• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-219
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• 2004

The Library, Museum and Art Museum are gradually expanding access to cultural contents for general public through the distributed network. However, unlike general contents in cultural contents characteristics most the objects of cultural contents seldom contain the words used for organization and search for information. In addition, it's hard to share or interconnect information between different systems because the names, expressions and meanings are different between metadata elements of various cultural contents. In order to solve this problem, proper organization and management of metadata is vital. In this study, the researcher have comparatively analyzed the data elements of each format based on National Library of Korea, National Museum of Korea, National Museum of Contemporary Art , the metadata formats approached from various aspects in the cultural contents area, the researcher tried to provide the basic materials for integration of cultural contents by securing interoperability of different metadata formats.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.169-192
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• 2003

Semantic quirks about the concept of metadata are briefly probed. The reasons behind the conceptual drift are also reviewed. Regarding different formats of metadata, the rationale behind the creation of new formats, their characteristics in relation to MARC format, and problems and methods of conversion or integration of metadata are investigated as background study. RDF (Resource Description Framework) as an integration tool for different metadata standards and Metadata Registry as a candidate for the purpose are studied and the both are compared. It is concluded that two approaches are not mutually exclusive, rather they are complimentary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.135-152
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• 2003

With the rapid growth of the Internet, digital contents have increased in a geometric progression and the types also became much varied. In order to make it easier to identify and search digital contents on the Internet, which is basically a distributed network environment, it is essential to organize and manage metadata. In this study, we have comparatively analyzed the data elements of the meta data formats currently approached from different aspects in diverse fields, so as to provide basic materials for securing interoperability of the meta data formats. We selected Dublin Core, Semantic Header, MARC, IAFA Templates, and TEI Header as the general metadata formats of digital contents used widely in all areas, and we carried out comparisons and analyses based on the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-133
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• 2003

Recently, the organizations related to cultural contents are gradually expanding access to cultural contents for general public through the distributed network. However, since cultural contents have different characteristics than general contents, the objects, the of cultural contents seldom contain the words generally used for organization and search of information. If the cultural contents system is created without any consideration of such differences. We cannot effectively identify and search resources. Moreover, because the names, expressions and meanings are different between metadata elements of various cultural contents, it is very difficult to interconnect or share information between different systems. In order to solve these problems, proper organization ad management of metadata is vital. In this studym we have comparatively analyzed the data elements of each format based on Dublin Core, EAD, VRA, CDWA, CIMI, and Object ID, the metadata formats approached from various aspects in the cultural contents area. Through this study, we tried to provide the basic materials for integration of cultural contents by securing interoperability of different metadata formats.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.319-322
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• 2002

MPEG-4 파일 포맷은 사용자에게 다양한 기능을 제공하고 다수의 데이터를 유연성있게 제어하기 위해 많은 양의 메타데이터를 정의하고 있고, 이에 접근하는 서버와 로컬 시스템은 이들 메타데이터를 분석하는데 오랜 시간을 소비해야 한다. 본 논문은 이런 분석 지연을 없애기 위해 MPEG-4 파일에서 메타데이타를 실시간으로 분석하여 초기 지연 시간을 줄이는 방법을 제시하며, 그 결과를 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.549-559
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• 2010

In geo-spatial information system building and operation, metadata is one of the crucial factors. Therefore, international and domestic organizations or associations for standardization have developed and distributed geo-based standard metadata to meet public demands. However, because metadata is composed of complicated elements and needs XML storage and management, individual organization which implement and operate practical application system is inclined to define and use its own metadata specifications. In this study, metadata extraction program, that metadata elements are directly extracted from geo-based file formats was developed to easily utilize standard metadata such as ISO/TC 19115, TTAS.KO-10.0139 and TTAS.IS-19115, and those elements are processed into XML. Furthermore, geo-based images sets are applied to another metadata of ISO/TC 19115-2. As well, metadata transformation is needed due to inconsistent or non-corresponding definition among standard metadata; in this program, transformation modules are also implemented to interoperable uses between standard metadata specifications. Widely used data formats are dealt with in this program, but extension for other formats and other metadata specifications is possible, and it is expected that availability of standard metadata is increased, through this kind of development.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.869-881
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• 2007

