• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.590-602
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• 2020

This study was conducted to understand the effects of job stress, empowerment, and organizational commitment of nursing care workers on burnout For this study, nursing care workers working at long-term care institutions in Gwangju and Jeonnam were conducted. As a result of the study, it was found that excessive role, role conflict, and role ambiguity perceived by nursing care workers had a positive effect on burnout. Individual competencies, job relationship competencies, and organizational environment competencies were found to negatively affect burnout. In addition, it was found that emotional and normative commitment negatively affected burnout, and continuous commitment had a positive effect. Overall, it was found that job stress, empowerment, and organizational commitment had an effect on burnout in order. Based on the results of these studies, it is necessary to establish a fair personnel management system, such as assigning roles appropriate to the nursing care worker's ability and aptitude, selecting, placing, and evaluating targets. It is necessary to create a systematic work environment such as training and provision of supervision. In addition, nursing care workers should relieve stress that occurs in the process of performing their duties, and provide an appropriate rest area for leisure to facilitate work.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

As part of an effort to leap smart cadastre system by doing rearrangement of various mismatches in the land register, the cadastre renovation project is being recently conducted. In response to this demand, this paper proposes an image-based rapid parcel boundary demarcation plan using the high resolution aerial image with a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 5cm that matches to real ground boundary situation in residential area. To review the feasibility and accuracy of this proposed methodology, we compared the accuracy of parcel boundary point and parcel area extracted from the digital stereo plotting on the basis of results of cadastral boundary surveying and land register over the selected two test areas. The comparative accuracy result of all boundary points by digital stereo plotting is satisfied with accuracy requirement according to the criteria of the enforcement regulation of cadastral surveying, whereas it exceeded allowable error of ${\pm}0.07m$, more strictly specified in the Special Act on Cadastral Renovation. And about 20% of the total 70 parcels extracted by digital plotting are out of area tolerance in Jecheon study area, and 10% of the total 19 parcels in Suwon study area. The parcels exceeding accuracy limit are mostly due to the occlusion caused by building roof or eaves, and the obstacles such as trees existing on the boundary. Furthermore, an object identification is impossible in image because of vague boundary reference in case of nonexistence of man-made structures or natural features. Therefore, the utilization of boundary identification stickers is recommended as a solution for these types of land parcel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1987

본 연구는 경관선호에 관한 평가방법을 서술적으로 구명하면서 기존의 경관선호에 관한 평가방법이 자연적 요소를 많이 포함한 경관의 평가출 정착히 하는데 따르는 문제점을 제시하고 경관의 우연적 국면에 따라 경관선호의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Preference)을 개관하면서 경관평가의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Evaluation)에 의한 우연적 경관평가방법(Contingent Approach in Landscape Evaluation)의 가능성을 시사했다. 최근까지의 경관평가방법을 크게 분류하면 총체적(Universal) 접근방법, 개성적(Idiosyncratic) 접근방법, 조화적(Contrastic) 접근방법 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 그런데 경관성에서의 우연성을 강조함 으로써, 앞의 세방법만을 가지고서는 경관의 실체 파악이 어렵기 때문에 새로운 방법이 강구되어야 한다. 이의 한 대안으로 경관선호에 대한 평가를 우연적 접근방법으로 해결함으로써 평가영역과 평가요소를 확장시킬 수 있다. 따라서 수학적 매트릭스가 가능하다는 시사를 본 연구에서 구시하면서 새로운 평가방법으로 우연적 경관평가방법을 제시했다. 우연적 경관평가방법은 우연적 경관성에 의한 심미성을 고려하여 종합적으로 분석할 수 있으나 우연적 영역을 의도적으로 설정하지 않는 한 현실적으로 재정적 흑은 시간적 제약성을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 경관선호의 정도에 관한 평가보다는 경관의 본질을 구성하는 모든 요소를 고려한 평가가 경관선호평가에 대한 종합성을 반영할 수 있다. 경관평가의 모호성에도 불구하고 경관의 본질은 우연성에 의존한다고 본다면 우연적 경관평가방법은 크게 무리가 없다. 결국 경관은 생명성을 지니고 있기 때문에 현상으로만 볼 것이 아니라 동시적이면서 산재적 이며 상황적 다양성으로 간주해야 하며 고러란 관점을 강조한 것이 우연적 경관선호 및 경관평가에 대한 접근이라 할 수 있다.도 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 현격하게 나타났으나, 개인차를 나타내는 속성적 변수는 상호보완적인 변수기능을 수행하고 있기 때문에 다양한 행동의 설명력있는 이유로 볼 수 없다.때로는 민담에서도 풍수가 주제가 되는 경우가 있고, 일반적으로는 역사적 사실이나 인물을 통하여 취락민이지녀온 자연요소에 대한 인식관 또는 그러한 생활에서 나타나는 윤리관 등이 암암리에 표현되기도 한다. 민담을 통하여 우리는 주민들 의식 속에 남아있는 취락의 중요한 요소나 장소들을 찾아볼수 있고 더불어 이들을 중심으로 이루어 졌을지도 모를 생활모습들을 생각해볼 수 있다. 이러한 것들은 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 다른 일면 또는 때에 따라서는 극히 의도적인 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적인 한 면모 - 그 대표적인 경우로 정원을 구성하는데 개재된 인간의 의미는 무언가를 표현 또는 표출하고자 함에 있다는 점 -라 볼수도 있을, 예로써 성리학적 사고관념으로써 집과 정사 그리고 주변 경관을 자신의 내적본직 또는 윤리적 영역으로 삼아 묘사.표현.구체화 시켜가기도 한다. 최소한 동족부락의 한두 예들에서 그러한 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.540-552
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• 1997

