• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species. Surveys of weed species occurred in food crop (barley, maize, potato, soybean) fields were conducted in Chungnam province from April to September in 2014. Total 321 sites of food crop fields in 17 City / Gun in Chungnam province were investigated. From the result of this survey, 130 weed species in 36 families were identified and classified to 77 annuals, 27 biennials and 26 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most dominant weed species in Chungnam province food crop fields were Digitaria ciliaris (10.19%), followed by Conyza canadensis (7.82%), Portulaca oleracea (5.22%), Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum (5.21%), Capsella bursa-pastoris (3.47%) and Alopecurus aequalis (3.47%). Forty-four exotic weed species were identified. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in food crop fields of Chungnam province.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1990

Seungbong Island is situated about 100km away Inchon Port in the western sea of the Korean Peninsula. Field investigations were conducted for two days each from June 30 through July 1, 1981 and from August 20 through 21, 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Plants growing in this island consist of a total of 193 species (70 families, 151 genera, 170 species, 22 varieties and 1 forma). Pinus thunbergii was confirmed to be the dominant species. The natural degree observed in this island was high, as a whole. The coefficient of ferny plants (Pte-Q) is 0.95, lower than grass. Atractylodes japonica Koidz., Miscanthus sinensis Anders. var. purpurascense Rendle, and Rhododendron mucronulatum Turz. are distributed mainly on the forest bed of Pinus thunbergii. The poor distribution of Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus mangostanus Linne is considered attributable to the phenomenon of allellopathy caused by a chemical substance secreted from the leaves of Pinus thunbergii. The component ratio of species in this island is lower than that of other islands due probably to the small area of arable land and grassland. The poor growth of plants in the forest of Pinus thunbergii, the dominant species in this island, seems to be attributed to the low relative light intensity of the forest. Seaside plants consisting of a total of 7 species were distributed mainly in the vicinity of sandy beaches. Naturalized plants comprising a total of 11 species were relatively diversified in the number of species.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 1997

Effect of a new postemergence herbicide carfentrazone-ethyl on controlling weeds in pear orchards was examined and compared with that of glyphosate and glufosinate. Herbicides tested were applied in mid June when weeds had reached at an average height of 15 to 20cm. The experimented orchards were infested mainly by dicots of Artemisia princeps, Chenopodium album, Polygonum hydropiper, Erigeron canadensis, Commelina cummunis, Calystegia japonica, and Amaranthus ascenders, and monocots of Echinochlor crus-galli, Digitaria sangunalis, Setaria viridis, and several sedges, Carfentrazone-ethyl alone effectively controlled dicot weeds in the orchards, but not monocot weeds. Especially, sedges were not adequately controlled by carfentrazone-ethyl alone at any application rates examined. Glyphosate or glufosinate was more effective to control monocot weeds than carfentrazone-ethyl, whereas carfentrazone-ethyl exhibited higher effect on dicot weeds than glyphosate or glufosinate. Carfentrazone-ethyl mixed with glyphosate of the half recommended rate exhibited a higher degree of weed control, especially of E. crus-galli, as compared to the herbicide mixture of carfentrazone-ethyl with glufosinate of the half recommended rate. However, no phytotocixity of the herbicides to pear trees was observed. Our results demonstrate that catfentrazone-ethyl is useful to reduce the application rates and to accelerate the weed controlling effect of glyphosate or glufosinate. Thus, carfentrazone-ethyl in combination with glyphosate or glufosinate can successfully be used to control the most important weeds in orchards.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 1987

Some derivatives of 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea were synthesized by reaction of methyl isocyanate with 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives prepared by thiocyanation of various substituted anilines. The compounds synthesized were identified by IR, NMR and mass spectra as 3-(5-methyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(5,6-dimethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-ethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-methoxy benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-chloro benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, and 3-(5, 6-dichloro benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea. These compounds were subjected to the test for pre-emergence herbicidal activity in the pots with wettable powder formulation. All of these compounds showed pre-emergence herbicidal activity on the grasses (Digitaria adscendens HENR and Setaria viridis P. BEAUV) and broad-leaf weeds (Portulaca oleraces L. and Chenopodium album L.) at the dosage of 800g a.i. per 10a. Of the 6 compounds, 3-(6-ethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea showed the highest herbicidal effect on both the grasses and broad-leaf weeds. Even at the rate of 50g a.i. per 10a, this compound inhibited the growth of grasses, selectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 1984

