• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.889-896
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• 2012

Melanin synthesis is catalyzed by tyrosinase. To investigate the whitening effect of Hizikia fusiformis, fractions from ethanol extract of H. fusiformis were prepared by a systematic fractionation procedure with solvents such as methanol, hexane, butanol, and $H_2O$. The ethanol extract and its fractions were then subjected to evaluate the inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. The ethanol extract and aqueous fraction exhibited a whitening effect with no cytotoxicity. The ethanol extract showed the highest whitening effect among the samples. The inhibitory effect of $100{\mu}g/ml$ of ethanol extract was higher than that of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of arbutin, but it was lower than that of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of kojic acid. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of $100{\mu}g/ml$ of methanol, hexane, butanol, and aqueous fractions were similar to those of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of arbutin. The antioxidant activities were examined by comparing the results with that of ascorbic acid as a positive control. The ethanol extract and aqueous fraction showed relatively higher DPPH radical-scavenging activities compared with the other samples. Furthermore, $500{\mu}g/ml$ of ethanol extract and aqueous fraction diminished LPS-induced iNOS expression to 82 and 80%, respectively. These results suggest that ethanol extract and aqueous fraction of H. fusiformis could be used as cosmetic ingredients for whitening and skin protection effects.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.204-212
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• 2023

Whitening is inhibitory activity of the melanin synthesis of melanocytes. Recently, whitening materials have been developed on natural materials because of its side effects on skin. Figs (Ficus Carica L.) is a fruit belonging to the Moraceae family and whitening activity was reported in focusing on the fig's stem and leaf components, but whitening activity of the figs fruit was not known. Thus, in this study, we tried to observe its anti-melanogenesis as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammation. The radical scavenging activity of figs fruits extract (FFE) was observed as the level of 34.52±1.98%/60.71±1.26% compared to the control in the its maximum concentration in the DPPH/ABTS assay. Cytotoxicity of FFE was observed at 10% concentration by CCK8 assay, so the maximum concentration was set at 5% and applied to all experiments. FFE concentration dependently decreased NO production associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression, these strongly suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. In melanin contents assay, FFE significantly down-regulated melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cell as well as tyrosinase inhibition in vitro. In addition, FFE decreased the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expression about 94.34% compared to the α-MSH treatment group in RT-PCR. Finally, FFE significantly reduced the MITF, cAMP response element-binding protein and tyrosinase protein expression in the α-MSH stimulated B16F10 cell. Through these results, we found that FFE can not only directly inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity but also suppress melanogenesis through regulation of MITF gene expression in α-MSH signal transduction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2011

The study was to investigate whitening and antioxidation effects by determining the tyrosinase inhibition activity, DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activity of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. The aim of the present study was to suggest preliminary data for research whitening and anti-oxidant effects material of C. japonica and C. obtusa essential oils and confirm supplementary worth of natural volatile organic compounds (nVOCs). Essential oils of C. japonica and C. obtusa leaves were extracted by steam distillation method of clevenger type, and nVOCs were extracted by high-temperature reactor for utilizing nVOCs condensates released during drying of C. japonica and C. obtusa at 80, 100, and $120^{\circ}C$ temperature conditions, respectively. In the activity of whitening and antioxidation, C. japonica oil was more effective than C. obtusa oil. nVOCs of C. japonica and C. obtusa showed highly activity of tyrosinase inhibitory at higher temperature. Antioxidation activity only shown on nVOCs of C. japonica produced at $120^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and melanin synthesis inhibition of several pear cultivars (Pyruspyrifolia). The total polypenolic content of five pear cultivars was high in the unripe developmental stage. Total polyphenolic content of the Chuwhangbae cultivar extract was higher than that of other pear cultivars regardless of the developmental stage. However, the total flavonoid content did not differ between cultivars or developmental stages. The phenolic compound, arbutin has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Arbutin levels in pear cultivars declined as the fruit matured. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract also decreased as the fruit ripened. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, most of the cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis by about 50% at a $100{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ concentration, except in the Gamcheonbae extract until 90 days after full bloom. We have confirmed that the extract of pear cultivars have antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

In this study, the various whitening activities of Inonotus obliquus were assessed for potential use as functional cosmetic materials. When measuring electron donating ability to confirm the antioxidant ability of I. obliquus extract, increased activity was observed as the concentration increased, and it was found an outstanding antioxidant capacity of 82.1% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect, related to a whitening effect, was found to have inhibitory activity that increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of verifying the viability of melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT assay showed cell viability of more than 80% at concentrations below 100 ㎍/ml. Therefore, cell-related experiments were conducted at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. By measuring protein expression related to melanin synthesis via treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that protein expression was inhibited in all factors, depending on the concentration. TRP-1 and MITF appeared by 40.1% and 64.2% amount of expression, respectively, at 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and tyrosinase and TRP-2 were verified as having better protein expression inhibition than arbutin. In measuring mRNA expression related to melanin synthesis by treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that mRNA expression was suppressed as the concentration increased. Accordingly, it was confirmed that I. obliquus extract has excellent whitening activity and could be used as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the whitening effect of Salvia miltorrhiza Bunge water extract (SM-W) in human epidermal melanocyte (HEM). Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory effect of SM-W was approximately 42% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The HEM cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibition activity were 26 and 25% at $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Whitening related proteins and mRNAs including tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2, and microphthalmia associated transcription factor were reduced by SM-W treatment. In addition, the cAMP expression inhibitory effect of SM-W was decreased by 41% at $5{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. These results indicated that Salvia miltorrhiza Bunge could be used to the possible utilization of functional cosmetic ingredients by confirming whitening activity related with melanin content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2013

