• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.359-372
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• 2015

This study was to assess the effects of sowing mixed legume forage and applying fermented cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat (WCW) as a representative of winter crops and also to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application levels of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCW compared to WCW alone sowing, but there were no differences between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 100~150 kg N/ha. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCW alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicated that mixed-sowing of WCW and legume forage not only reduced nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.283-291
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• 2004

Feeding trials were conducted with Euglena strains grown under different media. The effect of supplementation of Euglena on the laying performance, egg quality and fatty acid composition of egg yolk was studied. In experiment I, two hundred eighty 32-wk-old ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments for 4 wks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications with 10 birds each housed in two birds cages. Control diet was formulated to have $17\%$ CP and 2,750 kcal ME/kg. Euglena gracilis Z. (EG) was added to control diet at the level of 0.25, 0.5, $1.0\%$ and Euglena gracilis Z. bleached and DHA enriched (EGBD; a strain mutated by streptomycin and cultivated in DHA enriched medium) at the level of 0.5, 1.0, $2.0\%$ in the diet. In experiment 2, three hundred 84-wk-old ISA brown layers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: T1; Control, T2; T1 + EGBD $0.5\%$, T3; T1 + Euglena gracilis Z. DHA enriched (EGD; cultivated in DHA enriched medium) $0.5\%$, T4; T1 + EGD $1.0\%$, T5; T1 + EGD $2.0\%$. Each treatment had 5 replication of 12 birds each housed in two birds cages. In experiments 1 and 2, Euglena suppplementation did not significantly affect egg production but increased egg weight and feed intake. In experiment 1, EG was more effective in increasing egg yolk color score than EGBD. Egg yolk color of EG $1\%$ treatment showed the highest score. EGBD supplementation increased DHA concentration of egg yolk. EGBD $2\%$ treatment showed the highest DHA and the lowest palmitic and stearic acids concentration in the egg yolk. In experiment 2, EGBD $0.5\%$ treatment showed highest DHA level in egg yolk (P<0.05). It was conducted that EGBD is a single cell protein source rich in DHA, that can be used to produce DHA enriched eggs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.282-291
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• 1994

Optimal processing conditions and shelf-life of steamed kamaboko made from Alaska pollock surimi were investigated, including protein digestibility, computed protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), trypsin inhibitor content and protein solubility. Steamed kamaboko containing $5\%$ starch and $33\%$ water in pollock surimi showed the best protein quality in terms of C-PER and protein digestibility. Steaming could not give any significant advantage over kamaboko protein digestibility but a higher C-PER resulted from steamed kamaboko. All kamaboko products had trypsin content of 1.4 to $2.0mg\%$ which was $10\%$ of total trypsin inhibitor levels in frozen pollock meat. A two stage steaming process, the first at $40^{\circ}C$ for 20min followed by a second 10min steaming period at $95^{\circ}C$, was found to be the most effective way of the most effective heating process for kamaboko protein quality. C-PERs of marketed Korean surimi products ranged from $2.8{\sim}2.9$ for steamed kamaboko and $2.9{\sim}3.2$ for crab meat analog which were superior to ANRC casein(2.5). Measured protein digestibility of all products were ranged from 86 to $89\%$. VBN and protein solubility data suggest Korean marketed surimi products could have a shelf-life of 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for crab meat analog and 20 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for steamed kamaboko.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

This study was aimed to grow organic forage as a prime requirement for organic Hanwoo cattle production over a period of 3 years (2012~2015) in Gyeongbuk region, Korea through mixed cropping of winter fodder barley with legume and application of fermented cattle manure. The effect of barley-legume mixed cropping and application of different levels of fermented cattle manure was studied on forage productivity of whole-crop barley (WCB) and evaluation of feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. Barley-legume mixed cropping increased (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) as compared to those of sole WCB as monoculture. Similarly, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and relative feed value (RFV) were also higher (P<0.05) in barley-legume mixed sowing forage compared with those of sole WCB as monoculture. In case of manure application, yields of DM, CP and TDN were also found (P<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/ha. However, varying cattle manure levels did not influence (P>0.05) CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. In response to increasing nitrogen application level, ADF content increased (P<0.05) but TDN content and RFV decreased (P<0.05). The Barley-legume mixed sowing and increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure also significantly enhanced (P<0.05) feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) having 450 kg body weight with 400 g of daily gain. Findings of present study indicated that barley-legume biculture not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity of forage as compared to WCB monoculture. This would be contribution to the diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality organic forage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

