• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2014

For technology level assessment of KIGAM World Class Laboratories (WCL) candidates, bibliometric and qualitative analysis was conducted on their research papers listed on the SCIE database during 2009-2012. For the six research areas of geoscience and mineral resources, a research excellence indicator was applied using a Modified Rank Normalized Impact Factor (mrnIF), which was introduced by Heo et al. (2008) and Cho (2013). The KIGAM research department in rare metals utilization had the highest score for Impact Factor (IF) per paper in 2012 but the groundwater department or the exploration geophysics department came first based on the position and the mrnIF. Applying the mrnIF, the KIGAM research department in groundwater achieved excellent results in 2009 and 2011 and the urban mine department or exploration geophysics department came first place in other years. In the groundwater area, the percentage of research papers over 80 or 90 mrnIF, using Cho (2013)'s research excellence index, was the highest in 2011. The Cho (2013)'s excellent research indicator, 20%, the ratio of over 90 mrnIF was matched in the urban mining area for the whole research period, 2009-2012, and in the groundwater area for several years except 2010. Qualitative analysis of research papers can show the technology level of research departments. KIGAM World Class Laboratories (WCL) candidates should focus on increasing the quality and the quantity of their research papers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.238-250
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• 2011

In 2006, the number of days of the screen quota (theatrical movie screening days of Korean produced films in a year required by the law) was reduced to 73 days from 146 days per year. Three years after the reduction of screen quota, this paper studies the impact of reduction of screen quota system on Korean produced films. Using Non-parametric statistics, Gini Index and Regression analysis, this study shows that the average number of Korean moviegoer of Korean films which was released last three years(2007-2009) after the cutback of screen quota in 2006 is reduced to 640,109.9123 from 1,107,217.82 for three years(2003-2005) before the cutback. And this is significant in statistics. while Hollywood film gets 76,168,518 more audiences than the total number of audience for 2003-2005, the total numbers of Korean films is cut to 218,917,590 (2007-2009) from 245,802,356 (2003-2005). Gini Index of 2009(0.84) indicates that the inequality of a distribution of box office performance of Korean films is getting worse after the cutback. For now, the reduction of screen quota has negative effects for Korean films. Only the technological advance, education of relates personnel, redesigning of the related infrastructure, market-driven movies, creative production, and the promotion of the independent films can reduced the negative effects.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This study was performed to develop educational materials in the form of card news that can be easily accessed on mobile phones or the Internet for milk intake education of the elderly based on the scientific evidence and their needs. The themes included in the card news were selected based on the literature and focus group interviews with 10 elderly individuals (78.10±6.66 years old). For the selected themes, information that elderly users most want to know was selected for the purpose of effective communication, while reflecting the eating habits, lifestyle, living environment, and nutrition and health status of the elderly in Korea. The draft of the card news was reviewed by the researcher, consulted by experts, and surveyed with 50 elderly individuals (70.44±5.16 years old). Based on the results of the review, consultations, and the survey, a final draft of the card news consisting of 12 pages was completed. The card news of the present study is expected to be an effective educational material considering the high level of satisfaction (higher than 4 on the 5-point scales) indicated by the survey respondents. Therefore this card news is expected to help increase milk intake through friendly milk education for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Based on the analysis and interpretation of the headwords and poetic words of a group of eleven collecting sceneries of Jeonju, the origin and transformations of the Jeonju-Palkyung(Eight sceneries of Jeonju) investigated by a time-series analysis are as follows. As there is no collection of landscape with a formal structure similar to that of the current Jeonju-Palkyung, prior to the Palkyung by Chujae(秋齋) Cho Soo-Sam(趙秀三, 1762~1849), there is no significant problem in assuming the eight poems in Chujaejib(秋齋集) are the origins of the Jeonju-Palkyung, and it is estimated to have been produced in 1829. In the late-19th century poem 'Wansanseunggyeong(完山勝景)', 'the Palkyung in Yeollyeo Chunhyang Sujeolga', and 'the Palkyung delivered by poet Shin Seokjeong in the Japanese colonial era', only the 'Dongpogwibeom(東浦歸帆)' changed from Dongjipo to Dongchon of Bongdong as for 'Landscape Setting There($L_{ST}$)' according to changes in district administration; despite this change, the fact that they are not too different from the Palkyung of Cho Soo-Sam, also supports this. Moreover, according to the headword concordance analysis, it is proven that the Jeonju-Palkyung was established in the late-19th century and continued to be the region's representative sceneries even during the Japanese colonial era, and later 'Namcheonpyomo(南川漂母)' and 'Gonjimangwol(坤止望月)' were added to expand to the Jeonju-Sipkyung(ten sceneries of Jeonju). But when we see there are famous spots that are the origins of the Jeonju-Sipkyung, including Gyeonggijeon, Geonjisan, Jogyeongdan, Omokdae, and Girinbong, Deokjinyeon, and Mangyeongdae, all of which have great representational significance as the capital of Jeolla Provincial Office as well as of the place of origin for Joseon Dynasty in the grouping of sceneries during the early Joseon Dynasty, including "Paehyangsipyeong (沛鄕十詠)", "Gyeondosipyeong (甄都十詠)", and "Binilheonsipyeong(賓日軒十詠)", the beginnings of the semantic Jeonju-Palkyung should be considered up to the first half of Joseon Dynasty. During this period, not only the fine sceneries with high retrospective merit as the capital of Hubaekje, like Gyeonhwondo(甄萱都), but also the sceneries like Mangyeongdae that reminds people of Jeong Mongju(鄭夢周) and Yi Seonggye(李成桂) in the late period of Goryeo appeared, elevating the status of Jeonju as the capital of Hubaekje and shortening the historical gaps as the place of origin of the Joseon Dynasty. The Jeonju-Palkyung is an organic item that carries the history of the Joseon Dynasty after Hubaekje and has gone through many cycles of disappearing and reappearing, but it has continued to change and transform as the region's representative sceneries. The Jeonju-Palkyung is a cultural genealogy that helps one understand the 'Jeonju Hanpunggyeong(韓風景: the sceneries of Korea in Jeonju)', and the efforts to preserve and pass it down to the next generation would be the responsibility of the people of Jeonju.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.41
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• pp.43-85
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• 2011

