• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigated the avaiability of dried Koojongsi persimmon peels (KPP) as a useful mushroom medium using Pleurotus eryngii ASI 2312. Mushroom cultivation medium used in this study was mixed with medium mixture, corn cob and sawdust (220:65:15, v/v). Dried KPP was replaced mushroom cultivation medium (control) with 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50% dried KPP. The T-N content of dried KPP treatments decreased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and C/N ratio was increased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. But T-C content of dried KPP treatments was similar to untreated control. The average cultivating periods of mycelium on dried KPP treatments was delayed to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and cultivating periods was delayed over 30% dried KPP treatments. The length of stipe of dried KPP treatments was longer than that of the untreated control to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP and thickness of stipes was tend to be thinner than that of the untreated control to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. The moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein and crude ash content of mycelial were similar to untreated control, but crude fatty acid was increased to increase replaced ratio of the dried KPP. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content of 10% and 15% treatments were higher than untreatment control. The results based on cultivation yield and ${\beta}-glucan$ content indicated that optimal mixture ratio dried KPP was 15%.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2013

Purpose: It is very important to establish the appropriate reference range in the laboratory for preventing mistakes like false positive or false negative. Because the reference range in the laboratory is standard of patient test results interpretation. Proinsulin is precursor hormone of insulin, and the importance is increasing for diagnosing diabetes or insulinoma. Proinsulin reagent used in our laboratory is produced in the USA, and the reference range provided by manufacturer was adapted to our reference range after the validation test. But, it is generally recommend for the every laboratory to establish the their own reference range. So, we decided to re-evaluate the reference range with our patients' test results. Materials and Methods: Among 737 patients who had been to health promotion center in our hospital between Dec. $8^{th}$ 2011 and Dec. $21^{st}$ 2011, 563 patients are chosen with exception of diabetics patients and patients showing abnormal test results in Fasting Glucose, HbA1c, Insulin, and C-peptide. The 563 test results (275 males and 288 females) were classified with three groups(entire, male, female), and analysis of normal distribution was performed with aid of SPSS(version 19.0). Because Each group didn't show normal distribution, the reference range was set from the lowest limit of 2.5% to the highest limit of 97.5% with Percentile method used in non-normal distribution. Results: When evaluation values are sorted in ascending order, the entire range is 4.5~52.0 pM and 5.3~51.9 pM for male and 4.5~52.0 pM for female. The calculated reference range with percentile method shows 6.7~26.5 pM for entire group, 6.8~26.5 pM for male and 6.7~26.5 pM for female, respectively. Conclusion: The reference range provided by reagent manufacturer is 6.4~9.4 pM and the one established in this study is 6.7~26.5 pM. This difference might be caused by racial characteristics between Western people and Koreans. So an ideal reference range can be gotten with normal population visiting to every hospital. Our hospital has been using the newly re-establishing reference range under consultation with the department of endocrinology since Aug. $1^{st}$ 2012.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned coal mines on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the upper reaches of the Nakdong River from May to October in 2009. Qualitative and quantitative sampling (Surber sampler: $50{\times}50$ cm; mesh size, 0.2 mm) was conducted at 7 study sites and 3 control sites in the study area. We thus sampled 117 species belonging to 53 families, 15 orders, 6 classes, and 5 phyla; the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera group (EPT-group) represented the majority of the benthic macroinvertebrate community (71 species; 64.5%). In the quantitative sampling, a total of 11,575 individuals belonging to 58 species of benthic maroinvertebrates were sampled from the study sites (Sites 1-7), whereas 2,844 individuals belonging to 79 species were sampled from the control sites (Sites A-C). Tolerant species such as oligochaetes, $Epeorus$ $pellucidus$, $Baetis$ $fuscatus$, Hydropsychidae species, and Chironomidae species were predominant in the study sites. The community indices for the study sites, such as MacNaughton's dominance index (DI) (mean${\pm}$SD, $0.52{\pm}0.21$; range, 0.33-0.85) and the Shannon diversity index ($H^{\prime}$) ($2.06{\pm}0.60$; 1.06-2.57), were different from those for the control sites (DI: $0.29{\pm}0.07$, 0.22-0.35; $H^{\prime}$: $3.13{\pm}0.14$; 3.03-3.30). In the study sites, shredders and scrapers were scarce, whereas gathering-collectors (mainly Chironomidae species) were relatively abundant, as were clingers and burrowers. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and similarity analyses showed that benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the study sites were clearly separated from those of the control sites, with the greatest dissimilarity being noted at the uppermost study site (Site 1), which is located close to an abandoned coal mine. The Korean saprobic index (KSI) and the ecological score using benthic macroinvertebrates (ESB) showed that the uppermost study site (Site 1) was ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic or heavily polluted, whereas other study sites were in a fair or relatively good condition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1163-1167
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• 2011

