• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Biological Treatment of Wastewater Containing Chlorinated Phenols by a Mixed Culture. Lee, Wan-Seok1, Sang-Wook Jung, Chan-Sun Park, Byung-Dae Yoon, Jang-Eok Kim\ and Hee-Mock Oh*. Environmental Bioresources Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Biosicence and Biotechnology, Taejon, Korea, 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpool< National University, Taegu, Korea - The biodegradation of chlorinated phenols in an artificial wastewater was investigated using a mixed culture. The mixed culture was composed of 8 microorganisms isolated from the soil contaminated with various chlorinated phenols. Pseudomonas sp. BM as a main constituent of a mixed culture was Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and rod-shaped, and did not grow at 41°C. It degraded 99% of initial 500 mg!1 of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the minimal salts medium as a sole source of carbon and energy within 3 days. The degradation efficiency of Pseu.domon.as sp. BM was not affected by the other organic carbon and nitrogen compounds. Pseudomonas sp. BM was able to grow in a broad range of pH 5 - 8, and degrade 2,000 mg/1 PCP. In the experiment with an artificial wastewater containing chlorinated phenols, the degradation efficiency of the mixed culture was the range of 73% (2,4-dichlorophenol) -96% (2-chlorophenol) during an incubation of 7 days. In a continuous culture experiment, the degradation efficiency of mixed culture plus activated sludge was about 2 times higher than that of the control containing only activated sludge. These results indicate that it is possible to apply the mixed culture to other wastewaters containing chlorinated phenols. Key words: Biodegradation, chlorinated phenols, pentachlorophenol, Pseudomonas sp. BM

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2007

In this study was investigated the growth effect of native plant (Microlepia marginata(panzer Christ., Prunella vulgaris. aleutica Fernald, Perillafrutescens var. japonica Hara., Gleichenia japonica Spreng) extracts on various lactic acid bacterias, electron donating ability, total cell count and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The total cell count of Enterococcus faecium KCCM 12118, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCCM 32826, Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11542, Pediococcus pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the absence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.1{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. On the other hand, the total cell count of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the presence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.8{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $3.9{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. The electron donating ability indicated to E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 added by 10% native plant extracts, respectively. when 10% native plant extracts were added lactic acid bacterias, the electron donating ability is the highest. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 showed higher than that of control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.211-214
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• 2004

MTBE로 오염된 토양에서 생태독성학적 접근 방법으로 3가지 토양 효소의 활성도를 측정해 보았다. MTBE의 잠재적 위험성으로 인한 논란은 계속되고 있으나 토양 오염에 대한 지표로써 토양 효소 활성도의 사용타당성 여부에 대한 실험은 이전에 행해지지 않았다. 따라서 중금속 오염 토양에 대해 좋은 지표로 사용되고 있는 토양 미생물 효소의 활성도를 MTBE에 적용하여 실험해 보았다. 사용한 토양 효소는 Acid Phosphotase, $\beta$-Glucosidase 그리고 Arysulfatase였다. 그러나 실험 결과 MTBE로 오염된 토양의 경우 중금속으로 오염된 토양에 비해 토양 미생물 활성도의 감소가 매우 적었다. 따라서 MTBE의 오염 토양의 경우 본 연구에서 측정된 효소의 활성도는 좋은 지표로 적합하지 않다는 것을 확인했다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.244.2-244
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• 1979

고분자 기질을 분해하는 효소의 고정화 후의 활성 yield을 높히고자 Polysaccharide의 표면에 acrylamide 및 N-hydroxysuccinimidyl acrylate을 graft 공중합 시킴으로써 긴 측쇄에 활성 ester을 가지는 새로운 carrier에 phosphiesterase을 고정화 시켰으며 이 고정화된 phosphodiesterase의 몇가지 성질을 조사하여 본래의 phosphiesterase의 성질과 비교하였다. 1) 이 Carrier에 phosphodiesterase을 직접 고정화시킨 결과 52%가 고정화되었으며 고정화된 효소는 38%의 비활성을 나타내 주었다. 2) phosphodiesterase는 이상과 같이 고정화됨으로써 최적작용 pH는 8.0부근에서 9.0부근으로 최적작용온도는 $50^{\circ}C부근에서$ $60^{\circ}C부근으로$ KM치는 1.11mg에서 2.1mg/ml로 변하였으며 열안정성은 훨씬 증가하여 본래의 phosphodiesterase의 열불활성속도상수가 0.4인데 고정화된 효소는 0.03 이었다. 또 $5^{\circ}C에서$ 수용액상태(pH 8.0 Tris buffer)로 6개월 보관후의 관존 활성은 본래의 효소가 0.2%인데 고정화된 효소는 42%로 높은 치를 나타내주었다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.230-231
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• 2004