Child and youth welfare law in Korea is vague and complex. In a narrow sense it means the research on the provisions of the Child Welfare Act. In a broad sense it embraces all of the social welfare system regarding to the protection for children and youth. Regardless of the scope of child and youth welfare law it should be cleared what the term of child and youth means in Korean legal regulation. Historically, child protection in Korea was based on the good intentions of individuals to protect war orphan children from poverty or danger after the end of the Korean War. It is the story of the evolving status of children from being viewed as dependant of the parents to becoming rights-based citizens, even not in Constitution. In Korea neither parents nor children have constitutionally recognized right. According to Korean Constitution the parents have only the obligation to educate their children. And the state ist obliged to improve the welfare of the youth(section 34). In compliance with this article there are lots of statutes regulating youth welfare. This article reviews the legal definition of child and youth to test the uncertain definition of child and youth welfare in relation to the treatment of children's and youth's legal status in Korea. According to the Child Welfare Act child is the person under age of 18, while the legal definition of youth oscillates between the person under the age of 19 and the person over the age 9 to the age of 23. As a result child welfare is often used as the synonym of youth welfare, and vice versa. The lack of the arrangement of the legal definition of child and youth is based on the historical reasons that the legal definitions of youth (under the age of 19 or over the age 9 to the age of 23) newly appeared in the statutes regulating youth welfare, whereas the Child Welfare Act still maintained the definition of child under the age of 18. In order to get rid of the confusion of the definition of the child and youth, a part of certain statues should combine with another Act according to the purpose of the individual amended statutes. And the definition of child and youth should be subdivided into 3 or 4 classes, namely infant(0-6), child(7-13), youth(14-18) and young adult(19-26). Furthermore this article proposes a reform of the existing legal system pursuant to the nature of the law, i.g. whether the issued or amended Act takes on a selective(residual) or universal character.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated amounts of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in older adults using an accelerometer and physical activity diary. Methods: Forty-nine older adults (male 26, female 23) participated in this study. They wore a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) for one week and wrote a physical activity diary concurrently for three days. Amounts of physical activity, sedentary behavior patterns, and percentage of meeting the World health organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines were analyzed using an accelerometer. In addition, the contents recorded in the physical activity diary were reclassified to 18 levels and the average daily times spent on each level and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated. Results: The subjects were sitting more than half of the day except for bedtime and shower time (59.2%). The numbers of prolonged ${\geq}30$, 40 minutes sedentary bouts were significantly higher in males ($3.10{\pm}1.34$, $1.78{\pm}1.09$, respectively) than in females ($2.34{\pm}1.22$, $1.32{\pm}1.07$, respectively) and the number of breaks per sedentary hour was significantly less in males ($5.74{\pm}0.89$) than in females ($6.44{\pm}0.71$). Among the activities corresponding to sedentary behavior surveyed by the physical activity diary, only the amount of time spent 'resting, speaking and watching TV' showed a significant correlation with the sedentary behavior pattern measured by the accelerometer. The persistence of sedentary behavior was interrupted primarily when low intensity activity was performed. Only 22.4% of the subjects met WHO physical activity guidelines. Conclusion: Based on these results, the physical activity guidelines for older adults should be developed that reflects the appropriate strength, including low activity level and maintenance time of moderate to vigorous physical activity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.14-26
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic listening on task performance, auditory behavior problems, and attention in children with sensory modulation disorder. Methods : Sixteen children aged four to seven years who were classified as children with sensory modulation disorder were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). From July 1 to October 18, 2017, both groups participated in sensory integration programs, while therapeutic listening training was administered only to the experimental group. Sensory integration therapy was conducted in two sessions per week for six weeks (12 sessions); each session consisted of 40 minutes of therapy and 10 minutes of parent education. Therapeutic listening was conducted in three thirty-minute sessions per week for six weeks (18 sessions). We used the Canadian Occupation Performance Measure (COPM) to evaluate changes in the participants' occupational performance between pre- and post-intervention. We used Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist (FAPC) to observe changes in behavioral problems related to hearing. The Child Attention Scale for Teacher (CAST) was used to evaluate changes in attention. Results : No significant differences pre- and post-intervention between the two groups were observed. The participants' auditory behavioral problems improved significantly in the experimental group, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. There was no significant difference in attention between the two groups, but there was a significant difference between the two groups in the "adaptability" and "emotion" domains (p < .05). Conclusion : The results suggest that therapeutic listening training has a positive effect on reducing problematic behaviors related to hearing and improving the occupational performance of children with sensory modulation disorder. This study provides a basis for improving the sensory processing ability of children with sensory modulation disorder by applying listening training in the clinical field and at home.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-69
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• 2017