The aerial parts of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, three cycloartane-type triterpnoids and one ursane-type triterpenoid were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were determined as wrightial (1), wrightial acetate (2), 27-norcycloart-20(21)-ene-25-al-3${\beta}$-ol acetate (3) and ursolic acid (4). No report has been found for isolation of compound 3 in the literature so far, and compounds 1, 2 and 3 were the first to be isolated from Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk). Also, compound 1 showed Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT-1) and hACAT-2 inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 33.0 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited hACAT-1 activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 12.0 and 16.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.331-336
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• 2018

Oral health is an essential requirement for maintaining and promoting health and quality of life while aging. It is known that there is a deep connection with hygienic management of dentures. However, despite the emphasis on the importance of clean management of dentures, there is a lack of quantitative research on denture-related detergents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate food stain removal performance of three denture cleansers containing proteolytic enzymes. In addition, this study provides basic data on self-cleaning methods using detergents and suggests ways to improve effective treatment for oral health of elders in domiciliary care. In order to obtain quantitative data concerning food stain removal performance of each proteinase denture cleaner, the test evaluation method proposed by the Korean Consumer Agency, ISO 20795, was used. A total of 18 specimens were discolored for 48 hours in water dissolved with turmeric, and then washed with each denture cleaner for 24 hours. The cleaned denture specimens were measured quantitatively using a spectrophotometer to measure the color values of the denture specimens before the discoloration as well as the color values of the discolored specimens after cleaning with the denture cleanser. The experimental values were analyzed through one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's test, and statistically significant differences were found among the experimental groups. It was found that C had statistically significant stain removal performance compared with A and B(p<.05). All experiments were conducted for a total of 21 days, from July 3- 23, 2017. This study confirms that denture cleansers is a beneficial self-denture management method for domiciliary seniors. Therefore, it is necessary to extend accessibility for denture cleansers in order to to optimize domiciliary care for elderly oral hygiene and health.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 1976

Experiments were carried out to establish the effects of acids in neutralization after alkaline treatment of rice straw, with which cellulosic single cell protein can be produced by cellulose utilizing bacteria, Cellulomonas flavigena KIST 321, previously isolated by authors. Following results were obtained. 1. Rice straw as carbon source was pretreated with 10 volumes of 1 normality of NH$_4$OH or NaOH(NaOH/substrate：40％, and then washed with water or neutralized with H$_3$PO$_4$, H$_2$SO$_4$, HCl and CH$_3$COOH. Among the above mentioned methods, neutralization with H$_3$PO$_4$after alkaline treatment was proved to be the most effective on its digestibility and SCP production. Dry cell 12.28g/$\ell$ and 78％ digestibility were obtained. 2. When rice straw was treated with NaOH solution, the result suggested that the productibity of cell-mass was attained on treatment of rice straw with 6％ of NaOH (NaOH/substrate ratio) for 15～24hrs at room temperature. 3. When rice straw was treated with NaOH, a volume of water to substrate is adequate by two or three fold and the amount of NaOH can be economized up to 5％ for the weight of rice straw. 4. The steaming of rice straw at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 30min. in alkaline treatment of rice straw gave the similiar effectiveness to that at room temperature for 15～24hrs. and accelerated the sterilization of the substrate. 5. Finally, the level of inorganic phosphate in a medium was investigated. 11.2g of dry cell was produced at the concentration of 0.2％, phosphate (phosphorous level 0.04％) in medium even though treated rice straw was neutralized with HCI instead of H$_3$PO$_4$, and 12.2g/$\ell$ at the concentration of 0.3％ phosphate (phosphorous 0.04％) on neutralization with H$_2$SO$_4$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

