• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.215-233
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• 1998

The object of this study is 27 patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center during 6 months from January 1998 to June 1998. We proceeded the judgment of Sasang Constitution by Questionaire of Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II). The following conclusion were made in comparison with Questionaire of Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II) and Questionaire of Pusan Sasang seminar. 1. The subject of "the facial type is small and sharp" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Taeumin group and Soyangin group. 2. The subject of "the walking form is fast and shake the body" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Taeumin group and Soeumin group is less than Soyangin group. 3. The subject of "the skin type is white and thin" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Soyangin group, and the frequency of Taeumin group is low marks. 4. The subject of "the skin type is tender and dry" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Taeumin group and Soyangin group is less than Soeumin group. 5. The subject of "the image of face is smart" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Taeumin group and the frequency of Soyangin group is low marks. 6. The subject of "the sweating type is not sweatier" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Taeumin group and Soeumin group is less than Soyangin group. 7. The subject of "the desire of eating is changeable accoding to emotion" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Taeumin group and Soyangin group. 8. The subject of "the health is changeable accoding to the type of stool" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Soyangin group and the frequency of Taeumin group is low marks. 9. The subject of "the type of voiding is changeable accoding to the drinking when they have a fever" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Taeumin group and Soyangin group is less than Soeumin group. 10. The subject of "the skin type is soft" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is more than Taeumin group and Soyangin group. 11. The subject of "the chief complaint is the forgetfulness" is significant differences in Sasang Constitution classification. The frequency of Soeumin group is less than Taeumin group and Soyangin group.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2009

The Tamar rift valley runs through the City of Launceston, Tasmania. Damage has occurred to city buildings due to earthquake activity in Bass Strait. The presence of the ancient valley, the Tamar valley, in-filled with soft sediments that vary rapidly in thickness from 0 to 250mover a few hundreds metres, is thought to induce a 2D resonance pattern, amplifying the surface motions over the valley and in Launceston. Spatially averaged coherency (SPAC), frequency-wavenumber (FK) and horizontal to vertical spectrum ratio (HVSR) microtremor survey methods are combined to identify and characterise site effects over the Tamar valley. Passive seismic array measurements acquired at seven selected sites were analysed with SPAC to estimate shear wave velocity (slowness) depth profiles. SPAC was then combined with HVSR to improve the resolution of these profiles in the sediments to an approximate depth of 125 m. Results show that sediments thicknesses vary significantly throughout Launceston. The top layer is composed of as much as 20m of very soft Quaternary alluvial sediments with a velocity from 50 m/s to 125 m/s. Shear-wave velocities in the deeper Tertiary sediment fill of the Tamar valley, with thicknesses from 0 to 250m vary from 400 m/s to 750 m/s. Results obtained using SPAC are presented at two selected sites (GUN and KPK) that agree well with dispersion curves interpreted with FK analysis. FK interpretation is, however, limited to a narrower range of frequencies than SPAC and seems to overestimate the shear wave velocity at lower frequencies. Observed HVSR are also compared with the results obtained by SPAC, assuming a layered earth model, and provide additional constraints on the shear wave slowness profiles at these sites. The combined SPAC and HVSR analysis confirms the hypothesis of a layered geology at the GUN site and indicates the presence of a 2D resonance pattern across the Tamar valley at the KPK site.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.992-999
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Bambusae Caulis in liquamen (BCL) on blood circulation in animal models. Previous studies on BCL have shown effects on thrombolytic activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. In the mouse model, the triglyceride content were 301.5 mg/dL in the high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% group, 289.2 mg/dL in the high fat diet+BCL II 0.05% group, which was significantly lower than the high fat diet group. The total cholesterol content was 311.9 mg/dL in high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% and 293.7 mg/dL in high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% 0.05%, respectively, which was significantly lower than the high fat diet group. The HDL-cholesterol level was 206.0 mg/dL for the high fat diet, 196.6 mg/dL for the high fat diet+BCL II, and 189.2 mg/dL for the high fat diet+BCL II. There was no significant difference between the 0.01% and 0.05% groups. The high-fat diet+0.05% group was significantly improved in the blood flow compare to the high fat diet and the high fat diet+0.01% group. Platelet aggregation inhibition ability was inhibited in the high fat diet+0.01% and 0.05% groups compared to the high fat diet group.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.485-498
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• 2015

