한 강우유출수내 미세입자 제거특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Bang, Ki-Woong;Hong, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.11
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    • pp.1007-1018
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    • 2009
  • Hydrocyclone is widely used in industry, because of its simplicity in design, high capacity, low maintenance and operational cost. The separation action of a hydrocyclone treating particulate slurry is a consequence of the swirling flow that produces a centrifugal force on the fluid and suspended particles. In spite of hydrocyclone have many advantage, the application for treatment of urban stormwater case study were rare. We conducted a laboratory scale study on treatable potential of micro particles using hydrocyclone filter (HCF) that was a combined modified hydrocyclone with perlite filter cartridge. Since it was not easy to use actual storm water in the scaled-down hydraulic model investigations, it was necessary to reproduce ranges of particles sizes with synthetic materials. The synthesized storm runoff was made with water and addition of particles; ion exchange resin, road sediment, commercial area manhole sediment, and silica gel particles. Experimental studies have been carried out about the particle separation performance of HCF-open system and HCF-closed system. The principal structural differences of these HCFs are underflow zone structure and vortex finder. HCF was made of acryl resin with 120 mm of diameter hydrocyclone and 250 mm of diameter filter chamber and overall height of 800 mm. To determine the removal efficiency for various influent concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), tests were performed with different operational conditions. The operated maximum of surface loading rate was about 700 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-open system, and 1,200 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-closed system. It was found that particle removal efficiency for the HCF-closed system is better than the HCF-open system under same surface loading rate. Results showed that SS removal efficiency with the HCF-closed system improved by about 8~20% compared with HCF-open system. The average removal efficiency difference for HCF-closed system between measurement and CFD particle tracking simulation was about 4%.

Disposable Power Generator with Tubular PEMFC and H2 Generator for the Power Source of Microfluidic Devices (튜브형 고분자전해질 연료전지와 일회용 수소발생소자를 결합한 미세유체소자용 전원공급소자)

  • Kim, Kwang-Ho;Seo, Young-Ho;Kim, Byeong-Hee
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.829-835
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    • 2010
  • This paper presents a disposable power generator for microfluidic devices; the power generator has a tubular PEMFC and a $H_2$ generator. The tubular PEMFC has a tubular MEA (diameter: 1.52 mm) that is supported by a spiral wire electrode. The $H_2$ generator supplied $H_2$ to the tubular PEMFC; $H_2$ was generated via the reaction of Al foil (27 mg) and 5 M NaOH (0.12 ml). The open circuit voltage and power density of a unit cell of the tubular PEMFC were 0.81 V and $16.4\;mW/cm^2$ (0.35 V), respectively. The $H_2$ generator generated 11.6 ml $H_2$ for 15min. The power generator was continuously operated for 15 min at 0.64 mW (0.71 V) and for 10 min at 1.06 mW (0.46 V). We experimentally verified that it is feasible to use the proposed power generator as a power source for microfluidic devices; in the experiment, an LED (2.5 mW; 1.8 V) was lit for 10 min by using three serially connected TPEMFCs and one $H_2$ generator.

Reevaluation of hydrogen gas dissolved cleaning solutions in single wafer megasonic cleaning

