• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.847-853
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• 2007

In Korean coastal areas, land reclamations are main development projects that should be based on environmental impact assessment(EIA), because those human interventions can change coastlines, damage tidal flats, and pollute adjacent areas to threat seafood safety and devaluate overall ecosystem service value. Existing procedures of the EIA for land reclamation projects were diagnosed and evaluated to enhance them. Problems were identified in the designation of survey areas, the consistency in survey sites and periods, the standardization of survey methods and reports, the confidence of survey results and the verification of predictions. Lack of integration was noticeable and could be improved by synthesizing different assessments from topography geography, marine physics, marine chemistry and marine biology. We suggest that successful precautionary marine environment management requires readjusting the cost of EIA, recruiting experts in marine environment, constructing database and establishing specialized assessment system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2022

The harbor construction projects can lead to various marine environmental problems including habitat degradation and loss, marine water pollution, change of flow patterns, erosion, scour, sedimentation, and so on. The EIA is a measure to prevent various environmental problems in advance from examining and minimizing the environmental impacts before the proposed developments are implemented. In addition, institutions reviewing EIA reports have made efforts to conduct scientific and standardized EIA by applying EIA guidelines for each project. This study aims to create a EIA guideline focusing on the harbor construction projects. Based on the review comments of the harbor construction EIA reports for the past 13 years (2009-2021) and the EIA guidelines of different types of projects, we identified the marine environmental problems and provided the appropriate guideline. This guideline summarizes and presents the contents which must be reviewed in the baseline condition survey, impact assessment, mitigation, and post-environmental impact investigation in the fields of marine fauna and flora, marine physics, and marine water and sediment quality. In the case of a baseline condition survey of marine fauna and flora, a method for selecting survey points considering the characteristics of sea area and project was presented. When estimating the impact of marine fauna and flora, we presented methods for predicting the impact on them due to the spread of suspended sediments and the damage to benthic habitats due to dredging and reclamation. In consideration of the characteristics of the sea area, we divided the survey items of the marine physics into essential items and supplementary items. In predicting the impact of marine physics, various methods for major issues such as seawater circulation, suspended sediment and bottom sediment transport, water temperature and salinity diffusion, seawater exchange, wave transformation, harbor tranquility, and shoreline change were presented. The research results will contribute to protect the marine environment by inducing more systematic and scientific surveys, impact assessments, and mitigation in the EIA process.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.541-547
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• 2017

In Yongwon channel, its natural flow of seawater is blocked by the construction of Busan Newport including the container berth. The channel was transformed into a narrow and long one, where it is possible that ships are only allowed to pass through the north-side channel of Gyeonmado located at the point of river mouth to Songjeongcheon. So it is considered that the changes in the terrain characteristics of Yongwon channel is likely to alter the circulation of sea water, thereby changing its water quality. Contaminants are accumulated from the sediment release. In this study, before and after dredging the sediment release test was performed. As a result, after the sediment dredging is performed, the reduction rate was higher at the same point. The results show that the water quality can be improved by dredging. Each group (A~C) reduction rate of the evaluation of the reduction rate of 4.64% T-N, 18.00%, 18.59%, respectively. T-P rate of 24.75% reduction, 24.17%, 44.08%, respectively. COD reduction rate was 18.57%, 19.76%, 38.08%, respectively. These results can be used as basic data for controlling the contamination by dredging in Yongwon channel.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

Industrial complexes in Korea have been vigorously established by economic development plan and development policy of industry in 1960s. Recently, Korean government has promoted Eco Industrial Park (EIP) project to recycle by-products and wastes in industrial park In this study, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties for the sludges discharged from A industrial complex. And we investigated the economic feasibility and environmental impact of sludge to energy facilities. The analysis results indicated that the petrochemical industry were 92% in sludge production, the highest treatment amount was landfill, followed by incineration and recycling and then ocean disposal. Wastewater sludge and process sludge samples are collected and analyzed to use as basic data on economic feasibility and environmental impact. Weighted average heating value of sludge samples was 3,891kcal/kg. Based on this data, installation and operation costs, operation returns of operating the drying facility are estimated, compared with cogeneration facility. And this study examines how the payback period of each simulation(total 8 case) with the important parameter changes. As a result, it was found that what needs the shortest payback period is 3years with connection of drying facility and cogeneration facility based on the government's financial subsidy system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

The sediment makes up the sea floor and plays an important role as a habitats for living things in the sea. However, pollution of coastal sediment due to internal and external factors such as inflow of contaminants from land and self-pollution becoming more serious, the needs for management of sediment that play an important role in ecology, is increasing. In particular, the review and evaluation of the effects of sediment in marine development projects including reclamation and dredging, have significance in terms of proactive protection and management of surrounding ecosystems. This study proposed the improvement measures for marine sediment management standards on the sea area utilization consultation for the development of public water. For the purpose, The evaluation and management standards of domestic and overseas marine sediments were reviewed and compared. The sediment environment guidelines under the Marine Environment Management Act of Korea were reviewed. Accordingly, the cases of Canada and NOAA, which have various evaluation standards consist of comprehensive factors, were analyzed. For analysis of operational cases, the port and fishing port development projects for the last five years (2016-2020) that are considered to have the greatest impact on sediments among the sea area use consultations were also reviewed. Finally, this study suggested that the assessment factors for ecological hazards and potential human risks should be considered in the sediment environmental standards in the sea area utilization consultation system.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