In this paper, storing and removing method of broadcasting content is proposed for personalized consumption. The main objective of this paper is to keep personalized information, such as additional contents, user creation data, usage history, with broadcasting content, and user can consume broadcasting content to accommodate individual preference. Consequently, proposed file format in this paper is based on MPEG-4 and MPEG-21 file format because they can access and extract data within file format easily and can keep spatiotemporal relation between data. In addition, TV-Anytime metadata is used for program description metadata. Finally, proposed method is verified with file format player and useful application scenarios.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.387-390
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• 2009

최근 한국정보통신기술협회(TTA)에서는 지상파 DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) ECG(Electronic Content Guide) XML(eXtensible Markup Language) 표준의 제정 및 개정 작업을 완료하였다. 지상파 DMB ECG XML 표준은 종래의 DMB EPG(Electronic Program Guide) 표준에서 제공되었던 서비스를 기능적으로 수용하면서 프로그램내의 특정 세그먼트 단위까지 검색 및 브라우징을 통하여 원하는 콘텐트를 보다 효율적으로 접근, 소비 및 저장이 가능하도록 하는 향상된 서비스를 제공하도록 정의하였다. 또한, 단일 포맷에서 모든 DMB 콘텐트 내용들을 결합하는 DMB AF(ISO/IEC 23000-9:2008; DMB Application Format) 파일 포맷을 포함하고 있다. 한국전자통신연구원에서는 이러한 지상파 DMB ECG XML 표준 및 서비스의 유효성 검증을 위해 메타데이터의 저작 단계에서 전송 및 단말에 이르는 맞춤시청형 방송 시스템을 개발하였다. 이러한 일련의 과정에서 DMB ECG 메타데이터는 맞춤시청형 서비스 제공을 위해 전달되는 핵심 요소로써, 디지털방송 콘텐트에 대한 상세 정보의 기술을 위해 새로운 메타데이터를 생성하거나 기존에 생성된 메타데이터를 재편집하는 과정을 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 메타데이터 저작도구가 필수적으로 필요하다. 본 논문은 사용자 친화적인 DMB ECG 메타데이터 및 DMB AF 저작도구의 개발에 대해 기술한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.199-202
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• 2001

ISO/IEC 15938-1(MPEG-7 Systems)에서는 멀티미디어 컨텐츠에 대한 메타데이터의 효율적인 전송과 저장을 위한 이진 표현 방법인 BiM(binary format for MPEC-7)을 제공한다. 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 기술(description)하는 메타데이터의 텍스트 표현은 대체로 많은 저장 용량과 전송 리소스를 요구하기 때문에 효율적인 압축을 위해서는 이진 형식으로의 변환이 요구된다. 또한 텍스트 형식은 방송 환경과 같은 스트리밍 전송에는 적절하지 못한 단점이 있다. BiM은 컨텐츠에 대한 기술을 전체 또는 2개 이상의 AU(access units) 단위로 분할하며 부호화하는 방법을 지원함으로써 스트리밍 전송을 가능하게 한다. 이러한 구조는 이진 포맷 형태로 표현되는 헤더를 가지는 패킷 기반 형태이며, 융통성이 있는 전송 순서를 제공한다. 또한, 비트 스트림의 전체를 해석(parsing)하지 않고 랜덤 엑세스 기능을 제공하는 장점이 있다. BiM이 지닌 이러한 장점들로 인하여 현재 방송산업계를 중심으로 메타데이터를 방송에 활용하기 위한 기술을 표준화하는 국제 민간 표준화 기구인 TV-Anytime 포럼에서는 방송 컨텐츠에 대한 메타데이터의 압축에 관한 요구사항을 만족하는 하나의 방법으로 BiM을 고려하고 있다 본 논문에서는 이러한 MPEG-7 시스템의 BiM을 소개하고, 이를 이용하여 TV-Anytime 포럼의 메타데이터를 이진 포맷으로 부호화한 실험과 그 결과를 기술한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.330-340
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• 2016

This paper explains about the structure of multiple sensorial media application format (ISO/IEC 23000-17), which is newly standardized as a project of MPEG-A. This format facilitates effective storage, playing, and management of media with multiple sensorial effects. The ISO base media file format from MPEG-4 Part 12 and sensory effect metadata (SEM) from MPEG-V Part 3 are used to composed the multiple sensorial media application format. In this paper, a fragmentation method to break a SEM XML document into valid SEM samples is presented. Several binarization methods to compress the SEM samples are compared and evaluated as well. The compression ratio and processing time using the MPEG-V binary representation and the Binary MPEG format for XML (BiM) are superior to the gzip compression.