  • Kim, Hyeok-Min;Gang, Bong-Gyun;Lee, Seung-Ho;Kim, Jeong-In;Lee, Hui-Myeong;Park, Jin-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.34.1-34.1
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    • 2009
  • 1970년대 WernerKern에 의해서 개발된 RCA 습식 세정 공정은 이후 메가소닉 기술 개발과 더불어 현재까지반도체 세정 공정에서 필수 공정으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 반도체패턴의 고집적화 미세화에 따라 메가소닉을 기반으로 하는 세정기술은 패턴 붕괴 및 나노 입자 제거의 한계를 드러내면서 난관에 봉착하고 있으며, 특히, 기존의 Batch식에서 매엽식으로 세정 방식이 전환은 새로운 개념의 메가소닉 기술 개발을 요구하게 되었다. 메가소닉을 사용한습식 세정공정은 메가소닉에 의한 캐비테이션 효과 (Cavitation Effect)에 따른 충격파 및음압 (Acoustic Streaming)에 의한 입자제거를 주요 메커니즘으로 한다. 메가소닉 주파수와 Boundary Layer 두께는, $\delta=\surd(2v/\omega)$($\delta$=두께, v=유체속도), $\omega=2{\pi}f$ (f=주파수), 으로 표현할 수 있다. 위의 식에 따르면, 메가소닉을 이용한 세정공정에서 주파수가 높아질수록 Boundary Layer의 두께가 감소하며, 이는제거 가능한 입자의 크기가 작아짐을 의미하며, 다시말해, 1 MHz 보다 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정장비에서 미세 입자 세정에 유리함을 예상할 수 있다. 본연구에서는 매엽식 세정장비를 사용하여, 1MHz 및 2MHz 콘-타입 (Cone-Type) 메가소닉 장치를 100nm이하 세정 입자에 대한 입자 제거효율을 평가하였다. 입자 제거 효율을 평가하기 위하여, 표준 형광입자(63nm/104nm 형광입자, Duke Scientifics, USA)를각각 IPA에 분산시킨 후, 실리콘 쿠폰 웨이퍼 ($20mm{\times}20mm$)를 일정시간 동안 Dipping 한 후, 고순도 질소로 건조시켜 오염하였다. 매엽식 세정장비(Aaron, Korea)에 1MHz와 2MHz의 콘-타입메가소닉 발진기 (Durasonic, Korea)를 각각 장착하였다.입자 오염 및 세정 후 입자 개수 측정 및 오염입자의 Mapping은 형광현미경 (LV100D, Nikon, Japan)과 소프트웨어(Image-proPlus, MediaCybernetics, USA)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, Hydrophone을 사용하여 메가소닉에서 발생되는 음압의 균일도를 각 조건에서 측정하였다. 각각의 세정공정은 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉 발진기 각각에서 1W, 3W, 5W 파워로 1분간 처리하였으며, 매질을 초순수를 사용하였다. 104nm 형광 입자는 1MHz 와 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정기와 모든 세정 공정조건에서 약 99%의 세정효율인 반면, 63nm 형광입자의 경우는 전체적인세정 결과가 80% 대로 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 입자크기의 미세화에 따른 입자제거효율이 크게 감소 하는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 기존 Batch식 메가소닉 대비 단시간 및 낮은 전압에서 동일 혹은높은 세정 효율을 얻었다. 다만, 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉에서의 세정력은 큰 차이를 관찰 할 수 없었는데, 주파수변화에 따른 세정효율 측정을 위하여 미세 입자를 사용한 추가 실험이 필요 할 것이다.

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Analysis of CFD for Flow Discharge in Hard Micro-path of Drip Hose (점적 호스의 경질 미로 유량 변화에 대한 CFD 해석)

  • Kim, J.H.;Woo, M.H.;Kim, S.S.;Kim, D.E.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.58-58
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    • 2017
  • 점적 호스의 원통형 미로 구조물내의 유동특성을 분석하기 위해 금속판에 동일한 구조의 미로가 가공된 시험부를 활용하여 압력과 유량의 변화에 대한 실험을 CFD 해석하였다. 해석은 미로의 길이에 따른 유량 특성을 정밀하게 분석하기 위해 전체 미로에 구간별 총 8개의 배출구를 배치하고 밸브 조절을 통해 구간별 압력에 따른 유량을 측정함으로서 실험에 의한 압력과 유량의 관계를 검증하고 새로운 경질 미로를 설계하는데 응용하고자 한다. 경질 미로의 이론적인 해석에서 정밀도가 실험을 대신할 가능성이 있는지에 관심을 두었다. 점적관수의 경질 미로는 디자인을 달리함으로써 성능이 높고 미세한 스케일이 침착되지 않는 고성능의 점적관수 장치의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. 미로 입구의 공급 유체 압력(Gauge pressure)을 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.0 bar로 나누어 공급하였으며, 8개의 구간별 유출되는 유량은 전자저울에서 측정하였다. 향후 최적 미로의 새로운 설계를 위해 미로구조 전체를 CFD 해석하였고 그 결과를 실험치와 비교 분석하였다. 또한 경질 미로내 각 구간별 세부적인 유동구조를 분석하였고 해석결과와 실험결과를 통해 향후 새로운 경질 구조의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 판단되었다. 경질 미로의 입구압력에 따른 미로의 길이 #1과 #2에 대한 CFD 분석에서는 전체적으로 경질 미로에 압력이 증가할수록 미로의 유체 속도가 증가됨을 알 수 있었으며 이것은 #2에서도 거의 같은 양상을 나타내었다. 미로 통로에서는 와류로 인한 이물질의 멈춤 현상이 발생하지 않을 만큼 흐름이 원활함을 알 수 있었다. 미로의 길이 #3과 #4에 대한 CFD 분석과 미로의 길이 #5와 #6에 대한 CFD 분석에서는 압력이 증가하고 미로의 길이가 길어질수록 속도에도 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 미로와 미로 사이의 넒은 통로에서는 유속이 크게 떨어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이 부분에는 유체속의 이물질이 침착할 수 있는 가능성이 있으며 통로가 좁은 곳에서는 유속이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. #7과 #8은 미로의 상하단으로 유출되는 부분의 차이이므로 실질적으로 해석의 결과는 차이가 없었다. 경질 미로에 대한 압력에 따른 미로의 길이별 유출량은 지수적인 반비례 현상을 나타내어 앞서 실험한 연구의 결과와 1~2% 오차 범위에서 잘 일치하였다. 따라서 점적 호스의 경질 미로에 대한 설계는 이론적인 해석을 통하여 새로운 디자인이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 경질 미로의 미로의 길이에 따른 CFD 분석의 결과는 실험적인 유출량의 값과 거의 일치하였다. 미로와 미로 사이의 넒은 통로에서는 유속이 크게 떨어져 이물질들이 침착될 가능성이 있었으며 실질적으로 넓게 설계하는 것이 유리하지 않을 것으로 판단되었다. 경질 미로에 대한 압력에 따른 미로의 길이별 유출량은 지수적으로 반비례 하였으며 점적 호스의 경질 미로에 대한 새로운 설계는 이론적인 해석을 통하여 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

