• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.167-206
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• 2014

메콩 경제권(GMS)의 다양한 개발 현장 속에서 고무 나무로부터 채취하는 라텍스는 캄보디아, 라오스를 포함한 인도 차이나 반도 국가들 사이에서 주요 농업 활동으로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 캄보디아와 라오스의 대형 플랜테이션은 여러 부정적인 결과들을 낳고 있다. 토지 점유, 계약 농업을 통한 착취 등으로 인해 역설적으로 농촌의 빈곤은 증가하고 있고 해외 투자자에 대한 재정적, 기술적 의존이 심화되고 환경 파괴가 일어나고 있다. 이러한 점들로 인해 소규모 자작농들에 주목할 필요가 있다. 고무 자작농은 고용을 창출하며 토지 점유를 방지한다. 본 연구는 캄보디아와 라오스의 소규모 고무 자작농들의 생계를 비교하며 고무 호황으로 어떠한 이득을 얻고 어떠한 형태로 생계를 개선할 수 있는지를 연구한다. 본 연구는 캄보디아의 Tboung Khmum 구역과 Somsanouk 마을의 사례 연구를 바탕으로 하였다. 실증적인 분석은 세 가지의 이론적 틀을 바탕으로 하였다. 미시-생계 연구, 글로벌 가치사슬 그리고 GMS에 대한 연구들이다. 실증 분석의 초점은 생계의 변화상과 결과(고용 창출과 빈곤 탈출)이다. 전체적으로 소규모 고무 자작농은 전망이 밝았으나 앞서 언급 된 문제점들로 인해 농촌 문제를 모두 해결할 수 있는 수단은 아니다. 중요한 유사성은 소규모 고무 자작농의 사회경제적 공헌이다. 연구 지역 두 곳에서 자작농들은 고무 농사는 생계를 개선하는 데에 좋은 수단이라고 답하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 낮은 교육 수준은 그들의 생계 전략을 불안정하게 하고 있다. 양쪽 지역에서 응답자들은 다른 주민을 따라 고무 농사를 시작했다고 대답했으며 경제, 환경적인 위험에 대해 충분히 인지하고 있지 못하였다. 이와 관련한 다른 유사점으로 소규모 자작농들을 지원할 수 있는 정부의 개입이 없었다는 것이다. 자금 조달은 고무 농사의 심각한 애로 사항 중 하나였다. 명확한 차이점으로 Tboung Khmum의 자작농들은 중개 상인에게 계약 관계를 맺지 않고 라텍스를 판매했으며 Somsanouk의 경우에는 고무 가격이 국제 시장의 영향을 받음에도 가장 높은 가격을 제시하는 상인에게 농민 전체가 같이 판매를 하였다. 이러한 현상은 GMS 내에서 이루어지고 있는 근대적인 경제 현상 에 농촌 공동체들이 다양하게 연결 되고 있음을 재확인한다. 게다가 Somsanouk 마을에서는 사이짓기를 하는 경우가 없었다. 이는 투자자들이 생산량을 극대화하기 위해 자작농들에게 사이짓기를 장려하지 않았기 때문이다. Tboung Khmum 마을의 경우 고무와 더불어 고무 이전의 주요 작물이던 카사바를 같이 재배했다. 요약하면, 자작농에 의한 소규모 고무농업은 (비록 농촌의 모든 어려움을 해결할 수는 없지만) 토지점유 등 부정적 현상이 나타나는 대규모 플렌테이션에 비해 유의미한 일자리를 창출하는 등 미래를 위한 보다 나은 대안이 될 수 있다. 농촌 생활의 질을 개선하기 위해서는 7년 간의 고무 생육기간 동안 농가가 감수해야 하는 사회-경제적 불안정성을 해결하고 대안적 소득원을 마련할 필요가 있다

• Trans-
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• v.10
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• pp.73-113
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• 2021

Previous studies show that VR images can influence consumers' attitudes and behaviors by evoking imagination. In this study, we introduce a reality-based closed-loop 3D image (hereafter Virtualgraph). Then we try to see whether such image would increase evocativeness in a mobile commerce environment and whether higher telepresence of the visual image of a product can increase the purchase intention of that product. In order to find the above, we developed a model comprised of constructs containing telepresence, perceived value price, perceived food quality, and vividness of visual imagery questionnaire (VVIQ). We used Virtualgraph application to conduct an experiment, and then conducted an interview as well as a survey. As results of the experiment, survey and interview, we found the followings. First, users evoke imagination better with Virtualgraph than with still images. Second, increased evocativeness affects purchase intention if the perceived quality of fresh food product is satif actory. Third, increased evocativeness makes users value products higher and do even much higher when the perceived quality of fresh food product is good. From the interview, we could find that the experimental group had higher purchase intentions and perceived products as more expensive ones. Also, they perceived images of products clearer and more vivid than did the control group. We also discuss the strategic implications of using Virtualgraph in mobile shopping malls.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.782-789
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• 2020

