• Title/Summary/Keyword: 멸구류

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Repellent and Insecticidal Activity of Sequential Extracting Fractions Obtained from BPH-Resistant Rice Varieties against Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) (벼멸구 저항성벼 품종 추출분획물의 기피 및 살충 활성)

  • Kim, Sung-Eun;Kim, Young-Doo;Kim, Bo-Kyoung;Ko, Jae-Kwon;Chun, Jae-Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 2006
  • Rice plant extracts of brown planthopper (BPH) resistant rice varieties, Jangseongbyeo (JSB) and Hwacheongbyeo (HCB) at different growth stages (seedling, tillering, heading and ripening) were sequentially fractioned using hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and distilled water. The extracts were applied to BPH susceptible rice variety, Dongjjnbyeo (DJB), to investigate the insecticidal and repellent effects against BPH. BPH insecticidal effects were not clearly observed with almost all of the extract fractions obtained from both JSB and HCB varieties for 12 h, whereas the ethyl ether and hexane extract fractions showed about 10 to 30% of BPH mortality in 24 to 48 h of application periods. An effective BPH repellent activity was found with the applications of ethyl ether extract fractions obtained from JSB variety. The extract fractions obtained from HCB variety did not show any different repellence among the various fractions. The BPH repellent effects of the extract fractions obtained at different growth stages of either JSB or HCB varieties did not show any correlations. The effect of ethyl ether fraction on BPH repellent was continually increased by 30 h after treatment and thereafter decreased. In addition, the first sub-fraction separated by a flash column chromatography eluted with chloroform:methanol (9:1, v/v) from the BPH effective ethyl ether faction in JSB variety might be meaningful to repel BPH from BPH susceptible target rice plants. The results indicated that the ethyl ether fraction obtained from JSB was higher in repellent activity than in insecticidal activity, and suggesting that there might be specific substance(s) in the first sub-fraction (sF1) of the ethyl ether fraction in JSB that could provide repellent activity against BPH.

Monitoring on Insecticide resistance of major insect pests in paddy field (주요 벼 해충에 대한 약제저항성 모니터링)

  • Lee, Si-Woo;Choi, Byeong-Ryeol;Park, Hyung-Man;Yoo, Jai-Ki
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.365-373
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out for looking into the status of susceptibility of pest insects to insecticides. Each insect Brown planthopper(BPH), Green leaf hopper(GLH), Smaller brown plant hopper(SBPH), Rice water weevil(RWW), were captured at various areas where the host crops were being cultivated and the susceptibility level of each pest insect was investigated. The susceptibility of each pest insect varied by insect species and areas where they were caught. BPHs kept higher level of susceptibility comparing to susceptible reference strain except to most of tested insecticides except imidacloprid (Resistance ratio was 68). The susceptibilities of GLH and SBPH to most of insecticides for their control did not developed markedly since 1976 except fipronil and imidacloprid which is widely used for WRR control. The insecticides used for control of WRR were very effective even at the concentration of one fourth of recommending concentration, but in 2000 suwon strain of WRR showed markedly reduction of susceptibility to carbofuran.

Studies on the Natural Enemy Complex of Plant-leafhoppers and Their Host Relationship in Rice Paddy (수도(水稻)의 멸구 매미충(蟲) 천적(天敵)의 종류(種類) 및 이들의 기주선택성(寄主選擇性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Chang, Yong Duck
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 1985
  • This paper presents a natural enemy complex of plant and leafhoppers in rice plants and a relationship between the host insects and their natural enemies. Feeding preference of major paddy spiders have been tested. To date, 32 species of natural enemies of plant and leafhoppers have been recorded, including 30 species of parasites and predators (15 parasitoids, 14 predators and nematode) and 2 species of insect pathogens. Some of species have shown great potential for controlling plant-leafhoppers populations; parasites, Anagrus nr. flaveolus, Gonatocerus sp., Haplogonatopus atratus and paddy spiders. Pirata subpiraticus and Gnathonarium dentatum. Plant and leafhoppers-natural enemy relationship have been observed in different developmental stages of the host insects. Pirata sub-piraticus is the most active to searching the host insects and also prefered nymphs to adults.

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Screening method of varietal resistance to planthoppers labeled with radioisotope $^{32}P$ ( I ) (방사성동위원소 $^{32}P$를 이용한 멸구 류에 대한 품종저항성 검정방법에 관한 연구(I))

  • Lee J. O.;Kim Y. H.;Park J. S.;Seok S. J.;Goh H. G.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.20 no.2 s.47
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    • pp.117-121
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    • 1981
  • The screening method of varietal resistance on the plant hoppers has generally been evaluated as a reaction of plant after infesting insects. However, feeding amount of insects to the varieties was investigated in this experiment. The new method using isotope $^{32}P$ for rice varietal resistance to plant hoppers was carried out through the following method. Insects tested were caged for a few hours on the plants which had absorbed $^{32}P$ solution in small vials for $24\~48\;hours$. After feeding, insects were killed in the refrigerator with formalin solution, and then were measured by the feeding amount as a count per minute (CPM) with the G.M. Counter. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The apparatus of Type D(Fig. 2) was most effective and the safest among four others. 2. The optimum amount of $H_3PO_4$ solution was found to be $2\~3m1$. 3. Radioactivity of $0.7\mu\;Ci.\;^{32}P$ was sufficient to check varietal difference of feeding amount by the brown planthopper. 4. Radioisotope was found from the body of insects but not in the cuticular layer nymphs cast off.

