• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.527-528
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 사용자에게 편의성을 제공하며 기존 물물거래 시스템의 단점을 보완한 웹기반의 물물교환 시스템을 제안한다. 대부분 사람들이 중고거래나 필요 없는 물품에 대해 판매를 하는 목적은 자신에게 필요 없는 물건을 처리하고 필요한 물건을 구매하기 위해서이다. 이러한 사용자들의 관점에서 보았을 때, 필요한 물건을 얻기까지의 과정이 장시간 걸린다는 단점이 있으며, 사람들이 필요 없는 물건을 버려 낭비되고 과소비되는 경우도 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결해서 필요 없는 물건을 필요로 하는 사람과 물물교환을 하여 불필요한 소비를 줄이고 필요한 제품을 서로 쉽게 찾고 교환할 수 있도록 사용자에게 편의성을 제공하는 물물교환 시스템을 제안한다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1 s.356
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• pp.78-79
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• 1999

정보기술의 발전으로 이제는 한개의 컴퓨터망을 통해 전 세계가 시간과 공간의 제한을 받지 않고 정보교환은 물론 물물교환까지 할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 전자상거래는 이제 국내에서도 백화점ㆍ서점 등 쇼핑몰로 이뤄지고 있으며 대기업들은 무역결재까지 할 수 있도록 서두르고 있다.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.148-151
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• 2003

인간은 일찍이 지표상에서 하천, 동굴, 구릉 및 산록 등에 다양한 거주 공간을 형성하여 왔다. 물론 이러한 공간의 점유는 단순한 의미만을 가지는 것은 아니다. 식량 구득을 위하여 경지가 필요하였고, 그렇지 못한 장소는 잉여 물자의 물물교환이 이루어지면서 장소를 점유하게 되었다. 하천이나 바다에 의해 분리된 지역 간의 교류는 배라는 교통수단이 필수적이다. (중략)

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.4 no.12 s.38
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• pp.60-63
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• 1972

[ $\lceil$ ]미합중국 초창기의 역사는 바로 개척사였다. 당시 거의 대부분의 이주민들은 농업부문에 종사하였으며 그들은 억척스런 정신으로 먹을 것 입을 것 주거할 곳 수송수단등을 스스로 마련하였으며 소비하는 것보다 생산량이 많으면 이 여분으로 자기가 생산할 수 없는 물건과 거래를 하였다. 가난한 농부들을 농업 분야에 대해 연구하여, 배우려고 많은 노력을 하였으며 이로서 그들은 더 많은 생산을 올릴수 있게 되었고 그 규모도 크게 번창하였다. 농사는 하나의 기업화가 되었고 초라했던 농사꾼은 일약 기업경영자가 되었다. 농업분야의 하나인 양계업 역시 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 겨우 식탁에 계란을 공급하고 식료품상에서 물물교환으로 사용되었던 것이 이제는 이익을 얻기 위해 영위되는 비지니스화 되었다. 기업 운영에 있어 사업의 경과는 계속 기록 유지 되어야 하며 또 그것은 철처히 연구 분석되어져야 하는 것이다. 기록없는 경영이란 있을 수 없다. 발전된 한국의 양계산업에 있어 최고 양계 경영자로의 길이 여기에 있는 것이다.$\rfloor$

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

In 1749, during an incident near the Tumen River in Hunchun, six people, all Qing ginseng pickers, were killed by seven Korean soldiers from the Chosŏn garrison. The Chosŏn soldiers encountered the ginseng pickers on the border and agreed to exchange goods, but when they failed to receive the proper price for rice, the soldiers became angry and decided to attack the Qing ginseng pickers. The seven Korean criminals were executed a year and a half after the incident. The whole process regarding the arrest and investigation of the criminals, as well as the official exchanges between the Qing and Chosŏn governments, were recorded in detail in the Chosŏn document written in Chinese and the Qing documents written in Manchu. In dealing with this murder case, the Qing local officials focused on identifying the murdered victims, clarifying the victims' responsibilities, and disposing of their remaining belongings. On the other hand, the Chosŏn government focused on providing reports quickly to the Qing officials about the investigation of the criminals. In doing so, it tried to reduce the risk of any possible problems that the murder case on the border could cause in its relations with the Qing government. The relevant records on this murder case show various aspects of the Qing and Chosŏn relations, including the contacts between the people along the Tumen River, border trespassing, material exchanges, rules about ginseng picking, and border patrols. This case also reveals that the Qing and Chosŏn people from various classes had different relationships depending on their respective interests.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.189-200
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• 2005

