• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2002

Objective : To test if the intake of $H_2$ receptor antagonists ($H_2$-RAs) increases the risk of gastric cancer in the elderly. Methods : The source population for this study was drawn from the responders to a questionnaire survey administered to the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC), who were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, were at least 65 years old, and residing in Busan in 1999. The information on $H_2$-RAs exposure was obtained from a drug prescription database compiled between inn. 1993 and Dec. 1994. The cases consisted of 76 gastric cancer patients, as confirmed from the KMIC claims data, the National Cancer Registry and the Busan Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998. Cancer free controls were randomly selected by 1:4 individual matching, which took in to consideration the year of birth and gender. Information on confounders was collected by a mail questionnaire survey. The odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. Results : After adjusting for a history of gastric ulcer symptoms, medication history, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (aOR) was 4.6 (95% CI=1.72-12.49). The odds ratio of long term use (more than 7 days) was 2.3 (95% CI=1.07-4.82). The odds ratio of short term use was 4.6 (95% CI=1.26-16.50). The odds ratio of parenteral use was 4.4 195% CI=1.16-17.05) and combination use between the oral and parenteral routes (aOR, 16.8; 95% CI=1.21-233.24) had the high risk of gastric cancer. The aOR of cimetidine was 1.7 (95% CI=1.04-2.95). The aOR of ranitidine was 2.0 (95% CI=1.21-3.40). The aOR of famotidine was 1.7 (95% CI=0.98-2.80). Conclusion : The intake of $H_2$-RAs might increase the risk of gastric cancer through achlorhydria in the elderly.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2009

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of soil-slope failure of Okcheon metamorphic zone. Soil samples were collected from 35 collapsed and uncollapsed artificial slopes along national roads. A series of laboratory experiments was carried out to examine physical and mechanical properties of soils and rocks. The results show that failure slopes have weakness of failure at 0.75 of AMI or higher, 32% of liquid limit or higher, and 31% of saturated moisture content or higher. The plastic index of failure slopes is correlated to wet density and saturated density. It turned out that failure could easily happen according to a high plastic index even if the void ratio was low. The greater the contents of bigger-sized soil, i.e. contents of sands and gravels rather than of clays, is the greater the chance to fail at the slope.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.786-795
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• 2002

Three-day-old sunfower(Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings were do-rooted and incubated in the nutrient solutions that contained either deficient or sufficient boron supply, and exposure to various pH and temperatures. In the absence of boron, no adventitious roots were formed in the majority of the seedlings. Boron caused the development of numerous adventitious roots in the lower part of the hypocotyl. The low pH damage was ameliorated by the simultaneous application of calcium, implying the involvement of calcium-requiring process in overcoming proton toxicity. Borate showed a strong ameliorative effect with $Ca^{2+}$. These results suggest that the primary target of proton toxicity may be linked to a disturbance of the stability in the pectic polysaccharide network, where calcium plays a key role in plant roots. Maximum temperature for the growth of adventitious roots was $25^{\circ}C$. Although cessation of growth is the most apparent symptom of boron deficiency, exogenous ascorbate improved adventitious root growth in plants in the absence of boron. From the results it is suggested that the inhibition of adventitious root resulting from boron deficiency, low pH and temperature damage may be a consequence of disrupted ascorbate metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The soil mechanical characteristics according to geologic conditions were investigated in the study area. The geology of study area was consisted of Ingok Tuff, Yuchi Conglomerate and Dado Tuff. Yuchi Tuff covered about 80% of the study area. The disturbed and undisturbed soils were sampled from the conglomerate area, Tuff area and Shale area, and then a series of the laboratory soil tests was performed. The soils sampled from the conglomerate area have a large dry unit weight and a low permeability relatively, while the soils sampled from tuff and shale areas have a small dry unit weight and a high permeability. It is proven that the soil permeability is highly affected by the effective grain size and the silt and clay content. That is, the soil permeability is increased with increasing the effective grain size, and the soil permeability is decreased with increasing the silt and clay content.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2000