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Effect of Density Variation on the Natural Enemies and Rice Pests by Application Method and Time of Carbofuran Granules (Carbofuran 입제의 처리방법 및 시기가 벼의 해충과 천적의 밀도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Jeong-bu;Cho Dong-jin;Hah Jae-kyu;Chang Sun-deok;Bark Young-do
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.23 no.4 s.61
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    • pp.233-236
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    • 1984
  • Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Carbofuran 3G on the density variation of rice pests and their natural enemies in case the insecticide was treated two times as compared with usual trials in paddy field. Even the two times application of Carbofuran 3G in the nursery boxes of machine transplanting and paddy water trials obtain same results to pests, small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatllus), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), brown planthorper (Nilaparvata lugens), white back planthopper (Sogotella furcifera), rice stem bore (Chilo suppressalis), rice stem maggot (Chlorops oryzae), rice thrips (cloethrips oryzae) as compared with usual trials. The density of natural enemies, spiders and egg parasite, Anagrus sp. of planthoppers in the two times application part of Carbofuran 3G increased 2.4 fold as compared with usual trials.

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Study on the Long-term Forecasting of Brown Planthopper Outbreaks (벼멸구 발생의 장기예찰을 위한 기초적 연구)

  • Paik Woon Hah;Paik Hyun Joon
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.16 no.3 s.32
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 1977
  • Since the outbreak of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in 1915 caused tremendous losses in rice production, one of the more effective method of prevention of such a disaster could be the establishment of longterm forecasting system, In 1916 the author indicated there was a correlation between sunspot activities and brown planthopper and the white back planthopper outbreaks. However, the examples seem to be too small size to state a definite correlation. The purpose of the present study IS to revi~w the history of the brown planthopper outbreaks, and to establish a more effective forcasting system. The present forcasting methods are based on light trap catches of adults which already migrate into this country from mainland China. The regular cycle of 11.2 years of sunspot activity began in 1710, and was continued to present. To gather more records of brown planthopper, the author checked 'Joseon Wangjo Silrok' and analized the so-called 'Hwang' 'Hwang-chung' and 'Chung' which have multiple meanings, together with 'Samguk Sagi' 'Goryo Sa' and 'Munheon Bigo.' The results obtained by the about from review of these old literature citations revealed that ten species of insect and unknown species were involved: i. e., pine moth (Dendrolimus spectabilis), army worm (Mythimna separata), brown planthopper (Nilarvata lugens), white-back planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), migratory locust (Locutsa migratoria), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis,), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa africana), rice-plant weevil (Echinocnemus squameus), cut worm (Euxoa segetum), and mulberry pyralid Margaronia pyloalis) The suspected incidence of planthopper in old records expressed by 'Hwang' or 'Chung' revealed a total or 25 out of 37 in 'Samguk sagi,' 21 out of 49 in 'Goryo sa,' 9 of 73 in 'Wanjo-silrog,' and none of 8 in 'Munheon bigo' were planthoppers. Therefore, a total of 36 out of 167 records of insect incidence in the old literature can be possibly attributed to planthoppers. The brown planthopper and white-back planthopper migrate together to Korea every year from mainland China, However, the number of each species are differ by year. In 1975 outbreak the brown planthopper was dominant; and the white-back planthopper prevailed in 1946 and 1977 outbreaks, During the course of this study, the author was able to add a new record of outbreak of planthop per. In 1916 the white-back planthopper outbreak caused serious losses in Chungcheong-namdo and Jeonla-namdo, with losses estimated as high as 160 and 190 thousand seok (23.2 and 27.5 thousand M/T), in Naju and Secheon county, respectively. Since 1912, major outbreaks of brown planthopper or white-back planthopper have been recored 5 times. These occurrences coincide and well matched the period of minimum number of sunspots, With these authenticated records of planthoppers, the author believes there is a close correlation between brown planthopper and white-back planthopper outbreaks in Korea and sunspot activities. Therefore, in years of low number of sunspots, we should watch for and expect outbreaks of these. insects. At this time, it will be necessary to provide all possible prevention measures.