The need for forest therapy programs has been increasing. For more effective forest healing, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of participants and develop and operate more targeted and differentiated forest therapy programs accordingly. In this study, the relationships between MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) personality types and the relationship between the temperaments of MBTI and the preference for the forest therapy programs were analyzed respectively in pursuit of the basic data required for the effective development and operation of forest healing on the basis of individual characteristics. The survey on the forest therapy program and MBTI personality tests were conducted for 245 normal adults. Using the SPSS 21.0 program analysis, data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to obtain the difference of preference on the forest therapy program according to the personality type. The Extraversion(E)-Introversion(I) types showed differences in technique-based breathing exercises, walking in the forest(wearing shoes), laughter therapy in the forest, viewing the forest, forest bathing, wind bathing and sun bathing. And the Sensing(S)-iNtuition (N) types had marked differences in listening to the sound of water flowing, drinking herbal tea and sleeping in the forest. The Thinking (T) -Feeling (F) types marked differences in soaking hands and feet in water and sleeping in the forest. The Judging (J)-Perceiving (P) types had differences in vision quest and viewing the forest, respectively, in statistics. Depending on the temperament of the character, there were statistically significant differences in preferences such as drinking herbal tea, eating natural food, sleeping in the forest, viewing the forest and listening to the forest commentary. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for forest healing program development and operation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 2011

In this studies, contents and activities of antioxidative substances in the fruits of a pear cultivar and five Korean wild pear lines were investigated. The content of total phenolic compounds was highest with Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta "Shingo" (7.68 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.) while total flavonoids was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula (5.66 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.). The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids varied according to plant species, but in general pyrifolia lines had higher total polyphenols than total flavonoids whereas in ussuriensis lines total flavonoid contents were higher than total polyphenols. The scavenging effects of DDPH radicals was highest with highest with P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis ($RC_{50}$=1.45 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and that of ABTS radicals was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula ($RC_{50}$=0.69 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). A pear cultivar "Shingo" showed highest total polyphenol content, but scavenging activity of DDPH and ABTS radicals was lowest. The fruits of P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis contained low level of phenolic compounds, but their scavenging effects on two radicals was superior. Ferrous ion chelating effect was high in P. pyrifolia var. culta (98.93%), and in P. ussuriensis var. sinensis (68.71%), but two species had low scavenging activity. The content of phenolic compounds in wild pears was not always directly proportional to the radical scavenging activity. Neither radical scavenging activity was to ferrous ion chelating activity. In conclusion the fruits of P. ussuriensis var. acidula, P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis, and P. ussuriensis var. sinensis had great potential for the development of new antioxidative functional food because their antioxidative activity is higher or at least similar to P. pyrifolia var. culta. However, due to their different levels of antioxidative effects, the development of methods of using them jointly, not singly, to obtain maximum level of antioxidants is recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2002

Recombinant human $interleukin-1{\beta}$ $(rhIL-1{\beta})$ regulates several activities of the osteoblast cells derived from mouse calvarial bone explants in vitro. $rhIL-1{\beta}$ stimulated cellular proliferation and the synthesis of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and plasminogen activator activity in the cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the induction of osteocalcin synthesis and alkaine phosphatase activity in response to vitamine D, two characteristics of the osteoblast phenotype, were antagonized by $rhIL-1{\beta}$ over a similar dose range. This study supports the role of $IL-1{\beta}$ in the pathological modulation of bone cell metabolism, with regard to implication in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by $IL-1{\beta}$. When the mouse calvarial bone cells were used, the bone resorption induced by $IL-1{\beta}$ was strongly inhibited by calcitonin treatment, indicating osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. On the other hand, the medicinal extracts of Taeyoungjon-Jahage (T.Y.J-J.H.G extracts) was tested for whether they could inhibit $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ $PGE_2$ production. Cell viability was not significantly affected by treatment with the indicated concentration of the extracts. The T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts were shown to have the inhibitory effects against the synthesis of $PGE_2$. We also examined the effect of the pretreatment with a various concentrations of the T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts then treated the $PGE_2-induction$ agents. Pretreatment of the T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts for 1 h, which by itself had little effect on cell survival, did not enhance the synthesis of $PGE_2$. Furthermore, the T.Y.J-J.H.G. extracts were shown to have the protective effects against plasminogen dependent fibrinolysis induced by the bone resorption agents of $IL-1{\beta}$. Pretreatment of the T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts for 1 h did not enhance the plasminogen dependent fibrinolysis. Finally, calcitonin showed the inhibitory activity the $IL-1{\beta}-stimulated$ bone resorption in the mouse calvarial bone cells having both of the osteoblast and osteoclast cells. Seemingly, pretreatment of the T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts for 1 h reduced the bone resorption. These results clearly indicated that calcitonin and T.Y.J.-J.H.G. extracts play key roles in inhibition of the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2004