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Lipid Extraction from Spirulina platensis using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions in Extracts (초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 Spirulina platensis로부터 지질추출 및 지방산 조성 분석)

  • JOO Dong-Sik;CHO Man-Gi;LEE Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.417-422
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to obtain information about the extraction conditions of lipids from microalgae, Spirulina platensis, using supercritical fluid $CO_2$. Regardless of extraction temperature conditions, the extracted lipid contents increased as pressure increased, but decreased at 8500 psi on each temperature. The highest yield of extracted lipid content showed in the condition of 5500psi at $50^{\circ}C$, and extracted lipid content was about $20\%$. In same pressure the contents of C18 : 2 and C20 : 0 increased as temperature increased, but fatty acids composition were $60\~75\%$ saturated, $12\~20\%$ monounsaturated and $13\~31\%$ polyunsaturated regardless of extraction conditions. The C18 : 3 was only detected in the condition of 5500psi at $50^{\circ}C$ but the content was very little.

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Development and Lab-scale Plant Study of Coagulation Sedimentation Module using Cyclone (선회류를 이용한 응집침전모듈의 개발 및 실증 연구)

  • Moon, Jinyoung;Cho, Young-Gun;Song, Seung-Jun;Kim, Jin-Han
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.3336-3344
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is small scale coagulation module is developed and demonstrated through a lab-scale test. Recent as a sewage treatment rate increases, have heightened the interest in the necessity on the nonpoint source and developing a small processing unit has been increased. Coagulation sedimentation module in this study is additional growth of floc through swirling in the outside zone, reduction of microstructure floc number and the internal settling zone through vertical/level flow complex sedimentation method after the coagulation process precipitation method as an effective high separation efficiency can be divided was also assessed. Coagulation sedimentation module can increase the load factor was 4.4 times compared to conventional clarifier base on the same volume and surface area through vertical/level flow. In this study, this process was selected formation and maintenance of swirling and uniform flow distribution in the internal settling zone as an important design factor, to derive its FLUENT was used to characteristics of the flow model. Through the simulation of swirling, influent velocity, dimensions of external basin, hopper depth of bottom cone was determined and through analysis of velocity distribution, flow distribution detailed specifications are derived like as diameter and number of effluent hole. Lab-scale($120{\ell}/hr$) test results, influent of 300~800 NTU to less than 10 NTU without polymer feeding was able to operate in the 20minutes retention time(surface loading rate $37.3m^3/m^2$-day), and through analysis FLUENT the possibility of using design parameters were derived.

Oxygen Transfer and Hydraulic Characteristics in Bubble Column Bioreactor Applied Fine Bubble Air Diffusing System (미세기포 산기장치를 적용한 타워형 생물반응기의 산소전달 및 수력학적 특성)

  • Lee, Seung-Jin;Ko, Kyeong-Han;Ko, Myeong-Han;Yang, Jae-Kyeong;Kim, Yong-Guk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.11
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    • pp.772-779
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    • 2012
  • For improving performance of conical air diffuser generating fine bubble, both experimental and numerical simulation method were used. After adapting diffusers inner real scale bubble column, suitable for various diffuser submergence, the effect of diffuser submergence on oxygen transfer performance such as Oxygen Transfer Coefficient ($K_{L}a_{20}$) and Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency (SOTE) was investigated empirically. As flow patterns for various diffuser number and submergence were revealed throughout hydrodynamic simulation for 2-phase fluid flow of air-water, the cause of the change for oxygen transfer performance was cleared up. As results of experimental performance, $K_{L}a_{20}$ was increased slightly by 7% and SOTE was increased drastically by 39~72%, 5.6% per meter. As results of numerical analysis, air volume fraction, air and water velocity in bioreactor were increased with analogous flow tendency by increasing diffuser number. As diffuser submergence increased, air volume fraction, air and water velocity were decreased slightly. Because circulative co-flow is determinant factor for bubble diffusion and rising velocity, excessive circulation intensity can result to worsen oxygen transfer by shortening bubble retention time and amount.