These days many companies are trying to reduce, recycle and reuse their wastes. Even though many wastes can be recycled, those are incinerated or landfilled. To solve these problems, there are many projects to make efforts to recycle wastes in especially the industrial complexes. But, due to the absence of information about waste recycling, recyclable wastes are still incinerated or landfilled. Based on these research background, this study aims to suggest the evaluation methodology of the $CO_2$ emissions and cost reduced by circulating the industrial waste to resource. We evaluated the environmental and economic effect between companies which emit the plastic waste and organic solvent waste and use them as raw-materials in the off-line recycling information exchange network. The environmental and economic aspects were analyzed comparing waste recycling with waste incineration. By recycling the plastic waste as raw-materials, $CO_2$ emission were reduced 1,070 ton in 2009 and 1,234 ton in 2010 and 657.4 million won in 2009 and 755.0 million won in 2010 were reduced. In recycling the organic solvent waste, 7.3 ton-$CO_2$ in 2010 and 5.6 ton-$CO_2$ in 2011 were reduced and 15.9 million won in 2010 and 12.2 million won in 2011 were reduced.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

As a result of population growth and economic growth, household and industrial wastes continue to rapidly increase every year. Especially, sewage sludge produced at final stage is increasing with the constant construction and putting in good order of the sewage plant. In addition to the government's prohibition for filling up the sludge, it became more and more difficult to discharge wastes to the sea as London Dumping Convention '96 came into effect. And sewage sludge and the livestock wastes are expected to be thoroughly prohibited from discharging to the sea from 2012. So we need desperately economical and useful alternatives to compact and reuse these wastes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utilization of solidified sludge-soil mixture as an enhancement and covering material. To determine the proper mixed ratio of solidified sludge, this study conducted basic physical properties tests, compaction tests, uniaxial compression tests, and permeability test. It was found that the higher the ratio of solidified sludge, the lower the coefficient of permeability. Upon the results of particle size distribution, the mixed ratio of solidified sludge that meet the enhancement material condition was 59% or lower for SP granite soil and 48% or lower for SM granite soil respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

The ecological environmental zones in coastal area, like tidal flat and salt marsh, were gradually decreased due to large scale of coastal development projects, reclamation and so on. Therefore, the development of artificial tidal flat and salt marsh has been emphasized in coastal area as mitigation concept and studies on related this background has performed. But studies on the quantitative evaluation for degree of restoration were insufficient. In this paper, as a fundamental study for evaluation of restoration on the creation of ecological environmental zones in coastal area, it was conducted that the monitoring and experiment for bio-chemical factors (bio-diversity, population and biomass of macro-benthos, survival ratio of reed, the number of heterotrophic bacteria and physico-chemical characteristics such as COD, IL, TN, TP and pH) using a in-situ pilot plant of tidal flat (Zone. P1) and salt marsh (Zone. P2), which was distinguished by content of dredged soil, in Jinudo, Nakdong estuary. From results of this study, the restoration index (RI), for evaluation concerning degree of restoration on the creation of ecological environmental zones in coastal area, was suggested and quantitative evaluation was performed using a restoration index (RI).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

The amount of dredging clay will be greatly increased by the eco-rive project and port development in Korea. Geotechnical engineers have thrown their efforts into the new ways for effective re-uses of the dredging clay such as the material for reclamation, and so on. However, very high initial water content and low strength causes unexpected difficulties in the aspect of trafficablility or time for consolidation. Therefore, the injection of cement stabilizer is used as one of ways to improve reclaimed ground. However, it also makes an argument by heavy metal from cement stabilizer. In this paper constant rate of strain consolidation test and normal consolidation test were performed to investigate behavior characteristics of the consolidation about soil-cement include lean mixed cement to reduce the environmental loads by the cement. The experimental results of consolidation characteristics about soil-cement include lean mixed cement influenced by mixing ratio. Especially it was observed that mixing ratio of 4%~6% leads not only the reduction of consolidation settlement, but time for consolidation.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2018

Purpose : The subject site selected in this study was a place that was prepared through the reclamation of foreshore completed in 1973. Since then, the site has been occupied by the industry of ship repair for over 30 years. Method : The results of a precise soil examination conducted in 2013 showed that the site was seriously contaminated with TPH over an area of $10,000m^2$ and GL(-)3.0m in depth, with an expanding coverage of contamination. Results : The soil contamination by refined petroleum products often results in adverse effects to human health and ecological systems, thus the contamination should be purified as soon as possible. Conclusion : Hydrogeological investigation can be employed to assess the groundwater movement and propagation of contamination to determine the potential agents or contaminants in the soil contaminated with high concentration TPH.