A damage detection and assessment algorithm is developed by measuring accelerations at limited locations of a structure under forced vibrations. The developed algorithm applies a time-domain system identification (SI) method that identifies a structure by solving a linearly constrained nonlinear optimization problem for optimal structural parameters. An equation error of the dynamic equilibrium of motion is minimized to estimate optimal parameters. An adaptive parameter grouping scheme is applied to localize damaged members with sparse measured accelerations. Damage is assessed in a statistical manner by applying a time-windowing technique to the measured time history of acceleration. Displacements and velocities at the measured degrees of freedom (DOF) are computed by integrating the measured accelerations. The displacements at the unmeasured DOF are estimated as additional unknowns to the unknown structural parameters, and the corresponding velocities and accelerations we computed by a numerical differentiation. A numerical simulation study with a truss structure is carried out to examine the efficiency of the algorithm. A data perturbation scheme is applied to determine the thresholds lot damage indices and to compute the damage possibility of each member.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.118-122
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• 2016

하천은 하천에 서식하는 동 식물뿐만 아니라 인간에게 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 인간의 활동과 산업화에 의해 많은 인위적인 교란을 받고 있으며, 대표적으로 수자원의 이용/발전에 의해 건설된 댐과 저수지를 예로 들 수 있다. 이러한 댐과 저수지는 하천 상 하류간의 생태학적 단절을 초래하여 생물 서식처에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있으며, 하류하천에 서식하는 생물들에 대한 영향을 고려하지 않고 건설되는 실정이다. 특히, 발전방류로 인한 급격한 유량의 변화와 온도의 변화는 댐 하류하천의 수생태계에 심각한 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있다. 특히, 댐에서의 온도 차이를 가지는 방류로 인해 국내에서의 운문댐, 보령댐 등 일부 댐에서는 벼 수확량 감소사례가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 댐 발전방류로 인한 수온의 변동이 하류하천에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 발전방류로 인한 하류하천의 수리분석과 수온 변화를 모의하기 위하여 CMS-Flow 모형을 사용하였다. 괴산댐 하류에 위치한 달천의 2.3 km구간을 대상구간으로 하였으며, 달천 상류에 위치한 괴산댐은 빈번하게 발전방류를 발생시키고 있다. 발전방류로 인한 수온의 변동이 하류하천에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 1년 동안의 발전방류 조건에 대하여 모의를 수행하였다. 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울 총 4계절로 구분하여 발전방류로 인한 수온의 변동이 미치는 범위를 거리에 따라 분석하였을 때, 봄은 1.73 km, 여름은 1.92 km, 가을은 1.74 km, 겨울은 2.01 km까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 방류되는 수온과 하류하천의 수온 차이가 크게 발생하는 여름과 겨울의 경우가 봄과 가을에 비해 영향을 미치는 범위가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 댐 발전방류로 인한 하류하천의 수온 변화를 분석함으로써, 댐 하류하천에서 서식하는 생물들을 고려한 댐 운용 계획을 수립하는데 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 2022

Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb., a newly identified invasive alien species, was found in Gangcheon-ri, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It is native to North America and has been reported to be an invasive alien plant in Japan, Australia, and Ukraine. Vulpia octoflora is a weed that grows mainly in dry sandy or rocky soil and is frequently found along the roadside in open areas or in artificially disturbed sites. This species is similar to the recently confirmed alert alien species, V. bromoides (L.) Gray, but is readily distinguishable due to more florets per spikelet and a short awn of the lemma. A detailed species description, the geographical distribution, illustrations, photographs, and an identification key for all species of Vulpia that occur in Korea are provided.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.356-356
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• 2020