Excessive alcohol consumption causes various degenerative brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Absorbed ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde and acetic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde is well known as a toxicant through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, ALDH2 activity may play important roles in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ALDH2 enzyme activity on lipid peroxidation in brain tissues and urine of mice exposed to ethanol for 8 weeks. Five male, 8-week old Aldh2 (+/+) and Aldh2 (-/-) mice (C57BL/6J strain) in each group were exposed to ethanol for 8 weeks (2 g/kg wt./day) using gavage, and those in the control group received 0.9% saline alone. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, a marker for lipid peroxidation, was measured in whole brain tissue and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, chronic ethanol treatment did not show any statistical change on the TBARS level of brain tissue in both Aldh2 (+/+) mice and in Aldh2 (-/-) mice. However, following ethanol exposure for 8 weeks in Aldh2 (-/-) mice, the urinary TBARS levels were significantly increased to more than double compared to the pretreatment group. This result was not observed in Aldh2 (+/+) mice. These results suggest that although ALDH2 enzyme activity plays a role in the generation of ROS in the whole body, it does not seem to be important in the pathogenesis of alcohol induced degenerative brain diseases.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2001

The utility tunnels are the important facility as a mainstay of country because of the latest communication developments. However, the utilities tunnel is difficult to deal with in case of a fire accident. When a cable burns, the black smoke containing poisonous gas will be reduced. This black smoke goes into the tunnel, and makes it difficult to extinguish the fire. Therefore, when there was a fire in the utility tunnel, the central nerves of the country had been paralyzed, such as property damage, communication interruption, in addition to inconvenience for people. This paper is based on the fire occurred in the past, and reenacting the fire by making the real utilities tunnel model. The aim of this paper is the scientific analysis of the character image of the fire, and the verification of each fire protection system whether it works well after process of setting up a fire protection system in the utilities tunnel at a constant temperature. The fire experiment was equipped with the linear heat detector, the fire door, the connection water spray system and the ventilation system in the utilities tunnel. Fixed portion of an electric power supply cable was coated with a fire retardant coating, and a heating tube was covered with a fireproof. The result showed that the highest temperature was $932^{\circ}c$ and the linear heat detector was working at the constant temperature, and it pointed at the place of the fire on the receiving board, and Fixed portion of the electric power supply cable coated with the fire retardant coating did not work as the fireproof. The heating tube was covered with the fireproof about 30 minutes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the socio-demographic factors and the Korean consumers' palatability evaluation and to collect the sensory information for development of prediction palatability model of Hanwoo beef. Ten cuts [Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (loin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yangji (brisket)] were separated from 5 Hanwoo steer beef (28-30 months old) and prepared with the same manner for 3 different cooking methods such as boiling, grilling, and roasting. The cooked beef samples were served to 650 consumers recruited from Seoul, Joongbu, Honam and Youngnam locations and evaluated as tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability. The consumer living location, age, gender, occupation, monthly income, and cut were significantly related with the scores of sensory properties when steer beef were cooked as boiling cooking (p<0.05). The eating habit and aging of beef were also significantly related with the tenderness and overall acceptability scores (p<0.01) when beef were cooked as boiled. In grill cooking, living location, aging, and cut had the significant effect on the sensory properties of Hanwoo steer beef (p<0.01). When steer beef were prepared by Korean traditional roast cooking, consumer's sensory scores were significantly different by the living location, age, occupation, monthly income, eating habit of consumers, aging and beef cut (p<0.001). Also, results from the principal component analysis showed that palatability scores of Korean consumers were decided with different contribution rate of tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability for beef cut depending on cooking methods. In conclusion, Korean consumers' palatability for Hanwoo steer beef were related to the socio-demographic factors and the sensory scores were different by cut and cooking methods.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.333-343
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the compositional properties by different cut of Hanwoo steer beef. 10 cuts [Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (Ioin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yangji (brisket)] were prepared from 10 Hanwoo steers ($24{\sim}28$ mon old) were used for the experiment. Calorie contents were $2,205{\sim}3713.20\;cal/g$ and loin, striploin, short plate were significantly higher than the other cuts (p<0.05). Loin was highest in cholesterol content, whereas top round and eye of round were lowest among 10 cuts (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in soluble and insoluble collagen contents although chuck tender, chuck roll and bottom round contained significantly higher total collagen and loin and striploin contained significantly lower total collagen contents than the other cuts (p<0.05). The result from the analysis of free amino acids showed that glutamate and alanine contents were $275.99{\sim}536.04\;mg/100g$, $130.63{\sim}175.23\;mg/100g$, respectively and followed by arginine ($7.00{\sim}10.49\;mg/100g$), phenylalanine ($4.70{\sim}13.88\;mg/100g$), and leucine ($5.98{\sim}10.26\;mg/100g$) in 10 cuts. $1^{++}$ grade Hanwoo steer beef had significantly higher IMP (Inosine monophosphate) and inosine in eye of round (30.04% and 6.25%) and top round (33.44% and 6.28%), while hypoxanthine contents were significantly higher in chuck tender than the other cuts (p<0.05). In fatty acid analysis, there were not significantly differences in fatty acid composition among 10 cuts only except for C16:1n7, C20:3n6, and C20:4n6 (p>0.05).