The demand for the development of rolling stock technology to maintain the best performance in various climatic environments has increased to expand the overseas market of rolling stock. In this study, international and domestic standards that must be applied to build a harsh climatic environment test system were investigated and compared. The way of improvement for domestic standards is proposed. The wind velocities and temperatures are specified in the UIC, EN, and IEC standards for climatic wind tunnel, and EN 50125-1 provides the velocity test up to 180km/h, the largest wind speed. UIC and EN provide the lowest temperature of -45℃, and IEC 62498-1 provides the highest temperature 55℃. The solar radiation test was specified up to 1200W/m2 in the UIC, EN, and IEC. The IEC, EN, and KS R 9145 provide the water tightness standards, which are different from each other in water capacity, pressure, and methods. The snow test method was not well specified. KRTS-VE-Part 31 provides pressurization test methods. The airtightness standards for high-speed rolling stock are defined and regulated for internal pressure change rate in UIC 660 and 779-11. The domestic standard for the wind tunnel test was not well prepared, and the solar radiation test and snow test do not exist in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to improve domestic standards to an international level for the climatic wind tunnel test of rolling stock.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the development and utilization of remote class content for infants in a future educational environment through the analysis of remote class content for childhood. The analysis targets are 148 kindergarten [play ON] contents, and the analysis results according to "easy to use," "interest," "educational," "conformity of content," and "technicality" are as follows. Except for the 'conformity of content', there was a large variation in the score of content for each sub-area. In the case of "conformity of content," almost all of them received high scores for content production by incumbent teachers. With this in mind, we have drawn the following conclusions: First, it should be produced at an appropriate speed in consideration of the induction and understanding of childhoods' participation in play in the search and progress process, and it should be possible to play according to the challenges and levels using various strategies under the theme that all childhoods can be interested in. In addition, it was found that it was necessary to select topics, edit videos, and voice support so that childhoods can participate in the process of discovery and search, supporting childhoods' imagination, curiosity, and creative experiences.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.15-29
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• 2021

Many countries and companies are pursuing and developing Artificial intelligence as it is the core technology of the 4th industrial revolution. Global IT companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Google and Samsung have all released their own AI assistant hardware products, hoping to increase customer loyalty and capture market share. Competition within the industry for AI agent is intense. AI assistant products that command the biggest market shares and customer loyalty have a higher chance of becoming the industry standard. This study analyzed the current status of major overseas and domestic IT companies in the field of artificial intelligence, and suggested future strategic directions for voice UI technology development and user satisfaction. In terms of B2B technology, it is recommended that IT companies use cloud computing to store big data, innovative artificial intelligence technologies and natural language technologies. Offering voice recognition technologies on the cloud enables smaller companies to take advantage of such technologies at considerably less expense. Companies also consider using GPT-3(Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) an open source artificial intelligence language processing software that can generate very natural human-like interactions and high levels of user satisfaction. There is a need to increase usefulness and usability to enhance user satisfaction. This study has practical and theoretical implications for industry and academia.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.27-41
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• 2020

The purpose of the project is to identify the relationship between the sub-factors of SNS information characteristics (information quality, information reliability) and the impact of immersion on social capital (connected capital) on word of mouth intention, and to present measures to revitalize the tourism industry using the results obtained. The study conducted empirical analysis on 326 adults aged 19 and older. The results of the study are as follows: First, it has been confirmed that the sub-factors of SNS utilization (information quality, information reliability) have a positive effect on immersion. Second, immersion has been verified to have a significant influence relationship on the degree of word of mouth intention. Third, it was analyzed that social capital has positive interrelationships with immersion and word of mouth intention. Based on these findings, social network services (SNS) in the tourism industry can be used as basic data to attract potential tourism customers in the future by providing efficient information on tourism products by utilizing social network services (SNS) in the development of tourism contents and marketing strategies, and it is meaningful in that it is intended to help the tourism industry in practice.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.83-101
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• 2010

