• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1971

A vaccine was prepared by $10^6$ r cobalt-60 irradiation of lyophilized virulent Brucella melitensis and tested in mice for immunogenic activity against a lethal challenge dose of the homologous strain. The vaccine(GIV) produced a high degree of immunity in mice, and comparative studies demonstrated it to be superior to vaccines prepared by heat or by chemical(ether, formalin, or phenol) treatment. Living vaccines, Brucella abortus. strain 19 and an R-form of Brucella melitensis were lethal for mice in larger doses. A comparison of seven adjuvant mixtures for use with the GIV showed no statistically significant difference, but. Freund's complete adjuvant and a mixture of aluminum-potassium sulfate and pectin appeared to enhance the activity of the GIV.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.10 s.420
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• pp.116-120
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• 2004

계란으로 인한 살모넬라 식중독은 전 세계적으로 문제가 대두되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위하여 세계 각국은 대책을 강구하고 있다. 영국에서는 일찍이 라이언스 퀄리티 시스템을 도입하여 품질 보증된 안전한 계란을 생산하는 시스템을 구축하였으며, 미국과 일본 등도 각고의 노력을 기울이고 있지만, 아직 우리는 필요성만 인지하고 있을 뿐 구체적 대안을 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 열악한 환경에서 강한 면역체계를 갖춘 30대 이상의 건강한 사람의 경우는, 현재와 같은 시스템으로도 별반 문제가 없다 하더라도, 면역력이 떨어진 고령자나 어린이 등에게 있어서는 향후 치명적인 결과를 초래하여, 양계산업 기반이 흔들릴 소지가 있으므로, 미리 이에 대한 대비책을 강구하여야 한다. 이를 위해 도입된 시스템이 HACCP 시스템이다. 양계의 특성상 완전히 무균화된 생산 공정을 요구 할 수는 없다. 하지만 이의 목적은 단 하나다. 최종 소비자에게 이르렀을때는 안전한 계란이 되어야 한다는 것이다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해서 사람, 설비, 방법 등을 어떻게 할 것이며 관리 감독할 것인가 절차를 명문화하고 이를 준수하고 개선하고 시정 조취를 취하느냐 하는 것을 표준화 한 시스템이다. 각론에서는 실행에 여러 어려움이 있겠지만, 안전한 계란을 생산하기 위한 목적을 달성하는 최적의 방법을 찾아가는 것이라 할 수 있으며, 이런 명제 하에 HACCP를 도입한다고 할 수 있으며, 이에 조금이라도 일조 하고자 IPPS JAPAN 2001에 소개된 농장에서 식탁 까지를 기본으로 한 양계장 에서의 HACCP 방식 이란 논문을 번역하게 되었다. 아직 양계 분야에서 어떻게 도입해야 할지 막막한 상황이므로 좋은 참고가 되었으면 하는 바램이며, 지면관계상 세심한 부분까지 거론되지 않은 부분도 있을 수 있으나 이를 실행함에 있어서 상호 충분한 토의를 거쳐 제도로 정착될 수 있도록 업계 여러분과 이에 대해 많은 협의를 할 수 있었으면 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.129-129
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• 1993

현재 암의 치료에 이용되고 있는 항암제들은 therapeutic index가 낮아서 면역 및 조혈기능 장애 등 해결 되어야 할 문제점 들을 안고 있다. 이에 본 여구자는 우수하고 안전한 항암제를 개발하여 암의 치료에 이바지하고자, 화학연구소에서 in vitro 세로독성을 확인한 화합물에 대하여 in vivo 항암력을 실험, 치료효과가 높은 유도체/유사체 개발에 필요한 정보를 제공함에 본 연구의 목표를 두고 있다. 1차년도 연구에서는 화학연구소측이 제공한 KS 0409를 실험 약물로, sarcoma 180 복수암에 대한 in vivo 항암력을 실험하였다. 약 4주령의 SPE(specific pathogen-free) ICR계 마우스 및 BALB/c 마우스를 실험동물로 하여 sarcoma 180 암세포 부유액(세포 농도, 1$\times$$10^{7}$ cells/ml)을 실험동물의 복강내에 0.1ml 씩 이식하고 암이식 24시간 후부터 매일 1회씩 9회 약물 주사를 시행하였다. 대조약물 cisplatin은 2% DMSO-생리식염수를 주사하였다. 생존일수 관찰은 60dlfRK지 하였으며 % T/C를 계산하여 항암력을 평가하였다. 단 60일 생존 동물은 평균수명 계산에서 제외하였다.

• Food preservation and processing industry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2013

잡곡은 혈압강하, 당뇨병 질환, 고혈압 예방, 면역성 증가, 혈당강하, 항산화, 항염증 효과 및 항암효과 등 기능적 특성을 가지는 작물로서 최근 사람들의 건강에 대한 인식이 증대되면서 다양한 생리활성을 가지는 잡곡에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 잡곡은 현재 재배면적 및 생산량의 감소, 수입산에 대한 경쟁력 약화 및 농가 생산기피 등의 이유로 국내산 잡곡 생산량 및 재배면적은 감소하는 추세이다. 따라서 잡곡의 부가가치 상승 및 경쟁력 강화를 위한 다양한 노력이 요구된다. 최근 국내 식품의 트렌드는 바쁜 사회생활 및 불균형한 식습관으로 인하여 편이식이 또는 식사대용 형태의 편이식이 제품의 수요가 높아지고 있다. 따라서 다양한 생리활성을 가지는 잡곡을 활용한 indoor용 맞춤형 가공식품 개발은 바쁜 일상생활으로 인한 영양 불균형으로 건강에 대한 우려가 있는 현대인들 특히 영양요구성이 가장 높은 청소년 및 고령층의 영양보충뿐만 아니라 수입산 잡곡에 대한 국내 잡곡시장의 경쟁력 강화 및 농가소득 상승에 도움이 될 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