현재 치과에서 상용되는 치아미백법은 과산화수소와 레이저를 사용하여 의사가 직접 치료를 하고 있다 [1]. 단기간에 높은 미백효과를 얻기 위해, 고농도의 과산화수소를 이용하게 되는데, 이는 암 또는 심장병 등을 유발시키는 원인이 될수 있음으로 인체에 매우 유해하다 [3,4]. 우리는 식품의약품안정청에서 규제하고 있는, 카바마이드 퍼옥사이드(15%)를 사용하였다. 카마바이드 퍼옥사이드(15%), 수증기, 저온 대기압 플라즈마 제트를 사용하여 미백효과를 관찰하였다. 기체 유량은 1,000 sccm 이며, 공기와 질소를 사용하였다. 미백효과를 보기 위한 대상으로는 우치(牛齒)를 사용하였으며, 플라즈마를 처리하여 미백효과를 관찰하였다. 실험 대조시료군으로는 카바마이드 퍼옥사이드(15%)와 수증기(0.4%)를 첨가한 다음, 공기 플라즈마와 질소 플라즈마를 조사하여 비교해보았다. 수증기를 첨가한 이유는 활성산소의 농도를 높이기 위함이며, 탁월한 미백효과를 얻을 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 우치에 카바마이드 퍼옥사이드(15%)와 수증기(0.4%)를 처리한 경우 플라즈마의 미백효과가 탁월함을 보였다. 이때 CIE색좌표 ($L^*a^*b^*$)에서 명도도가 높아짐을 보았다. 미백효과에 대한 측정은 측색분광기(cm-3500d)를 이용하였다. 라만은 빛이 어떤 매질을 통과할 때 빛의 파장을 변화시켜 빛의 일부는 진행방향에서 이탈해 다른방향으로지행하는 현상을 산란이라고 한다. 이를 이용하여 빛의 파장을 변화시키는 현상을 라만산란이라고 한다. 이것을 이용하여 같은 우치의 표면을 플라즈마 처리 전 후를 라만을 통해 측정하였다. 대기압 저온 플라즈마에서 발생되는 ROS는 미백효과에 큰 영향을 미친다. 모든 실험의 플라즈마 처리시간은 최대 20분까지로 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2010

상온에 준하는 저온의 플라즈마를 발생시키는 장치들이 개발되면서, 저온 플라즈마와 생체조직간의 상호작용에 대한 연구가 큰 관심을 끌고 있다. 플라즈마에서 발생되는 다량의 이온과 활성종, 그리고 UV 등이 박테리아나 세포들과 작용함으로 해서 암세포 사멸, 치아 미백, 박테리아 살균/멸균, 지혈등의 효과들이 나타나고 있으며, 이러한 효과들을 극대화할 수 있는 장치 개발과 플라즈마와 생체조직간의 상호작용 메카니즘을 규명하는 것이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 나노 금입자를 암세포의 막단백질인 FAK의 항체와 결합시킨 중합체를 만들어서, 암세포 표면에 나노 금입자붙이고, 플라즈마를 조사했을 때, 나노 금입자가 부착되지 않았을 경우에 비해서, 5배이상 사멸률이 증가하였다.[1] 변색된 치아에 미백제의 주성분인 과산화수소를 도포하고, 10분간 플라즈마를 조사하게 되면, 과산화수소만 도포했을 때에 비해, 치아 표면의 색이 3배이상 밝아지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 과산화수소를 플라즈마에 노출시켰을 때, 활성종인 OH의 생성이 2배이상 증가하였고, 플라즈마에 의한 OH 생성의 촉진이 치아 미백효과가 증대되는 주된 요인인 것으로 추측된다.[2] 플라즈마에서 발생되는 O, $O_3$와 같은 활성종들은 살균력이 뛰어나기 때문에, 저온 플라즈마를 의료기구의 소독/멸균에 응용할 가능성이 아주 크다. 대장균이나 구강 세균이 플라즈마 처리로 5분이내에 멸균되는 것을 확인하였고, 핸드피스와 같은 의료기구를 오염시켜서 멸균 테스트를 수행하고 있다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.295-304
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• 2005

Recently, arbutin, oil soluble licorice extact (GLY), ascorbyl glucoside (AA2G), and ethyl ascorbyl ether (EAE) have been widely used as functional whitening ingredients. To Investigate which combination between the above agents could be more effective for whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells were investigated. Both GLY and arbutin dose-dependently inhibited purified tyrosinase activity. The inhibitory effects of GLY with AA2A or EAE on Drosinase activity were more potent than those of GLY alone, whereas that of arbutin with other ingreadients did not show those effects. In MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells, the mixture of Gly and EAE more significantly reduced melanin formation than Gly alone. Stability of mixture of GLY, arbutin, AA2A and EAE exposed at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C\;or\;45^{\circ}C$ for 30 days were also investigated. All of the combinations of whitening agents did not show any critical changes in their composition stability. These data suggest that the combination of GLY and vitamin C derivatives such as AA2G and EAE may be useful for the promotion of whitening effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 2012

In this study, the compounds of Prunus persica Flos were extracted with 70.0% acetone and were purified using a sephadex-LH-20 column chromatography. As a result, eight fractions were isolated. For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined to be 92.2% in Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos at 1.000 ppm. The melanoma cell-originated tyrosinase inhibitory effect of Fr.-8 from P. persica Flos was approximately 63.4% at 100 ppm. The inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis by Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos was about 71.7% at 100 ppm concentration. For anti-wrinkling effects, the elastase inhibition activities by Fr.-5, 7 isolated from P. persica Flos were around 71.4 and 74.5% respectively at 1,000 ppm. The collagenase inhibition activity and collagen synthesis by Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos was about 80.0% at 100 ppm. All these findings suggested that the fractions of P. persica Flos have great potential as cosmeceutical ingredients with whitening and anti-wrinkling effects.