Paper currency is a cultural symbol sign representing identity of a nation as well as a tool of barter system and a measure of value. The purpose of this study is to analyze the design characteristics shown in the pattern of the paper currencies of advanced countries and Korea and to make comparative analysis of the image type of each nation as a cultural code. The results show that 1) the usability of paper currency design was evaluated by denominations, size type, color, braille system and the paper currencies of Switzerland and EU were judged superior to those of the other counties. 2) The national image type represented paper currencies was classified as 'state oriented type' and 'culture & art oriented type'. The countries of Korea, U.S.A, Japan etc. have on the paper currencies the ruling class who contributed to organizing the national system foundation emphasizing their nationalism. In the case of European countries, their paper currencies reveal a variety of citizen who have contributed to art, science, music, architecture without distinction of gender and this fact puts an emphasis on egalitarianism and equality of both senders and importance or cultural art. 3) Paper currency design of Switzerland, Netherlands, France, U.K. was visualized as an art work with utilization of work-type subject, brilliant color, CG technique, unique layout etc. This study provides us with a valuable opportunity to examine the present state of the Korean paper currencies design in Comparison With those of the world's advanced countries. It is expected that this study could be a resource material for new paper currency design and emphasize the importance of the paper currencies representing a national image as a cultural design.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-134
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• 2021

This paper suggests that the Internet is not free through analysis of U.S. Internet history and lawsuits related to the Charter merger in 2016. Generally speaking, the players in internet connectivity market agree to Non-Disclosure Agreement, when connecting their facilities and networks each other. So, I adopted the case study & analysis as research methodologies due to limitation of collecting the transaction data between them. The former finds that Internet access has never been free in U.S Internet history. As we know, some including Content Providers(CPs) argue that the Internet is a free network and there are many cases to use the internet for free, so they came to conclusion that ISPs have no right to charge the users like CPs. This study refutes these arguments in two ways. One is that using the internet has never been free. From ARPANET, known as the beginning of the U.S. Internet, to the commercialization of backbone, no Internet has been considered or implemented for free since the early Internet network was devised. Also, the U.S government was paying subsidies or institutions were paying fees to secure network operations for the NSFNET backbone. the other is that "free peering" refers to barter transactions between ISPs, not to free access to counterpart internet networks. Second, this study analyze the FCC' executive order of conditioned merger approval and the court's related ruling and verify that using the internet is not free. According to the analysis, this study finds that it's real situation to make paid settlements between ISP-CPs (including OTTs) in the US Internet market at the moment. This study concludes that the Internet has never been free in terms of its technical characteristics, network structure, network operation, and system. Also it proposes how to improve the domestic settlement system between ISPs-CPs in terms of policy and regulation.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2021

Labor contracts appear in form as an exchange relationship between labor products and wages, but since they transcend the level of simple barter, they can be economically identified as "trading" and can be identified as "rental." From a legal point of view, a legal device that legally supports and imposes binding force on commodity exchange relations is a contract. Such a labor contract led to a relationship in which wages were received and a certain amount of time was placed under the direction and supervision of the employer as a counter benefit to the receipt of wages. Since working hours are subordinate hours with one's labor under the disposition authority of the employer, long hours of work can be done for the health and safety of workers and furthermore, it can be an act that violates the value to enjoy as a human being. The reduction of working hours needs to be shortened in terms of productivity and enjoyment of workers' culture so that they can expand and reproduce, but users' corporate management labor and production activities should also be compatible compared to those pursued by capitalist countries. Working hours can be seen as individual time and time in society as a whole, and long hours of work at the individual level are reduced, which is undesirable at the individual level, but an increase in products due to an increase in production time at the social level can help social development. It is necessary to consider working hours in terms of finding the balance between these individual and social levels. If the regulation method of working hours was to regulate the total amount of working hours, flexibility and elasticity of working hours are a qualitative regulation method that allows companies to flexibly allocate and organize working hours within a certain range of up to 52 hours per week. Accordingly, it is necessary to shorten working hours, but expand and implement the flexible working hours system according to the situation of the company. To this end, it is necessary to flexibly operate the flexible working hours system, which is currently limited to six months, handle the selective working hours by agreement between employers and workers, and expand the target work of discretionary working hours according to the development of information and communication technology and new types based on the 4th industrial revolution.