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.365-391
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• 2007

As a previous study to investigate recognition gap of creativity between Korea and America, this study has examined Korean university students' implicit creativity toward Korea and America. The research method using in this study was as follows: The subject were university students in Korea, and they were asked to answer multiply for open-ended questions. For the analysis of the answers, a frequency analysis was used. The results were as follows: 1) It showed that Korean university students considered creativity trait as cognitive trait, personality, cultural trait, research and development areas and arts areas. This result means that Korean university students tend to recognize creativity similarly to the ways of established theories of creativity. 2) For the case of Korea, environmental trait like sociocultural background had great importance for all cases of creativity trait and non-creativity trait. 3) American creativity was recognized focused on individual tendency, on the while, community spirit was considered as creativity trait in Korean creativity. 4) It is considered that American culture had better condition for displaying creativity than Korean culture. 5) Traditional culture of Korea was recognized as creativity trait in terms of originality and superiority, and the possibility of modernistic use of Korean culture. 6) Creative people were ranked by artists, executives, rulers and scientists who were well-known to Korean university students. 7) In the comparison of creativity trait between the two countries revealed the traits of creative people, American creativity was reflected more than Korean creativity, This result seems that those people were favored by Korean university students who were familiar with American culture. In conclusion, this study has found another possibility of creativity of the East among cross-cultural creativity studies. Moreover, this study has suggested that traditional culture and tradition renewal, and values of the East are superior cultural resources which are not exist in the West, and those are expected to play a role in developing creativity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of minimal stimulation using rhFSH and GnRH antagonist compared with GnRH antagonist multidose protocol (MDP) in IVF treated patients with aged 40 and above. Methods: Seventy-five patients with aged 40 and above were equally randomized to minimal stimulation group (n=37) or GnRH antagonist MDP group (n=38). For minimal stimulation group, ultrasound monitoring was started on cycle day 7 or 8. Daily injections of 0.25 mg cetrorelix together with 150 IU rhFSH were started from the day at 13${\sim}$14 mm of a leading follicle diameter. For GnRH antagonist MDP group, daily injections of 225 IU rhFSH were initiated from cycle day 2 and GnRH antagonist was started at a dose of 0.25 mg/day on rhFSH stimulation day 6 or the day at 13${\sim}$14 mm of leading follicle diameter. In both groups, transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval was performed. According to cleavage and morphologic characteristics of embryos, embryos were transferred 3 to 5 days after oocyte retrieval. Results: There were no differences in patients' characteristics and cycle cancellation rate between the two groups. Total dose and duration of rhFSH used were significantly fewer and shorter in minimal stimulation group than those in GnRH antagonist MDP group. The numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes and transferred embryos were also lower in minimal stimulation group. However, there were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate between the two groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that minimal stimulation protocol provides comparable pregnancy rates to GnRH antagonist MDP with fewer dose and days of rhFSH used, and thus can be a cost-effective alternative in women aged 40 and above.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Objective: This study was performed to compare the expression of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in women with endometriosis and endometrial tissues in women without endometriosis. Methods: A total of 32 women with histologically confirmed endometriosis were recruited for study group. For controls, 34 women undergoing operative treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or benign gynecologic condition other than endometriosis were recruited. At the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy, a biopsy specimen was taken from the endometrial cavity and peritoneal endometrial implant or endometrioma whenever appropriate. We employed real time quantitative RT-PCR to quantify OPN mRNA expression of these tissues and performed western blot analysis to measure the quantity of OPN. Results: The expression of OPN mRNA was significantly higher in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis than in endometrial tissues of controls during both proliferative and secretory phase. In the eutopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis, OPN mRNA expression significantly increased during the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase in women with endometriosis as well as controls. However, in the ectopic endometrial tissue, OPN mRNA expression significantly decreased during the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase. The expression of OPN protein was significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls. Conclusion: This study shows the marked expression of OPN mRNA and protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in women with endometriosis may be associated with the adhesion and invasion of endometrial explants.