Competition in Internet open-market has become fiercer as much for its growth possibility in differentiating from the general commercial market. For this reason, internet open-market entrepreneurs should make effective strategy in improving customers' e-loyalty to survive in the highly competitive internet open-market as in off-line market and to aim for growth through constant profit making. To satisfy with the goal, this study has been performed as the empirical research that confirms to the influence and relationship of e-service quality affected on the perceived value, customer satisfaction and e-loyalty. This is based on the result that e-service quality affected on e-loyalty for internet open-market. The research results are shown as follows; first, all factors including the perceived value and customer satisfaction, except possibility of system use, have the effect of e-service quality. Second, the perceived value between measurements affects significantly on customer satisfaction. And third, the perceive value and the customer satisfaction are a1so meaningfully influential to e-loyalty. The result presents important point that entrepreneurs in Internet open-market need to do their best to maintain in making profits for the future by improving the customers' e-loyalty and securing customers with high loyalty via continually revealing new influential factors on e-service quality, perceived value, and customer satisfaction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.775-789
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• 2008

The Office for Government Policy Coordination announced in 2006, september that a scheme of pre-signal would show remarkable outcome to reduce traffic accidents. Therefore, the Ministry recommended applying preferentially the pre-signal scheme to enhancement projects for high accident frequency areas. In case that the suggested pre-signal was unilaterally introduced to the enhancement projects at intersections, it might rather cause a big trial and error in terms of traffic safety. Hence, on the basis of quantitative analysis, this study was to indicate a pre-signal's effectiveness to reduce the traffic accidents, to illustrate a trend of the accident type due to the pre-signal, and to introduce intersection type that could be appropriate for the pre-signal. The methodology adopted Comparison-Group Method which was developed by Hauer. Through this methodology, overall effectiveness to reduce the accidents is considered positive but individual effectiveness by intersection and by accident case was different. All cases of the accidents at small scale intersection demonstrated positive results to reduce its accidents, while in case of frontal collision and side-right angle collision out of the accident types, the installation of pre-signal rather caused a negative result increasing the accident in terms of the traffic safety. I hope that this study would be a useful reference for future development of the estimation of accident effectiveness. Thus, when the pre-signal is being installed in the big intersection, it is recommended operating the installation concerning carefully improvements about muliple aspects as traffic operation, traffic facility, human factor etc.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-66
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial system and characteristics of the urban center by deriving the boundaries of the urban center set in the urban basic plan for Busan Metropolitan City and diagnosing the role and status of the center. To this end, four indicators representing the characteristics of the center were selected through a review of previous studies, and the boundaries of the center were derived using spatial statistical techniques with strengths in geographical boundary analysis. Then, using the indicators of center characteristics and population potential functions, we diagnosed the influence and potential of each center in the spatial structure of Busan Metropolitan City. The analysis showed that the scale of the centers varies greatly, and the unutilized areas where commercial areas are not activated and the expansion areas that spread beyond commercial areas to residential and industrial areas are different for each urban center. The results of the potential measurement, which indicates the attractiveness of the center, also showed areas with strong and weak population potential. Therefore, systematic management and strategies based on the hierarchical characteristics and influence measurement results are needed to strengthen the function of urban centers. The results analyzed in this study can be used as a resource for responding to various urban planning needs and policy changes in the future, along with station area development plans and spatial innovation zones for building a sustainable urban growth system, balanced development, and strengthening the function of centers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.22-33
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• 2019

The government has steadily revised and developed laws and systems for activating remodeling of apartments in response to the problems of aged apartments. However, despite such efforts, remodeling has yet to be activated. For many reasons, this study noted that there were no tools for reasonable profitability judgements and decision making in the preliminary stages of the remodeling project. Thus, the feasibility evaluation model was developed. Generally, the profitability judgements are made after the conceptual design. However, decisions to drive remodeling projects are made at the preliminary stage. So a feasibility evaluation model is required at the preliminary stage. Accordingly, In this study, a feasibility evaluation model was developed for determining preliminary stage profitability. Construction costs, business expenses, financial expenses, and generally sales revenue were calculated using the initial available information and remodeling variables derived through the existing cases. Through this process, we developed an algorithm that can give an overview of the return on investment. In addition, the preliminary stage feasibility evaluation model developed was applied to three cases to verify the applicability of the model. Although applied in three cases, the difference between the model's forecast and actual case values is less than 5%, which is considered highly applicable. If cases are expanded in the future, it will be a useful tool that can be used in actual work. The feasibility evaluation model developed in this study will support decision making by union members, and if the model is applied in different regions, it will be expected to help local governments to understand the size of possible remodeling projects.