For the scientific and systematic study of sediment deposits along Yeongsan river, total 13 core samples were taken from Yeongsan river. The thickness of sediment deposits is 22.0m at YS 1, 20.0m YS 2, 18.5m YS 3, 12.0m YS 4, 3.0m YS 5, 5.5m YS 7, 3.0m YS 8, 5.9m YS 9, 5.0m YS 10 on main stream of Yeongsan river. The thickness of deposit is increasing from upstream to downstream. The composition of sediments dominates sandy gravel on the upstream and the lower part on the downstream, and mud deposits of $11m{\sim}16m$ thick on the upper part of on the downstream(YS 1, YS 2, and YS 3). Contents of organic carbon and calcium carbonates occur being contrary to each other toward upstream. The content of organic carbon increases upstream, that of calcium carbonates decreases. According to size analysis of sediment, the content of gravel increases and mud decreases from downstream to upstream. Sediment deposits can be divided into two types whether gravel is or not. But this boundary is clear in the downstream(YS 1$\sim$YS 4) but is vague in the upstream. The result of this study could be provided engineering, environment, and architecture with geological background as the essential basis.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.888-896
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• 2013

The existing interface study has been focused on rhetorical metaphor based on a cognitive viewpoint in traditional objectivism. But the existing study viewpoint about the interface shows logical limitation by the changes in media environment. This study suggests conceptual metaphor based on embodied cognition for an alternative to solve the limitation, and research logical suitability of the existing interface environment. The result of this study is as follow; The first, the embodied cognitive viewpoint provides the interface as a space for holistic recognition communication, and the conceptual metaphor based on embodied cognition provides a well-structured metaphor logic and is a suitable metaphor to explain complicated metaphor structure. The second, the container image schema provides concrete and detailed metaphor structure than previous metaphor when it comes to explaining desktop metaphor by offering subsidiary image schema from 'IN-OUT-BOUNDARY' image schema. The third, path image schema is possible to make a concrete logic and works off the laxity and confusion of logical structure in existing metaphor by offering subsidiary image schema from 'SOURCE-PATH-GOAL' image schema. The conceptual metaphor based on embodied cognition is expected to be a basic theory to explain interfaces for various media environment by thinking of human physical experience as container and path image schema.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

There has been an increasingly high interest in gardens and garden design in Korea recently. However, the usage of the term 'garden' is extremely varied and complex, and there has been very little academic research made on the meaning of garden. Therefore, this research attempts to investigate the ideas of current gardens and to elucidate their changing patterns by means of extensive literature research and big data analysis. The notion of garden in the past was broad including not only private space such as Madang(마당) and Teul(뜰), but also even field and grass land as public outdoor space. Yet, the meaning has become smaller to merely private space due to the change of dwelling systems due to high industrial development of the 20th century. Furthermore, the introduction of urban parks as an interactive space between nature and humans, the similar spatial function of gardens, has blurred the boundary between garden and park, which created confusion in understanding the concept of a garden. After all, garden is a subject for humans. The meanings of garden need to be recognized from various points of view since garden itself is a creation by the sum of diverse fields such as natural and social sciences as well as culturology. This discussion on the meaning of garden in the present day will give a conceptual foundation for future research on gardens and garden design. Also, the big data analysis employed here as a research method can help other similar research topics, particularly semantics in landscape architecture.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.173-195
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• 2017