The crisis of western welfare states and the spread of neoliberalism opened up the debate on community question and paid attention to community to cope with diverse social crises. There has been increasing recognition for the need to see World Heritage in terms of place and local community which had formed it rather than an object for conservation separated from the place where it is located. In addition, the conservation and use of cultural heritage can lead to the region's sustainable development and in turn is possible with the region's overall development. However, the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention does not specify the definition and geographic extent of community. This paper considers place-based communities, Sahachons and religious communities, Sindohoes of seven Buddhist monasteries in preparation for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and analyzes social networks of these two types of communities to see their consistency with their general characteristics. Social networks analyses indicates that some monasteries show significant differences between Sahachons and Sindohoes, but others do not. This result implies that communities should be seen as processes of constantly reconstituting their features and boundaries under their specific surroundings which are also in constant changes, thus requiring empirical studies.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.686-700
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• 2003

In Korea, aside from their official administrative names, aliases of each province or some regions are widely used not only today but also during the Joseon period when the provincial system as local administrative system was firmly implemented. Of aliases, the most representative were Giho, Gwandong, Hoseo, Haeseo, Honam, Yaeongnam, Gwanseo, and Gwanbuk representing the eight provinces (precisely, Gyeonggi and seven provinces) of Chosun Dynasty, as well as Yeongdong and Yeongseo that represent the east and the west of Gangwon-do. These aliases are mostly based on topographical features and physiographical elements, and compared to the official names of eight provinces which depended solely on city names. Of aliases, some appeared in literature during 13-l4th centuries, and all provincial aliases seem to have been widely used after the late 15th century. Aliases continued to be used for 500 to over 700 years. Aliases of eight provinces, geographically, played not lesser role than their official names. Aliases of the eight provinces and regions during the Chosun Dynasty that have been handed down are considered as holding their places' cultural and historical backgrounds, and have become important enough to be accepted as a unit of geographical regional division. The origin and meaning of aliases of each province have been partially disclosed to the geographical circle and the general public. However, the details should be reviewed. First of all, Gwan in Gwanbuk, Gwanseo and Gwandong, as well as Yeong in Yeongnam, Yeongdong and Yeongseo, are each considered as meaning Sobaek Mountain Range and Taebaek Mountain Range with many borderline areas (borders) and military strategic hubs. Also, Ho in Honam, Hoseo, and Giho, are considered as based on the Geum River and Eurimji, and Haeseo are considered as meaning the west of the Gyeonggi Bay, and having relevancy with the first letters of Haeju and Seoha (Pungcheon).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1987

This study was conducted to examine the effects of trampling on the changes in soil and vegetation around the trails. The study areas were established both on the trails and in the forested areas located in Ui and Jeongnung valleys at Pukhansan National Park. Soil core sampling, measurements of vegetations and counts of persons visited per hour were done during the period from April 6 to October 9, 1986. The physical properties of soils became better with increasing distances from the trail, and the best conditions were observed in the forested areas. The differences were not significant among the zones within the trailside. More number of individuals and basal area (or coverage) in woody plants were observed in the forested areas than at trailsides. For the herb layer, however, more number of individuals and coverage were shown at the trailside. In the Ui valley, the quantitative measures of herbaceous plants decreased as the bulk density and penetration resistance increased. In the Jeongnung valley, however, only bulk density was negatively related to the quantitative measures. The fact that there were poor relations between soil factors and quantitative measures of herbaceous plants in Jeongnung valley might be influenced by other factors rather than soil compaction. Thus, more research would be needed to understand the critical factors affecting the vegetational changes in recreation areas.