• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.185-206
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• 2013

Recent studies validate the idea that consumer judgment of products can affect consumer purchase intentions. Consumers judge products based on product quality, after sales satisfaction, and other visible values, but consumers also judge products on country-of-origin image, brand image and such intangible values. In this paper, we will examine consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, which are frequently responsible for country-of-origin prejudices, because the offending (i.e. exporting) nation has engaged in economic, political, or even military activities that the consumer finds difficult to forgive. The results of the study show a positive effect of product judgment on consumer purchase intentions, but consumer ethnocentrism and animosity negatively affect product judgment and consumer purchase intentions of foreign products. In the Chinese market, ethnocentric Chinese consumers have negative perceptions of foreign products with negative intentions to buy them. Chinese consumers have strong animosity for Japanese products, which negatively affect product judgments and purchase intentions to buy; therefore, Japanese corporations should increase cooperation with Chinese corporations. Conversely, for Korean companies, product judgment primarily affects consumers' intentions to buy; consequently, Korean companies should improve their product quality, after-sales satisfaction, brand image and other tangible aspects to improve consumer judgment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2021

Global governments and initiatives have attempted and integrated various organizational efforts to implement the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), presenting a new paradigm of sustainable development to address global issues (climate change, poverty eradication, and human rights). Recently, investment in sustainable finance has expanded to finance the attainment of goals set out in the Paris Agreement and SDGs. Non-financial factors such as environment, social responsibility, and governance (ESG) have become intangible assets that determine the future competitiveness and profitability of companies. Domestic and foreign institutional investors and asset management companies have been expanding their investments based on the ESG performance of companies. In this study, we aim to derive international standards and initiatives that require disclosure of information on corporate social responsibility activities and ESG performance and analyze construction companies' ESG activities and performance levels. The results of this study can be used as the basis to develop platforms for the construction industry ESG ecosystem and the measurement and management of intangible assets. These could ultimately contribute to overcoming the crisis in the future due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, fostering net-zero emissions, and preventing fatal workplace accidents in the construction industry.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.12
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• pp.239-254
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• 1999

There has been a lot of researches on the major motivation of consumer's choice for airlines. Due to the competition in airline industries, most of airlines offer a various level of benefits to customers such as a frequent traveller bonus, a schedule, services in flight including a meal and an entertainment program, a discounted fare and an intangible part of personal service. However, it is very difficult to measure the performance of the customers' benefit and to identify the weight of each factor being considered on the airline choice. In this paper, we focus on the airline choice process for the business travellers. The AHP is applied to evaluate the factors reflecting the business travellers' choice for airlines. This study will be useful to build a marketing plan for the business traveller's market.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.239-243
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• 2009

A various regional competitions through the introduction and settlement of a local self-government have been important in city marketing. For city developing, a serial activation polices are come and in this process the native history and cultures have recognized as the core tool of cities. For possession of city competition, we have developed the ciies's tangible and/or intangible cultural properties and make full use of a attractive asset. The city identity is estibilished and the opportunity of a special space is made. This city identity has been dependent on spending time. We suggest the strategy for city image through the historical element and the development of program for the promotion of publicity activities. The preservation and application of the modern architectures as the cultural and historical element promote the city image and build the position of city identity. We suggest the city marketing for the implication on the sustainable reproductive city.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 1997