Recently, in South Korea, security management has been strengthened, but there have been an increasing number of cases where the main infrastructure of the country is hacked in the cyber space. South Korea is equipped with sophisticated information and communication technologies, such as Internet, but is threatened by cyber terrorism of North Korea and terrorist organizations. Nevertheless, there is a limit to how to develop a policy and strategic plan for the country, which is related to domestic terrorism and lacks legal and regulatory facilities, and therefore, in this study, proposed suggestions for building adaptive and efficient policy formulation. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of the Strategic Plan for achieving the objectives of the research, we compared the UK 's security strategy with the national security policy of the domestic government. As a result, several problems were derived: First, the domestic security strategy did not take into account the external environment. Secondly, lack of coordination with domestic cyber security goals setting and strategy is causing ambiguity and confusion. Third, the detailed plan of implementation of national security in each province is designed to ensure that there is a possibility that a mixed side effect between ministries and agencies will arise. Fourth, it was found that there was a limit to prepare the evaluation standards for the evaluation and return of domestic security policies in the country. Therefore, in order to establish a policy for the response of domestic cyber terrorism, we set up a vision from long-term perspectives and concrete targets based on the strategic approach of the security policy, It is necessary to present an assignment and formulate an efficient execution plan. It is necessary to maintain and improve the domestic safeguards in order to be able to complement the problems through evaluation and feedback.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2010

Palaces of a country can be representative aggregate of the culture and arts of the country. Palaces were used not only as a living place to protect kings and royal families and to live cultural lives, but also a political place to govern the country. Kings in Choseon founded the country on the Sung Confucianism, their philosophical background. They built Bangji and Wondo as constant reminders of their philosophy. Bangji is the most apparent characteristic in the palace gardens of the Choseon Dynasty. Finding out the original form of Jidang, restoring the original and passing it on to future generations can be passing on the spiritual culture of our ancestors. This study is done to find out or locate well preserved Jidang, transformed Jidang and lost Jidang in Changdeokgung, which is the best conserved palace of Choseon. This study is composed of Jidang which has been kept in its original state, transformed Jidang, locating lost Jidang and Jidnang which has been unearthed. The total number of Donggwoldo's Jidangs is 17; those that are kept in their original state, 4; transformed Jidangs, 5; Jidangs that were lost and have been located, 8; and newly appeared Jidangs, 2. From the results, opinions on restoration are presented. This study can be a small drop in the thin stream of tradition passing onto future generations in this world where knowledge and information are transported momentarily and the classification of culture and border is mixed, yielding vagueness.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.65
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• pp.170-181
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• 2018

Currently, urban identity is a corporate management strategy of the past, and it includes the unique history and cultural heritage of the region, and it is expected to enhance competitiveness and locality. In response, the city's identity design of 31 municipalities in Gyeonggi Province is moving away from the past, building a futuristic, concise and modern image, and building differentiated identity using geometric artificial motifs. However, despite the presence of urban identity in the past, Symbolmark's boundaries and benchmarks are becoming increasingly ambiguous as it replaces CI or acts as CI and BI by developing new BIs instead of renewals. Moreover, there are cases where the slogan containing vision is used as BI, which requires professional CIP management by presenting the status analysis and direction of municipal governments in Gyeonggi Province. Thus, in this study, the theoretical background analysis and academic study of 31 municipalities in Gyeonggi Province were conducted, and the final analysis space was analyzed by schematizing how the essential meaning of symbolism is expressed and interpreted.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1057-1081
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• 2018

This study analyzed the case of elderly care cluster in Gwangjin-gu to explore the possibilities of social economy as a provider of community-based social services. Community-based means the approach by which community organizations build a voluntary and collaborative network to enhance collective problem-solving abilities. Therefore, it is very likely that the social economy that emphasizes people, labor, community, and democratic principles can contribute to community-based social services. This study analyzed social economic network by using four characteristics of social economy suggested by OECD community economy and employment program as an analysis framework. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is found that social economy would hardly supply community-based social services through network cooperation because of a large variation in community identity, investment to new product, and labor protection. Second, community users are not the consumers of the social economy and the products of the social economy stay in market products only for the organizations in social economy. In order to create good services that meet the needs of residents, community development approaches are required at the same time. The importance of community space where local residents and social economy meet is derived. Third, public support such as purchasing support has weakened the ecosystem of social economy by making the distinction between public economy and social economy more obscure. On the other hand, public investment in community infrastructure is an indirect aid to social economy to communicate with residents and to promote good supply and consumption. In the end, community-based social services need a platform where the social economy and the people meet. This type of public investment can create the ecosystem of the social economy.