주거시설 확장 및 도심 내 인프라 구축을 위한 지속적인 산지 개발과 기후변동성 확대로 발생하는 게릴라 국지성 집중호우 등으로 인해 토석류의 발생가능성은 지속적으로 확대되고 있다.(kim et al., 2008) 그러나, 현재 국내의 토석류 방재시설에 대한 설치는 아직 미흡한 실정이며 아직 경사지 재해 발생 위험지역에는 방재시설 설치가 필요하다. 지자체의 제한된 예산으로는 필요한 모든 지역에 설치가 불가하기 때문에 순차적으로 효율적인 설치가 이루어질 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도심지 내 소규모 산지에 대한 효율적인 설치방안을 모색하기 위해서 방재시설 설치 이후 토석류의 거동을 수치모의를 통해 방재시설 설치의 효율성을 분석하였다. 도심지 내 위치한 토석류 발생이력이 있는 소규모 산지의 토석류의 특성을 조사한 결과, 주요 발생원인은 국지성 집중호우로 인한 지반 약화로 인해 급경사를 이루고 있는 암반층 상단에 분포한 퇴적층의 붕괴가 주요 원인으로 나타났다(Kang et al, 2014) 조사결과에 근거하여 해당 유역에 대한 토석류 발생의 유입조건을 산정하였으며 유입조건에 대해 토석류 거동 예측 2차원 해석 소프트웨어인 FLO-2D를 사용하였다. 수치모의를 수행하여 방재시설이 미설치된 상태에서 발생한 토석류의 거동을 실제 발생한 토석류와 비교하였다. 또한, 수치모의에서 방재시설의 구현이 제한되므로 4가지 방재시설(교란사면용 토석류 방지시설, 울타리형 토석류 방지시설, 토사유출 저감용 지오셀, 토석류 방재장치)에 대해 경계조건의 변경을 통해 간접적으로 구현해 결과를 분석하였다. 방재시설은 종류 및 설치위치에 따라 토석류에 대한 피해저감효과가 상이하게 나타났다. 토석류 방재장치를 토석류 발생위치 전방 50 m 지점에 토석류 방재장치를 설치한 경우, 토석류의 유속이 20% 감소하여 피해범위는 36% 감소하였으며, 전방 200 m 지점에 설치한 경우, 피해범위가 14% 감소하였다. 검토한 4가지의 토석류 방재시설 중 토석류 방재장치가 가장 효율적인 결과를 나타냈다. 향후에는 피해범위에 대한 조건 외에 시공 및 유지관리 등에 대한 경제성검토를 한다면 종합적으로 방재시설 효율성을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

The objectives of this research were to determine ecological characteristics and chemical gradients in two different loach populations-Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ($M_a$) and Koreocobitis rotundicaudata ($K_r$). Eight chemical parameters were compared to test the chemical preferences between the two species. The population of Kr occurred more in better water quality, compared to the $M_a$-population. The $M_a$-population co-occurred more with tolerant species (TS) and omnivores, whereas the $K_r$-population co-occurred more with sensitive species (SS) and insectivores. The differences in the tolerance and trophic composition matched well with the result of stream health assessment, based on the multi-metric model of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI). The IBI value in habitat with the $M_a$-population was "19.6" (range: 8~40) indicating a fair condition, and the IBI values of $K_r$-population was 29.4 (range: 12~40) indicating good condition. Similar results were found in physical habitat health analysis (QHEI). Overall, data analysis showed that the $M_a$-population belong to the tolerant species and $K_r$-population belong to sensitive species in the tolerance classification.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.643-659
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• 2022

Geologic sequestration technologies such as CCS (carbon capture and storage), EGS (enhanced geothermal systems), and EOR (enhanced oil recovery) have been widely implemented in recent years, prompting evaluation of the mechanical stability of storage sites. As fluid injection can stimulate mechanical instability in storage layers by perturbing the stress state and pore pressure, poroelastic models considering various injection scenarios are required. In this study, we calculate the pore pressure, stress distribution, and vertical displacement along a surface using commercial finite element software (COMSOL); fault slips are subsequently simulated using PyLith, an open-source finite element software. The displacement fields, are obtained from PyLith is transferred back to COMSOL to determine changes in coseismic stresses and surface displacements. Our sequential use of COMSOL-PyLith-COMSOL for poroelastic modeling of fluid-injection and induced-earthquakes reveals large variations of pore pressure, vertical displacement, and Coulomb failure stress change during injection periods. On the other hand, the residual stress diffuses into the remote field after injection stops. This flow pattern suggests the necessity of numerical modeling and long-term monitoring, even after injection has stopped. We found that the time at which the Coulomb failure stress reaches the critical point greatly varies with the hydraulic and poroelastic properties (e.g., permeability and Biot-Willis coefficient) of the fault and injection layer. We suggest that an understanding of the detailed physical properties of the surrounding layer is important in selecting the injection site. Our numerical results showing the surface displacement and deviatoric stress distribution with different amounts of fault slip highlight the need to test more variable fault slip scenarios.