• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2001

The Charm is composed of various kind of ancient signs, letters and systematic characters so that they delivers messages with many expressions. They, compared with the experimental typography, are more logical and experimental than we generally think. Also, they have meanings and attributes as characters do, in which there are symbols, hieroglyphs, pictures and other similar words. Each attribute diverse from symbolic meaning, associates to deconstruction of letters. It is needed to review the experimental attributes of charms with the view of structural typography for potentialities of expression. The purpose of the study is to analyze and classify the morphologic construction of charms so that we can find the possibilities of applying the attributes to visual languages and typography. Future study seems to be extending the area of expressing of typography fit for our own culture, not for Western

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2006

In distributed wireless sensor network, it is difficult to transmit and analyze the entire stream data depending on limited networks, power and processor. Therefore it is suitable to use alternative stream data processing after classifying the continuous stream data. We propose a classification framework for continuous multivariate stream data. The proposed approach works in two steps. In the preprocessing step, it takes input as a sliding window of multivariate stream data and discretizes the data in the window into a string of symbols that characterize the signal changes. In the classification step, it uses a standard text classification algorithm to classify the discretized data in the window. We evaluated both supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms. For supervised, we tested Bayesian classifier and SVM, and for unsupervised, we tested Jaccard, TFIDF Jaro and Jaro Winkler. In our experiments, SVM and TFIDF outperformed other classification methods. In particular, we observed that classification accuracy is improved when the correlation of attributes is also considered along with the n-gram tokens of symbols.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2003

This paper presents a text extraction method of camera based document image. It is more difficult to recognize camera based document image in comparison with scanner based image because of segmentation problem due to variable lighting condition and versatile fonts. Both document binarization and character extraction are important processes to recognize camera based document image. After converting color image into grey level image, gray level normalization is used to extract character region independent of lighting condition and background image. Local adaptive binarization method is then used to extract character from the background after the removal of noise. In this character extraction step, the information of the horizontal and vertical projection and the connected components is used to extract character line, word region and character region. To evaluate the proposed method, we have experimented with documents mixed Hangul, English, symbols and digits of the ETRI database. An encouraging binarization and character extraction results have been obtained.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

In this paper, English pronunciation system and the methods of its notations which is used in the internet web sites or in electronic English dictionaries are analyzed and new font table and its key layout are presented to input it efficiently. By using this method, English pronunciation can be inputted to the spreadsheets, databases and presentations as well as word-processors, and each application program's data can have compatibility. Furthermore, it can have compatibility within another type of computers and increase inputting speed. In the result of experiments, every data can have the compatibility in all of application programs and inputting speed is increased highly compare with using the pre-existing functions of word-processors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2011

일반적으로 문자가 있는 스토리만화는 이미지와 대사, 의성어, 의태어 등으로 상황과 이야기를 전달한다. 문자가 없이 그림과 효과선 감정기호와 같은 이미지 만으로 구성 되어지는 형식은 무언만화로 분류 되어진다. 스토리만화와 무언만화는 위의 형식적인 특징 이외에 장면 연출에 있어서도 차이가 매우 크다. 문자가 있는 스토리만화에서는 등장하는 캐릭터의 액션이나 대사와 함께 내레이션이 추가적으로 서술되어 지면서 장면전환이 이루어지고 있지만, 무언 만화에서는 오직 이미지 만으로 장면전환이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 '무언만화'로써 대표되는 마사시 타나카의 작품 <곤>과 J.C.므늬의 작품 <산란주의>를 중심으로 장면전환 시에 반복적으로 나타나는 무언만화 만의 연출적인 특징과 이미지가 가지는 '언어적 성격'에 대해 분석하였다.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-28
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• 2011

• 발명특허
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.48-52
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• 2011

과거 상표제도에서는 단순히 문자와 도형, 기호로 이루어진 형태만을 보호하였지만, 오늘날 인간의 오감을 이용한 독특한 마케팅전략과 새로운 기술의 등장 소비자 욕구의 다양화로 인해 과거의 전형적인 형태와 다른 새로운 형태가 상표로서의 기능을 수행하기 시작했다. 따라서 국내 도입을 준비 중인 소리상표와 냄새상표에 대해서 소개하고, 추가적으로 해외에서 보호를 받고 있는 위치상표에 대해서도 소개를 하고자 한다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

Though the education of culture and art for disabled children is very important, it has not been brisk yet until recently due to 'absence of the teaching methods suitable for disability types, levels and programs.'. In this situation, cartoon contents can be used as the most appropriate tools for culture and art education for mentally retarded children. Entertainment functions and genre features of cartoon contents can motivate the applicable children to participate more voluntarily and positively and function as teaching tools for interesting activities. Of course, since it is not proper to apply the cartoon contents for normal children to Special Education Field as they are, cartoon works should be made by understanding closely the characteristics and degrees of retardation of the applicable children and applying them to the composition of cartoons. However, for the contribution of this attempt to education field, it is thought that concrete guidelines for producing cartoon contents considering the concept of various types of disability, emotion, social behavioral traits, ability of cognition, school achievements, and the characteristics of language and physical health should be necessary, and to improve the application of the developed cartoon contents so that they will not remain as superficial results, sufficient communication with the applicable children such as application to classes in the process of development is necessary.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.6 s.109
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• pp.591-600
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• 2006

This paper describes the development and implementation of a algorithm to decompose word images from image regions mixed text/graphics in document images using statistical analyses. To decompose word images from image regions, the character components need to be separated from graphic components. For this process, we propose a method to separate them with an analysis of box-plot using a statistics of structural components. An accuracy of this method is not sensitive to the changes of images because the criterion of separation is defined by the statistics of components. And then the character regions are determined by analyzing a local crowdedness of the separated character components. finally, we devide the character regions into text lines and word images using projection profile analysis, gap clustering, special symbol detection, etc. The proposed system could reduce the influence resulted from the changes of images because it uses the criterion based on the statistics of image regions. Also, we made an experiment with the proposed method in document image processing system for keyword spotting and showed the necessity of studying for the proposed method.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.749-756
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• 2011

This paper propose the rule of coding for the characters and symbol, etc which are used in computer, information devices, etc. When they use the rule of coding, they may improve the efficiency of transmission in data communications by reducing the number of scrambling during the line coding in the coder in the transmitter. The paper considered the codes of two bytes(16 bits) of 4bits column ${\times}$ 4bits rows. In the paper, we applied the code system of Roman characters in KS X 1001.