Purpose : To study the feasibility of verifying real-time 2-D dose distribution measurement system with the scintillation screen for the quality assurance. Materials and Methods : The water phantom consisted of a scintillation screen (LANEX fast screen, Kodak, USA) that was axially located in the middle of an acrylic cylinder with a diameter of 25 cm. The charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was attached to the phantom In order to capture the visible light from the scintillation screen. To observe the dose distribution In real time, the intensity of the light from the scintillator was converted to a dosage. The isodose contours of the calculations from RTP and those of the measurements using the scintillation screen were compared for the arc therapy and the Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Results : The kernel, expressed as a multiplication of two error functions, was obtained in order to correct the sensitivity of the CCD of the camera and the scintillation screen. When comparing the calculated isodose and measured isodose, a discrepancy of less than 8 mm in the high dose region was observed. Conclusion : Using the 2-D dosimetry system, the relationship between the light and the dosage could be found, and real-time verification of the dose distribution was feasible.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

A 1-year-old, female English cocker spaniel (ECS) dog was presented with 3-month history of vomiting and retaking of the vomitus, and chronic weight loss. The client had noticed mild abdominal distension 10 days before. The dog was diagnosed as chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis based on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, ascites assessment, bile acid evaluation, and liver biopsy through exploratory laparotomy and necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed mild anemia, slightly elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), increased creatinine kinase (CK), hyperammonemia, and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was transudate according to analysis of components. Bile acid assessment (fasting; $174.4{\mu}mol/L$ and postprandial; $198.4{\mu}mol/L$) showed strongly suspected hepatic insufficiency. On radiological findings, ascites was evident. Atrophied liver (especially left side lobes) and distended mesenteric vasculatures were observed by exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of marginal lesion of left lateral lobe of liver by biopsy revealed the necrosis of hepatic cells, dilation of sinusoids, infiltration of neutrophils in sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatic cytoplasm. The patient had been managed with careful low protein diet and specific supportive therapy (ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisolone, vitamine E, and interferon). Vomiting and ascites disappeared with medical management. The dog was monitored periodically by CBC, serum chemistry and radiographic examination. The dog survived more 18 months with medical therapy. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2009

The cytochrome P450s (P450s) metabolizing natural products are among the most versatile biological catalysts known in plants, but knowledge of the structural basis for their broad substrate specificity has been limited. The activity of p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) is thought to be essential for the biosynthesis of lignin and many other phenylpropanoid pathway products in plants however, all attempts to express and purify the protein corresponding C3H gene have failed. As a result, no conditions suitable for the unambiguous assay of the enzyme are known. The detailed understanding of the mechanism and substrate-specificity of C3Hdemands a method for the production of active protein on the milligram scale. We have developed a bacterial expression and purification system for the plant C3H, which allows for the quick expression and purification of active wild-type C3H via introduction of combinational mutagenesis. The modified cytochrome P450 C3H ($C3H_{mod}$) could be purified in the absence of detergent using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography following extraction from isolated membranes in a high salt buffer and catalytically activated. This method makes the use of isotopic labeling of C3H for NMRstudies and X-ray crystallography practical, and is also applicable to other plant cytochrome P450 proteins.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2018

Agaricus blazei mycelial liquid culture extract (ABMLCE) promoted the production of testosterone (TS) in TM-3 mouse Leydig testis cells. Now, we report that ABMLCE containing eritadenine (EA) as a minor constituent (15.3 mg/100 g) reduced $5{\alpha}-reductase$ 2 ($5{\alpha}-R2$) enzyme activity and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) content which are key constituents for the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) inductions. RWPE-1 prostate cells were grown in a Keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM) containing ABMLCE (0~50 ppm), EA (0~10 ppm,), and finasteride (FS $10{\mu}M$: a positive control) in a 24-well plate for 24 hr. Supernatants collected from cell-cultured media were used for the assay of $5{\alpha}-R2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activities, and for TS, DHT, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) contents by their assay kits. The $5{\alpha}-R2$ activity and DHT content were proportionally reduced (p<0.05) to concentrations of ABMLCE. The SOD and CAT enzyme activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated concomitant with ABMLCE concentrations, while COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ showed reverse results (p<0.05). Similarly, the effects of EA were similar to those of ABMLCE. Efficacies of ABMLCE 50 ppm and EA 10 ppm in $5{\alpha}-R2$ and DHT reduction were similar to those of $10{\mu}M$ FS. These results suggest that ABMLCE and EA reduced $5{\alpha}-R2$ and DHT through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. This implies that ABMLCE containing EA could be a beneficial material in the cure of BPH in humans.