The mycelia of Sparassis crispa DSMZ 5201 were cultivated at $24^{\circ}C$ for 15 days in yeast-malt extract-glucose broth (pH 4.0) and the filtrate was used as crude enzyme solution to determined the extracellular enzyme activity. The specific activity of $\alpha$-amylase was 44.27 unit/protein. The specific activities of protease, CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, chitinase, exo-$\beta$-l,4-glucanase were relatively high. However, a very little activity of xylanase was found.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 1972

In order to study on the pigment and protease of Serratia marcescens, the correlation between protease activity and pigment formation was investigated. The results are as follows ; 1) The protease activity exhibitied two pH optima 6.0 and 7.5, respectively. 2) The optimal temeprature of proteolytic activity was 45.deg.C. With these-results, it is suggested that the proteolytic enzymes of Serratia masrecescens is stable at neutral pH range and more active at the high temeprature than lthat of otehr proteolytic enzymes.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.38-40
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• 1993

효소는 일반적으로 건전한 생체에서는 원형질에서 충분히 생성되어진다. 또한 미생물의 배양조건을 달리하던가 씨앗의 발아 시기와 같이 생체가 특수한 상황일 때에는 급격히 증가하기도 한다. 이러한 효소는 주로 단백질로 구성되어 있으며, 그 대부분의 아미노산이 peptide 결합을 하고 있는 고분자 화합물로서 효소의 종류에 따라 특정한 반응에만 특이적으로 작용하는 기질특이성을 가지고 있다. 효소를 이용한 건강식품으로는 체내 과산화지질의 분해를 촉진하는 SOD(superoxide dismutase), 활성 산소나 과산화수소 등의 체외 배출을 돕는 글루타치온 생성효소를 이용한 제품 외에 야채의 미생물 발효를 통하여 미생물 자체나 효소를 이용하는 과채발효 음료 등이 있지만, 여기에서는 특별히 미생물 유래의 효소를 이용한 분말형 효소 제품을 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

The aim of present work was to assess the response of soil microbial activity and diversity to green manures under the organically managed grape-greenhouse in early spring. Hairy vetch, milk vetch, and red clover were seeded in fall, and enzymatic activities by dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, and microbial diversities by Biolog $EcoPlate^{TM}$ and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were characterized for soils sampled in early spring. Dehydrogenase activity and FDA hydrolytic activity did not differentiate the green manures but the average well color development of Biolog EcoPlate was higher in soils covered with red clover than control soil. Soil microbial functional diversity by Biolog EcoPlate differentiated the soils covered with hairy vetch and milk vetch, and Shannon diversity index by Biolog EcoPlate was higher in soils covered with hairy vetch than control soil. Principal component analysis of PLFA differentiated the soils covered with milk vetch from control soil.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.648-653
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• 2006

As an alternative for the traditional materials packed in biofilters treating gaseous VOCs, a novel packing material has been developed and tested. In the packing material(named as Hydrogel Bead, HB), pollutant-degrading microorganisms were immobilized in hydrogel consisted of alginate, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), and powdered activated carbon. A closed-bottle study showed that the HB rapidly removed gaseous styrene without the losses of adsorption and biodegradation capacity. Biofilter column experiments using the HBs also demonstrated that greater than 95% of removal efficiencies were found at an inlet styrene loading rate of $245g/m^3/hr$, which was higher biofilter performance than other elimination capacity reported earlier. Furthermore, when the inlet styrene concentration increased stepwise, the adsorption played an important role in overall styrene removals. The absorbed styrene was found to be biodegraded in the following low inlet loading condition. Consequently, the new HB material is able to successfully minimize the drawbacks of activated carbon(necessity of regeneration) and biological processes(low removal capacity at dynamic loading conditions), and maximize the overall performance of biofilter systems treating VOCs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.376-382
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• 2016

The amylolytic enzyme activities of nuruks collected or produced in this study were examined. A maximum α-amylase activity of 24,747.1 ± 777.7 units/mg protein was obtained for a nuruk incubated at a relative humidity of 40% at 30℃. A nuruk matured at a relative humidity of 50% at 25℃ showed the highest glucoamylase acitivity. Among the 98 fungal strains isolated from the nuruk exhibiting the highest amylolytic enzyme activities, 26 strains of Aspergillus oryzae and 18 strains of Rhizopus oryzae were identified. Rhizopus oryzae MBF345 showed an α-amylase activity of 36,724.9 ± 10.2 units/mg protein and a glucoamylase activity of 4,911.8 ± 48.1 SP. These values were 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold greater, respectively, than those of the control strain. Strain MBF345 was deposited as KCTC46312 in the Korean Culture Type Collection.