• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2003

Using the panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, we test the effects of relative status inconsistency within American young couples on the direction of migration as well as on migration propensities. Key findings in this study indicate that only couples in which the wife's education is greater than the husband's education are less likely to migrate than couples for which the wife's status is as lower than the husband's. There are no differences in the propensity for rural couples to migrate to urban counties or for urban couples to migrate to rural counties based on status inconsistency between spouses. However, we find that there is the gendered difference in the effect of status inconsistency on the probability of family migration. A spouse's higher status has an impact on a wife's probability of migration but does not affect a husband's migration propensity in a comparable situation. These findings are most consistent with a gender role perspective on migration since increases in the wife's status have little effect on family migration, once the presence and age of children is controlled.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.97-119
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to find out the actor effect and the partner effect in relation to spousal support, job support, work-family spillover, and work-life balance in dual-earner couples. The subjects of this study were 176 dual-earner couple, whose youngest children are under the age of 16 and who work over 15 hours each week. The research tool was a questionnaires. Factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, correlation analysis, and APIM were performed for the data analysis. The main results of this study as follows. First, for both wives and husbands, perceived spousal support had a positive actor effect on work-life balance. However, perceived husband's spouse support for wife's support had positive partner effect on the wife's work-life balance, the wife's perceived spousal support for her husband' did not have a partner actor effect on the husband's work-life balance. Second, for both wives and husbands, job support had a positive actor effect on work-life balance. In addition, the wife's job support had a positive partner effect on the husband's work-life balance, however, the husband's job support did not have a partner actor effect on the wife's work-life balance. Third, for both wives and husbands, work-family conflict had a negative actor effect on work-life balance. In addition, the wife's work-family conflict had a negative partner effect on the husband's work-life balance, however, the husband's work-family conflict did not have a partner actor effect on the wife's work-life balance. Fourth, for both wives and husbands, work-family enrichment had a positive actor effect on work-life balance. In addition, the husband's work-family enrichment had a positive partner effect on the wife's work-life balance, however, the wife's work-family enrichment did not have a partner actor effect on the husband's work-life balance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.132-143
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• 2014

This study discusses factors that affect on female workers' stress from nurturing. Referring to the first research (2008) and the second research (2009) of KLoWF, the study analyzed the data of 218 female workers with one or more preschool children. The results from the analysis are as the following. First, the female workers who acknowledge her image as a traditional woman are more likely to be exposed to greater stress. Therefore, now working mothers need to free themselves from the traditional idea. Second, since it was clearly observed that husbands' who share family responsibilities has a significant impact on women's stress from nurturing, a new focus should be on the effectiveness of husband's sharing of family responsibilities, whereas it has been mainly focused on education of working mothers. Third, considering the result that nurturing expense variable showed a significant statistics, there is a desperate need of a political task to support nurturing expenses.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to research support systems of the community child care services for optimum work-family balance. For this purpose, the questionnaire to be completed combined four areas: the workplace, school, community and home. Then questions concerning demographic factors and community-related aspects were analysed for this article. After analyzing 197 questionnaires, supplementary questions were asked, by interview to 10 samples. Full-time working wives (eg. working from 9am to 6pm) who have 1 or more children under 10 years old, living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were collected as samples. The results were as follows: First, child care from family and relatives, and community services was properly used during the week, but dual working parents took complete charge of child care on Saturdays. Second, emergency child care was usually provided by the family, while relatives and community child care services were used less. Third, parents spent 17% of their monthly income on total child care expenditure. Fourth, community child care services were not used often, but the level of satisfaction with them was very high. Finally, they used relatives' services for safety reasons and community services for location, and only based on informed decisions. Therefore, Saturday child care programmes need to be initiated to help physically and mentally tired parents, with more general provision of positive and diverse public support systems.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

This study set out to investigate if work-family conflict and work-family enhancement would have mediating effects on the impact of gender role attitudes of women from double income households on their satisfaction of work and marriage. A structural modelof gender role attitudes was set as the independent variable, work-family conflict and work-family enhancement as the mediating variables, and work satisfaction and marriage satisfaction as the dependent variables. The subjects consisted of 2,713 married women from double income households and information was obtained from the first year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). Using SPSS 15.0 software, descriptive statistics were gathered, and frequency and factor analyses were conducted. AMOS 7.0 software was used to analyze both the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that work-family conflict and work-family enhancement had partial mediating effects on the impacts of gender role attitudes on work and marriage satisfaction among women from double income households. Notably, work-family enhancement had a greater effect than work-family conflict, which suggests that the elements of work-family enhancement, which are the positive aspects of work on family and family on work, should be promoted. It is, however, also important to make efforts to resolve work-family conflict by increasing the satisfaction level of work and marriage among women from double income households.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-129
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• 2016