In order to establish the chemical weed control systems in orchard, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of spray methods and mixing of herbicides. The mixtured dosage of glyphosate 100cc/10a and 2,4-D 75㏄/10a showed higher control effects than mono-treatment of glyphosate and paraquat on Artemisia vulgaris var. indica and Polygonum hydropiper L. And oxyfluorfen was more effective in reducing the cover rate and dry weight of weeds than simazine and alachlor on 75th day after treatment. In the mixing experiment of land and foliar appling herbicides. The effect of glyphosate on May 17 followed by oxyfluorfen on June 12 showed the best control effect.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate if the properly use of pesticide in Ginseng farmland at Gangwon-do, Korea. Questionnaire included 36 questions such as control method for plant diseases, pests and weeds and pattern of pesticide use was answered by 271 Ginseng farmers lived in 4 cities and 8 counties at Gangwon-do. Ginseng farmers have noxious plant diseases, insects and weeds such as leaf spot, anthracnose, snail, stem-mining fly, horseweed and hairy crabgrass. To control of these, 35% of farmers relied on various type of pesticides and 31.5% of farmers used pesticides mingling with natural enemy, microorganism and organic materials. Farmers selected the pesticide based on the their own experiences or by recommendation of market dealers and neighbors, resulting in the use of inappropriate pesticides in the Ginseng farmland(78.8 % ). They followed standard dosage of the pesticide from Handbook of Pesticide Application(96.3%). They, however, used the same pesticides from 2 to 5 years(44.1 %). This consecutive use of pesticide could be induced resistance. This survey resulted that study for pesticide resistance and systematic educational program for proper use and selection of pesticide to Gingseng farmers should be conducted in farmland at Gangwon-do, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.349-353
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• 2007

To investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on plant growth in three halophytes, Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia herbacea, and to select afforestation species for reclaimed land along the shore, this experiment was conducted by ebb and flow system added fertilize of 1/2 Hoagland solution and halophytes were cultured for 4 month treated by 0, 50, 200, 400 mM NaCl, respectively. The shoot height was increased with 0 and 50 mM NaCl treatment of Suaeda asparagoides and Suaeda maritima and decreased with 200, 400 mM NaCl treatment, whereas them of Salicornia herbacea was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower fresh and dry weight in Suaeda asparagoides. In case Suaeda maritima and Salicornia herbacea, fresh and dry weight was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower chlorophyll contents in shoot of all treatment. The proline contents of 400 mM treatment in Suaeda maritima was higher than them of other treatments. The shoot water potential was generally lower in 50mM as compared to the control in Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, significantly.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2020

최근 안전한 먹거리 생산과 치유, 교육 등 다양한 목적으로 도시농업에 참여하는 인구가 늘어남에 따라 도시텃밭의 농약, 비료 사용 등으로 인한 환경오염과 해충 피해, 농산물의 건강성 등 다양한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 도시텃밭 작물의 생육 증진, 잔류농약 문제 해결 등 농산물 안정성 증가에 기여하고자 식물추출물을 활용한 엇갈이 배추의 생육특성을 조사하였다. 선행연구 결과를 바탕으로 자원식물류 5종(쇠비름, 소리쟁이, 명아주, 박주가리, 환삼덩굴)과 허브류 5종(메리골드, 서던우드, 캐모마일, 애플민트, 로즈마리), 식용작물류 5종(양파, 마늘, 부추, 차즈기, 들깨) 등 추출 대상 식물 15종을 60℃에서 3일간 건조시켜 마쇄하였다. 이후 각 식물체 100g을 35% 에틸알코올 1,000ml에서 7일간 추출하였다. 추출물은 30%로 희석하여 주 2회씩 총 3주간 배추에 엽면살포하였다. 엽면적, 엽수, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중 등 생육특성을 7일 간격으로 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 엽면적과 엽폭은 환삼덩굴 처리구에서 104.58cm²와 9.80cm로 가장 넓었고, 엽장은 박주가리 처리구에서 25.24cm로 가장 길었으며, 지하부 생체중은 메리골드 처리구에서 6.24g으로 가장 높았다. 엽수는 애플민트와 마늘 처리구에서 6.4개로 가장 많았고, 지상부 생체중과 엽록소는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전반적으로 무처리 대비 엽면적 22%, 엽폭 18%의 유의한 생장 차이를 보인 환삼덩굴 추출물과 엽면적 12%, 엽장 17%의 생장 차이를 보인 박주가리 추출물, 엽면적 10%, 엽폭 9%의 생장 차이를 보인 양파 추출물이 엇갈이 배추 생육에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 환삼덩굴, 박주가리, 양파 등 일부 식물추출물이 엇갈이 배추의 생육을 증진시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타나 주말농장 등 도시텃밭에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 향후 식물추출물의 효과성을 증진시키기 위해 추출 방법과 적정 농도, 보관 시기 등에 대한 연구와 함께 도시텃밭 해충방제 효과를 알아보기 위한 약해검정과 살충효과를 분석할 필요성이 있다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