In this study, the effects of fermented goat milk (F-GM) on immunological activity and physical strength were examined. Splenocytes obtained from mice administered with F-GM showed increased responsinveness to mitogens, concanavalin-A (ConA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with F-GM also significantly augmented production of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, but not IL-4 or IL-10 from ConA-stimulated splenocytes. The activity of F-GM administration to enhance production of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was confirmed based on mRNA expression of these cytokines by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH, 20 mg/mouse), mice administered F-GM showed significantly higher antibody titers against KLH than those of phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice, and showed the highest titer 5 weeks after KLH immunization. Analysis for determining isotypes of antibodies revealed that administration of F-GM elicited KLH-specific antibody titers of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM. In a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test carried out 7 weeks after the primary immunization, F-GM-treated mice showed a higher DTH reaction than the control mice. Furthermore, the swimming test found that administration of F-GM significantly increased swimming time. These results suggest that administration of F-GM enhances not only immune responses against antigens but also physical strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2017

The immune system is a complex process within the body that protects against disease. Recently, many studies have attempted to discover immunomodulative compounds from natural sources. Pinus koraiensis (PK) cone shell is a by-product of PK. One of the major compounds of PK cone shell is dehydroabietic acid, which has bioactivity, including antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the immunomodulative effects of PK cone shell. The immunomodulatory effects of PK cone shell extracted with 20% ethanol (EtOH) in vivo were examined initially by measuring the natural killer (NK) cell activity, phagocytic activity, Th1/Th2 cytokines release, serum immunoglobulin, and T/B cell proliferation. The NK cell activity and phagocytic activity were increased significantly by a treatment with a 20% EtOH extract of PK cone shell. Th1 type cytokine and T cell proliferation increased and Th2 type cytokine, B cell proliferation and serum immunoglobulin A, G, and E decreased after a treatment with PK cone shell extract. The 20% EtOH extract of the PK cone shell normalized the unbalanced production of Th1/Th2 type cytokine. This suggests that a 20% EtOH extract of PK cone shell has great potential as a health food.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Alpina officinarum (AO) ethanol extract on immunocompromised mice. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with an immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide, and then administrated orally with 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of AO (AO 30, AO 100, and AO 300, respectively). The concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG) in serum were measured. The body weight of the mice and spleen cell number of the AO-fed group showed no significant difference compared to a control group. The concentrations of several cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TGF-${\beta}$, in serum showed a significant increase in the AO 100 group compared to the control and other groups (p<0.05). The IL-4 level showed no significant difference in the experimental groups. The supplementation of AO (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) significantly increased the concentration of IgM (p<0.05). The concentration of IgA was significantly increased in the AO 100 group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. It can be concluded that AO ethanol extract enhances immune function by promoting the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.906-912
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• 2016

${\beta}$-Glucan is a natural compound contained in cell walls of yeast or fungi, and cereal's fiber. It is also known to boost the immune system in human. Aureobasidium is a producer of water-soluble ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan. In this study, natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage activity were tested to investigate the effects of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan isolated from A. pullulans on immune activity. Activation of NK cell was increased about 63-39% by the treatment of $10-200{\mu}g/mL$ ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan than control. Besides, only $10{\mu}g/mL$ of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan was enough to boost activation of NK cell. Phagocytosis of macrophage was increased to 15~21% by the treatment of $10{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan than zymosan-treatment. In LP-BM5 proliferating inhibition test, relative mRNA level of LP-BM5 virus was decreased in ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan-treated cell about 36~74% than control. The decline of LP-BM5 mRNA level appeared to depend on the concentration of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan. These results suggest that pure ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan from A. pullulans might be contributing to enhancement of immune activity through the activation of NK cell and phagocytosis of macrophage. Moreover, treatment of the ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan could increase the resistance to virus infection such as LP-BM5 through the restraining of the multiplication.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.756-760
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• 2021

Frankincense has been used as a traditional medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, and muscle pain. In this study, the anti-tuberculosis effects of Frankincense were evaluated in immune responses of macrophages. Frankincense methanol extract was not cytotoxic to the host. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay using human macrophage (THP-1) cells did not show cytotoxic effects or morphological changes with treatments of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 ㎍/mL Frankincense methanol extract (FRM). Inhibitory effects of Frankincense methanol extract on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages were investigated. The immune response was measured by monitoring the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in THP-1 cells with or without M. tuberculosis infection under Frankincense methanol extract treatment. Inflammatory cytokine levels and M. tuberculosis numbers were reduced in THP-1 cells treated with Frankincense methanol extract. Therefore, Frankincense methanol extract could be used as a potential anti-tuberculosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

This study investigated the immunostimulatory effect of enzymatic porcine placental hydrolyzate (EPPH) in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated rats. This effect of EPPH prevented Cy-induced decreases in body, spleen, and thymus weights and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The numbers of immune cells, such as white blood cells, granulocytes, and lymphocytes, and mid-range absolute counts were significantly higher compared to the control group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were notably reduced by Cy, while EPPH prevented these effects. Histopathological analysis of spleen samples revealed the protective effect of EPPH against Cy-induced immunosuppression. The findings demonstrate that EPPH can alleviate immunosuppression by cell viability, tissue damage, and regulation of the levels of cytokines. EPPH may have value as a component of immunostimulatory agents or an ingredient in functional foods.