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막바지 벼농사관리 및 병충해 방제

  • 최귀문
    • The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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    • v.5 no.9
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 1984
  • 한해의 농사를 마지막에 판가름할 만큼 중요한 것은 물관리, 쓰러짐방지 및 늦은 품종의 이삭도열병$\cdot$멸구류(벼멸규, 흰등멸구)방제에 달려 있다. 현재까지 잘 가꾸워 논 벼농사를 알찬 수확으로 거두어 들이려면 앞으로 남은 후기 관리사항을 잘 이행하지 않으면 달성 할 수 없다. 그러나 앞으로의 기상 전망은 무더운 날이 많을 것이고 지역적으로 돌발적인 큰비도 예상되며 최고기온은 예년$(31\sim33^{\circ}C)$보다 높고 강우량은 예년보다 많겠으며 또한 가장 두려워하는 태풍도 1개 정도가 우리나라에 영향을 줄 것으로 우려된다 하므로 모든 조건이 그리 좋은 예보는 아니며 특히 일본 기상전망에 의하면 가을이 일찍온다는 예보도 있으므로 더욱 안심이 안된다. 그러므로 벼농사 후기 관리에 주의하여야할 물관리, 쓰러짐방지 및 목도열병, 벼멸구등을 미연에 방지하도록 힘써야 되겠다.

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Arthropod Community in Small Rice Field associated with Different Planting Methods in Suwon and Incheon (파종방법을 달리한 수원 및 이천 지역 소규모 수도포장에서의 절지동물 군집)

  • 이준호;김광호;임언택
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to analyze arthropod community patterns in small rice fields associated with different planting methods (water seeding, drill seeding, and hansplanting) in Suwon and Icheon in 1994. Total 15 orders and 45 families of arthropods were collected. The arthropod community was analyzed using guild categories. The arthropods were found in the order of 'natural enemy>pest(phytophage)>non-pest' in their densities in all sites. The pest (phytophage) species were mainly Homoptera and dominated by Delphacidae (Nilaparvata lugens Stsl, Sogatella fircifera Horvath and Laodelphax striatellus Fallen) and Cicadelidae (Nephotettir cincticeps Uhler). They constituted >80% of pest abundance. Differences in pest abundance were not found among rice fields associated with different planting methods. Spiders were the most dominant group in the natural enemy and constituted >90% of natural enemy abundance. Hunting spiders constituted >SO% of spider abundance and were dominated by Pirata subpiraticus Bos. et Str. (Lycosidae). Pacliygnatha clerki Sundevall (Tetragnathidae) was a dominant species in webbing spiders. No differences were found in species richness and diversity in spider community among rice fields associated with different planting methods. The nonpest species were mainly Diptera and occurred abundantly in early growing season and decreased drastically as rice development proceeded. The non-pest abundance was higher in direct seeding sites than in transplanting site, and especially abundant in a drill seeding site.

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Relationship between Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) and Rice Diseases (멸구류(類)(벼멸구 및 흰등멸구)와 수도병해(水稻病害)의 복합발생피해(複合發生被害)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • LEE, S.C.;Matias, D.M.;Mew, T.W.;Sorino, J.S.;Heinrichs, E.A.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.24 no.2 s.63
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1985
  • The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens ($St{\aa}l$) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera(Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on the same host plant Five rice cultivars with different reactions to BPH biotype 2 were used in the study on BPH-Rhizoctonia solani relationship: IR22 and TN1 (susceptible); Triveni and ASD7 (moderately resistant); and IR42 (resistant). Test plants were inoculated with R. solani (Kuhn) $3{\sim}4$days after insect infestation. Sheath blight disease severity/incidence was significantly higher in the treatment where BPH+R. solani were together than in the treatment with only the pathogen. Symptom expression of the disease in the BPH-pathogen combination was faster and mycelial growth was more profuse inducing the formation of more infection structures. Regardless of varietal reaction to BPH biotype 2, the degree of hopperburn was significantly higher in the combination of the two pests as compared with that of BPH alone. There could be a synergistic relationship between the insect pest and the pathogen indicated by a positive interaction between the two species.

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Rapid Detection of the Residues of the Insecticide Imidacloprid (잔류 살충제 이미다크로프리드의 신속한 검출)

  • 송석진;조한근;이재구
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.440-446
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    • 2003
  • 농산물의 품질 향상과 생산성 증대를 위해 농약의 적절한 사용이 필요하다. 그러나 농약을 적절히 사용해도 수확 농산물의 표면이나 내부에는 농약이 잔류할 가능성이 항상 있다. 농약의 과다한 잔류는 국민 보건상 커다란 문제가 될 수 있으므로 농약의 잔류량을 신속히 측정할 수 있는 분석법이 절실히 요구되고 있다(박, 2003). 살충제 Imidacloprid는 유기인계 살충제로 해충에 전신마비, 이완, 활동성 저하 등을 일으켜 박멸한다. 국내에서는 귤굴나방, 조팝나무 진딧물, 벼멸구, 굼벵이 류 등의 방제를 위해 감귤, 사과, 고추, 배, 장미, 복숭아 및 벼농사에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다(Bayer CropScience-Korea, 2002). (중략)

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