In order to search for distribution characteristics on C4 plants at the paddy fields, uplands, orchard and roadside in South Korea, vascular plants were investigated. Flora investigation had been carried out from May 2002 to October 2006 at 241 plots. In the results of survey, the flora of these areas consist of 74 families, 231 genera and 352 species totally. The class frequencies were arranged by the order of Magnoliopsidae (255 species), Monocotyledoneae (89 species), Pteropsida (7 species) and Sphenopsida (1 species). The number of species in each investigated agricultural field types was 55 families with 203 species in paddy field, 49 families with 218 species in uplands, 44 families with 115 species in orchard and 48 families with 202 species in roadside respectiviely. Representative species compositions of these four agricultural field types were characterized by Artemisia princeps, Persicaria thunbergii in paddy field, Artemisia princeps, Erigeron annuus in upland and roadside, Commelina communis, Digitaria ciliaris in orchard, respectively. Therefore, indicative species in agricultural ecosystem was Artemisia princeps. Among the investigated 352 species, $C_4$ plants identified were 38 species, and the occurrence ratio of $C_4$ monocotyledonous plants were higher in paddy field, orchard and roadside than upland. Such differences in the occurrence ratio of $C_4$ plants under diverse agricultural field types reflect differences in environmental condition such as micro-climate, soil moisture under various agricultural fields. Dominant $C_4$ monocotyledonous plants were Digitaria ciliaris and Commelina communis, while $C_4$ dicotyledonous plants were Amaranthus mangostanus and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum in agricultural fields. Naturalized plants were identified as 47 species and occurrence ratio were higher in upland and roadside than other agricultural field types. Among the investigated naturalized plants, $C_4$ plants were Amaranthus mangostanus and Amaranthus retroflexus. Distribution characteristics of representative $C_4$ plants in agricultural field types, revealed that the projected increase in temperature due to climate change may provide better conditions for the growth of $C_4$ plants. Thus, the necessity of long-term monitoring should be conducted on the diffusion of $C_4$ plants that may threaten influence agroecosystem in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine the dry matter yield and weed control of alfalfa according to postemergence herbicides treatment during spring seeding alfalfa. The seeding time of alfalfa was April 21, 2021, the seeding amount was 20 kg/ha, and the seeding method was by 20 cm wide. The alfalfa harvest was carried out at the early bloom stage (10% of flowering), and the harvest date was June 29, 2021. The test treatments were non herbicide (NH), hand weeding (HW), herbicide 1 (Trifluralin, H1), herbicide 2 (S-metolachlor, H2), herbicide 3 (Alachlor, H3), and herbicide 4 (Pendimethalin, H4). Alfalfa plant height was significantly highest in H2 (62.1±1.4 cm) followed by H3 (61.7±1.6 cm), HW (58.5±1.0 cm), H1 (57.2±1.3 cm), H4 (56.1±1.3 cm), and NH (54.1±1.2 cm) (p<0.05). Based on HW, H2 and H3 were high and H1 and H4 were short, but NH was significantly shorter than HW and H1~H4 (p<0.05). The dry matter yield of alfalfa in NH, HW, H1, H2, H3, and H4 were 717.2±94.2, 2,613.8±254.1, 1,667.8±94.1, 2,498.3±120.2, 2,435.0±118.3, and 1,793.7±354.3 kg/ha. HW is the highest among them (p<0.05). The feed composition of alfalfa was 22~24% of the dry matter yield, and the CP content were significantly higher in NH (23.6 %) (p<0.05). The NH had higher (p<0.05) NDF and ADF, but RFV was lower (p<0.05). The weed plant height was NH 98.0±3.3cm, HW 73.3±1.7 cm, H1 91.9±1.5 cm, H2 53.3±5.8 cm, H3 81.4±3.5 cm and H4 96.6±2.2 cm, and H2 was significantly smallest in the group (p<0.05). The weed dry matter yield was NH 4,770.4±232.5 kg/ha, HW 316.3±91.9 kg/ha, H1 2,353.4±173.7 kg/ha, H2 114.5±10.2 kg/ha, H3 752.7±440.6 kg/ha and H4 2,220.6±775.6 kg/ha. The weed control value was HW 94.1%, H1 53.5%, H2 98.2%, H3 84.9%, H4 48.7%, the weed value of H2 is similar to weed control value of HW. Considering the above results, postemergence herbicide treatment controlled weeds by more than 50% compared with no treatment, and among herbicides, H2 (S-metolachlor) was found to be on a similar level to hand weeding.