The introduction of neo-Confucianism as the ideological foundation of Joseon, and its root Confucianism have become the origin of the life, scholarship and ideology of the Korean people. Additionally, it was considered the best to follow the teachings of the discipline's advocates including Confucius (孔子), Mencius (孟子), Zisi (子思), ZhuXi (朱子). Among these teachers, ZhuXi was the one who overtly presented the way of self-discipline, of which goal lies in attaining the character by the manifestation of vitality (氣 ki) and rationality (理 i) and contemplating on them. As he regarded natural places with mountains and waters as stages and tools for practicing toward the enlightenment, Confucian scholars in Joseon also followed his example in the spirit of honoring and studying ZhuXi (尊朱子, 學朱子), which became the basic thoughts and practical philosophy among them. Ryu, Junggyo, the neo-Confucian dogmatist, was no exception to applaud the nature, as he designated and ruled Okgye Gugok. On the basis of these backgrounds, this study aims to estimate the geographic places of Okgye Gugok, which was set by Ryu, Junggyo, a Confucian scholar in late-Joseon period, by collecting and analyzing the basic data, starting from Gareung-gun Okgye Sansugi(嘉陵郡玉溪山水記) which is the primary text authored by Seongjae Ryu, Junggyo. The literature study is followed by ten field trips to the estimated locations of Okgye Gugok, and verification of the estimations by three locals who were born and raised in Okgye Gugok. Coordinates and photographs were obtained as spatial data for each location of nine Gok(曲) estimated through this study. They will serve as a primary and critical data for story-telling and tourism resource in Okgye Gugok. The significance of this study is that it provides the primary data for designating the locations of Gok(曲) in Okgyeo Gugok.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare anticancer and immune activities between natural Artemisia capillaris Thunb. extract and tissue cultured plant extract (hairy root, in vitro culture, callus). The inhibitory effect of cancer cell growth, human B cell growth and productivity of cytokines were examined. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the components. The anticancer activities increased by more than 55% with the cultured callus of Artemisia capillaris T. for four cancer cell lines(Lung carcunoma, Stomach adenocarcinoma, Hepatocillular carcinoma, Breast adenocarcinoma), showing higher effect than natural Artemisia capillaris T. The extracts from hairy root and in vitro culture of Artemisia capillaris T. significantly increased the immune B cell growth. The immune B cell growth effect of natural Artemisia capillaris T. was higher than that of the tissue culture plants such as hairy root, in vitro culture and callus. Both natural and tissue cultured plants showed similar effects on cytokine secretion. The similar peak size was observed between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus in HPLC analysis. As a results, the biological activities were not observed the difference between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus. Thus, the cultured callus will be altered natural Artemisia capillaris T. in the environmental side and the resources preservative side

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.169-181
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• 2014

Korea government has consistently investigated the development of economic mineral deposits in the Tofua volcanic arc, Tonga since 2008 for the secure of sea floor mineral resources. We studied the composition and distribution of minerals formed by hydrothermal activity around TA 25 seamounts of the Tofua volcanic arc, Lau Basin, Tonga, using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. We used 7 core samples and 9 surface sediment samples. Barite, sphalerite, and clinoclase are present in the most volcanic vent area. Gypsum, smectite, and kaolin mineral are distributed in vent A area, chalcopyrite, pyrite, smectite, and kaolin mineral are in vent B and C area, and gypsum, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and goethite are in vent D area. From the study of clay fraction, smectite and few kaolinite are detected in the most studied area except inner part of caldera, which suggest that argillic alteration are dominant in the volcanic vent areas. Various sulfide or arsenide minerals were found in the hydrothermal vent B, C, and D. The mineralogy and geochemistry suggest higher hydrothermal activities in volcanic vent B, C, and D compared to vent A and inner caldera area. Therefore higher probabilities of massive sulfide deposits may occur in hydrothermal vent B, C, and D.