뉴질랜드산(産) 라디아타소나무의 수간(樹幹) 및 지재(枝材)에 발달(發達)되어 있는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材), 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 특성(特性)을 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡), 주사전자현미경(走射電子顯微鏡) 그리고 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)을 이용하여 조직학적(組織學的) 및 구성요소(構成要素)의 수량적(數量的) 측면(側面)에서 비교(比較), 검토(檢討) 하였다. 조직학적(組織學的)인 면(面)에서 볼 때 춘재(春材)로부터 추재(秋材)로의 가도관(假導管) 이행(移行)은 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)보다 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 훨씬 더 점진적(漸進的)이었다. 편심생장(偏心生長)으로 인해 연륜폭(年輪幅)은 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가장 컸고 그 다음이 측면재(側面材) 및 대응재(對應材)의 순이었으며 추재솔(秋材率) 역시 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)보다 컸다. 횡단면상(橫斷面上) 가도관(假導管) 형상면(形狀面)에서 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 원형(圓形)을 나타내는 반면 대응재(對應材)와 측면재(側面材)는 각형(角形)을 띠고 있었다. 또한 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)에서만 가도관(假導管)의 세포벽(細胞壁)에 나선강(螺旋腔)과 나선열(螺旋裂) (helical cavity and check), 슬릿(slit)형(形) 벽공구(壁孔口)가 존재(存在)하였으나 $S_3$층(層)이 결여(缺如)되어 있었으며 굴곡(屈曲)된 선단(先端)과 불규칙(不規則)한 형상(形狀)의 가도관(假導管) 및 세포간극(細胞間隙)이 자주 관찰(觀察)되었다. 직교분야(直交分野) 벽공(壁孔)은 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가문비나무형(型) 그리고 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)는 소나무형(型) 벽공(壁孔)을 나타냈다. 수량적(數量的) 특성(特性) 면에서 볼 때 가도관(假導管)의 길이는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가장 짧고 측면재(側面材)가 가장 길었으며 가도관(假導管)의 벽(壁) 두께는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)보다 두꺼웠다. 수직수지구(垂直樹脂溝)는 대응재(對應材)가 그리고 수평수지구(水平樹脂溝)(방추형(紡錐形) 방사조직(放射祖織))는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 쪽이 많았다. 결론적(結論的)으로 보면 라디아타소나무의 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)는 근본적으로 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)와는 상이(相異)한 특성(特性)을 지녔으나 대응재(對應材)와 측면재(側面材)는 거의 유사(類似)한 특성(特性)을 공유(共有)하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.38
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• pp.193-224
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• 2019

Shaman's play is significant in that it provided public theater for a long time in the theatrical and dramatic history. Unlike upper class who could call entertainer or Korean geisha in the traditional society, the majority of ordinary people could see professional performances through gut. Therefore, the shaman of the traditional society pulled the play which developed in the gut and the outside play into the gut and prepared the performance street for the ordinary people. shaman's play, apart from the religious context, has also functioned as a theatrical performance. Through shaman's play, you can see the process of ritual development into play. Shaman's play is a ritual ritual of expel calamity in an agriculture based society. In Korean consciousness, evil spirits are thought to bring disease or disaster to humans, so they should be good for evil spirits. This is a ritual that goes hand in hand with the Confucian Yeoje and the Buddhist Suryukjae. Most traditional plays, including masque performance, tend to weaken and become stifling after the designation of intangible cultural properties. However, shaman's play is transformed every time it is executed and is given a new meaning. Depending on the ability of the shaman to respond to and accommodate social change, adaptability is excellent depending on the situation in the field. Shaman's play has richness, prevent calamity and playful elements such as imitation of god and sexual connection based on the element of shamanism. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the meaning and the direction of Shaman's play because it is differentiated into play including social subject beyond mere magic imitation.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.243-252
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• 2007

Nowadays, technological differences between companies have decreased and products launched show more resemblance to each other. As an alternative plan companies started developing brands. The excellence in quality of a product from a company could be easily copied, but the formless value, brand, cannot be imitated easily. More importantly, in the globally competing generation the brand provides distinctiveness and gives a solution to the relationship between consumers. Also the design image takes a big part in a company's competitiveness. The design image that represents the company reflects the brand, and it reflects the image and the philosophy of the company. And the images of each product influence the brand. Also an effective delivery of a product image would give a synergistic effect on the brand. A company could build this design identity to elevate the brand. Therefore, the identity of design image reflects the brand. Therefore a study on the area of the absence and misled identity of design image is important. This study is fixed on the idea of, development of brand to increase competitiveness, and the affiliation of design image with the identity of the brand. This study, on the basis of preceding research and theoretical background, aims to find the design identity area focusing on the product design image of the product purchased by the consumer. Firstly, we need to examine the affinity of the product image from the consumer, and analyse the direction of images to offer a solution that could advance the design identity strategy.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.43
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• pp.183-207
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• 2011