This study is about the happiness of married women from the baby boom generation. The study aims to understand the impact of the married life of such women on the happiness index and to improve the happiness of married women by improving married life. The data for this study were drawn from the National Women and Family Panel Survey (4th year data) carried out by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The subjects for the final analysis totaled 885 married women from the baby boom generation, born between 1955 and 1963. Of these, 550 were married women in a dual income family, and 335 were married women in a husband-income family. IBM SPSS Statistic 21.0 was used. The findings from this study are as follows: First, the women's happiness index was higher in cases where the women had a more positive view of their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities, the better their conflict resolution whenever there was a clash of opinions, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Second, in the case of dual income families, the women's happiness index was higher where they had a positive view of their husbands, their conflicts were better resolved, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Third, in the case of married women in a husband-income family, their happiness index rose the more positively they perceived their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities together, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-76
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of marital relationship on parenting stress among dual- and single-earner families. In particular, this study focuses on the interaction effect of marital relationship and father's child-rearing involvement on the parenting stress. To access factors associated with parenting stress, we included marital satisfaction and marital conflict as the dimensions of marital relationship in this study. Method: We employed data from the 5th wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Our analysis sample consisted of 1,515 parents having at least one child aged under 4 years. Also, this study conducted descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: First of all, marital satisfaction and marital conflict were significantly related to parenting stress for both mother and father in dual-earner families. While both indicators were significantly related to parenting stress for father, marital conflict only was a significant predictor for mother in single-earner families. Second, father involvement was a significant predictor for parenting stress for father in both dual- and single-earner families. Third, interaction effects were found between father involvement and marital conflict in the dual-earner families and between father involvement and marital satisfaction in the single-earner families. Conclusions: Based on the results, we recommended programs designed to enhance father's child-rearing involvement such as parenting education and community-based campaign. In addition, we recommended that policy and practice need to identify marital relationship dynamics to promote father's involvement and to reduce marital conflict in both dual- and single-earner families accordingly.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.459-474
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of upper elementary school children in double-income families and to verify whether ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness sequentially mediates the relationship between parentification and smartphone dependency. The participants were 311 upper-elementary school students (4th to 6th graders; 126 boys, 40.5%) in doubleincome households residing in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Incheon. The data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire completed by the participants and were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.7 software. The results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the direct effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of the children from double-income families was statistically insignificant. Secondly, ambivalence over emotional expression mediated the effect of parentification on smartphone dependency, while loneliness did not. Lastly, parentification influenced smartphone dependency through the sequential mediating channel of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness. In conclusion, these findings indicate that interventions for smartphone-overdependent children from double-income families should place emphasis on children's psychological difficulties attributed to parentification. Specifically, this study highlights the importance of alleviating the levels of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness to address the issue of children's smartphone dependency in double-income families, suggesting possible involvement and support at both household and societal levels.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences housing needs between Korean and Japanese employed wives. Subjects consisted of 90 Korean employed and 141 Japanese employed wives who have children aged between 0-12 years old. The subjects were surveyed with a questionnaire specifically developed for this study to evaluate the housing needs of this growing segment of population. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. The results of descriptive statistics, x$^2$-test, multiple linear regressions are presented. The findings were as follows: 1) Korean employed wives depend on grandparents and relatives in their child-care and housework when the wives were out. On the contrary, Japanese employed wives put much more values on aid of their husband and community facilities fur child-care and housework. 2) The housing community needs showed significant differences. Korean employed wives wanted to provide a better physical environment for child-care and education of children more than Japanese employed wives. But Japanese employed wives needed more convenient community facilities that could be socialized housework than Korean employed wives. 3) Korean employed wives wanted gathered apartment house, and Japanese employed wives wanted row house. In comparison of working space needs in individual house, Korean employed wives wanted dining kitchen filled with many kinds of electric appliance including laundry space more, Japanese employed wives wanted LDK type which they have family interaction more and to depart laundry space from kitchen.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to explore how job characteristics, housework factors (reciprocity) and family characteristics influence the health status of a husband and wife. To do this, the study used the ordered probit estimation model. The results of this study were as follows: the status of the husband's health was perceived to be slightly better than that of the wife. age, the husband's job satisfaction and wife's future job prospects were found to impact upon the health status of both the husband and the wife. In addition, the health of the husband was found to be significantly influenced by household income and his wife's perceived fairness of housework. On the other hand, the influencing factors upon the health status of the wife were her education, child caring responsibilities, her husband's future job prospects, as well as the flexibility of her work schedule and hours of work.