This study finds aesthetic elements and examines their aesthetic sense focusing on the melody of the piri in the completed Jongmyojeryeak with various ideational backgrounds from the views different from the aesthetic sense of Jongmyojeryeak that has been conducted so far. Jongmyojeryeak is to hold a memorial service at the place where the godship of the line of kings and queens in Joseon is set. It is the crystal of Confucian memorial ritual and representative cultural heritage of ancestral ritual culture and is designated as No 1 of national chief, intangible cultural heritage in 1964. Also, on May 18th, 2001, it was registered first in Korea as 'Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity' designated by UNESCO and was recognized of its superiority. It is not only a representative cultural heritage of ancestral ritual culture having fate with Joseon Dynasty for a long period but also has been recognized as the essence of our music compiling the holistic beauty of artistic forms according to music, songs, and dance created by our ancestors. Also, it has as its background the traditional thoughts including the Confucian thought as well as Yeak thought, Yin-Yang School, Samjae thought (三才思想), and Palgoe thought (八卦思想). This Jongmyojeryeak internalizes landscape beauty, Yojang beauty, natural beauty, magnificent beauty, and harmonious beauty. Landscape beauty can be found in Huimun and Jeonpyehuimun. Yojang beauty is the figure that is only shown in Jeongdaeup. Natural beauty is the skilled performance technique shown in the melody of variations and is connected to natural creation. It is well shown in Huimun and Jeonpyehuimun. Magnificent beauty is well shown in the melody of Botaepyeong movement. And harmonious beauty is the harmonization of dischord in Jongmyojeryeak and is well shown in Jeongdaeup's Somu distinctively showing its aesthetic sense from the view of natural, harmonious beauty in its music.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 1999

멀티미디어 서비스환경에서는 수백에서 수천의 클라이언트들이 하나의 서버에 접속되기 때문에 서버 결합이 미치는 영향이 상당히 크다. 이러한 결함은 단지 서버 자체의 장애로 끝나는 것이 아니라 그로 인해 서비스 제공자들에게 유형.무형의 막대한 재산상의 피해를 가져올수 있다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 서버를 구성하고 있는 자원(프로세서, 디스크, 네트워크)의 결함 발생을 고려한 큐잉 네트워크 모델을 개발하였다. 복수개의 M/M/1 큐를 큐잉 네트워크로 연결하여, 각 자원에 대한 접근 및 서비스를 모델링하였으며, 각 자원에서의 서비스 시간 지연 비율(큐의 응답시간)의 조정을 통해서, 서버 자원의 결함 발생을 고려하였다. 고객 도착률과 자원 고장률 변동에 대한 서버 자원의 이용률과 큐의 길이를 구하여 효율적인 시스템 구성 자원의 부분별 용량을 산정하였으며 , 또한 데이터 패킷 응답 시간 분포 및 고장률 변화에 따른 시스템의 신뢰도 수준을 계산하였다. 이와 같은 서비스 시스템 성능에 관련된 파라미터 분석을 통하여 멀티미디어 데이터 서비스 수준 (Quality of Service)에 중요한 영향을 미치는 서버 설계 요소를 파악하였고, 시뮬레이터 패키지를 활용한 모의 실험을 통하여 개발된 큐잉 네트워크 모델의 정확성을 검증하였다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.245-260
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• 2010

Collaboration among various fields appear according to rising of snack culture, polarizing phenomenon by a point to value, consumer behavior change giving importance to direct experience, and arrival of high touch age satisfied various needs and desires of consumer. Collaboration progressed limited edition form utilizes famous artist and designer's fame to promote products and upgrade their brand image through a short period agreement. This research aims at analysis about collaboration phenomenon in collaboration manners and characteristics, and understands changed socio-cultural meaning through collaboration expressed in almost all industry for high speedy changing fashion environment. This research utilizes between theoretical study and empirical analysis. For concentrated study, research period limits from 2007 to the present time 2009. This paper's purpose is studying on the socio-cultural meaning through analysis about characteristics of the trend of collaboration expressed in contemporary fashion. This research's results are as follow as; First, common life toward aesthetic surrounding, Second, introduction of high concept, Third, the power of Homo Consmus, Forth, focusing on the intangible elements and the value. This study intends to predict change of fashion design and fashion market for complicated consumer, and present fundamental materials about fashion industry and design development of the future through consideration on concrete aspect and meaning of collaboration expressed in contemporary fashion.