• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the failure examples for fire by friction on clutch, manual transmission and tire system in a car. In the first example, the driver took the pedal with foot to act the clutch. But the clutch disk did not return from flywheel by leakage of clutch hydraulic line. The heat was produced between clutch disk and flywheel by surface contacting. As a result, it was produced the fire by oil sludge sticked with transmission. In the second example, the transmission system was operated to transfer power of engine by contacting with gear and gear. But, as if the oil of transmission was caused the oil insufficiency because of leaking by crack of transmission case, it found the fact that was produced the fire by deposit material on transmission case. In the third example, when the car's driver continuously pushed an accelerator pedal for escaping from dry pit, the tire took the heat by the friction force between tire and surface of road. As a result, it became the direct cause for the fire. Therefore the driver must manage not to produce the fire with friction parts by heating during running.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.373-378
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• 2013

The speed change performance of transmissions has become a serious issue because of the increase in the inertia moment that has accompanied increases in engine output and transmission size. Therefore, it is necessary to develop better wear resistant friction materials. In this study, an appropriate sintered friction component for the synchronizer ring of a diesel manual transmission was developed, and its bonding characteristics were analyzed. That is, a process for bonding an Fe-based base material and Cu-based sintered friction material was developed. BSE and EDX analyses of this bonding layer were conducted, along with a shear strength test, to determine the bonding characteristics.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2006

A driver's feelings of transmission serve as a basis to judge not only the transmission but also the entire automobile that he or she drives. The importance of transmission feelings is increasing daily because of driver's desire for increased torque and other improved functions. In order to accommodate such desire of drivers, new friction materials have been developed. The study in this report compared the affects of such materials and the force for transmission theoretically and empirically. By doing so, the study attempted to establish basic references for computation of capacity and other factors to be determined at the time of design of synchronizer system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.110-120
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• 1994

Due to the increasing demands in comfortable drivability, most motor companies are developing their own unique shift controller to suppress the shift shock induced by gear change. For a typical automatic transmission system, the dynamic constraints of friction clutch was clarified for efficient program development and major factors effecting the shift transient was confirmed by simulation study. The MIMO LQG/LTR controller was designed to control the turbine and corresponding gear speed. By establishing the control strategy recalling transient response during shift the speed controller mentioned above was used as an indirect torque controller. Consequently a new concept for a systematic design method of shift controller applicable to wide-varying systems was suggested which is time efficient and cost efficient saving a lot of experimental study.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Hydraulic transmission is the main component delivering power to the drive wheels of an excavator during forward and backward movement, and it has low speed, high torque and high speed, low torque gear change ratios as a forward/backward two-speed main function. It also has additional function of ensuring that the excavator is stably fixed on the ground with the built-in parking brake during excavation operations. In this study, optimal design specifications are determined by modeling and simulating about the multi-disc-type friction clutch, which is the main component improving the reliability of the hydraulic transmission for a 14-ton wheel excavator, and the friction properties of the transmission clutch are analyzed by performing sample tests.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.226-233
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• 1998

In this paper, an experimental study was performed to investigate the speed ratio-torque-thrust characteristics for metal belt CVT. It is observed from the experimental results that nondimensional secondary thrust force follows with the existing theoretical formula with ${\mu}$=0.09~0.12 depending on the torque and the speed ratio. In order to represent these characteristics, an effective friction coefficient was introduced. Also, the slip characteristics between the belt and the pulley were investigated experimentally and traction coefficients at gross slip were obtained for various speed ratios. Using the traction coefficients and the effective friction coefficients, an improved formula for the secondary thrust force was suggested assuming that thrust force is the summation of the thrust of pseudo inactive arc and the thrust of pseudo active arc. The effective friction coefficient and the improved formula for the speed ratio-torque-thrust relationship suggested in this work can be used to obtain the appropriate secondary thrust.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.16-40
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• 1989

엔진오일 첨가제는 오일 전체의 성질에 영향을 주는 것과 윤활 부품의 표명 성질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 크게 구분할 수 있다. 표면 작용용 첨가제 들의 상호작용은 기대이하의 성능을 발휘하는 경우가 있고 그 원인은 첨가제의 상호작용에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있으므로 가능한 범위내에서 실험적으로 살펴보기로 한다. 현대자동차의 엔진과 변속기에 요구되는 윤활유 성능 특성을 만족시키기 위해서는 기유에 요구되는 적당한 성능을 발휘하기 위한 특수한 첨가제를 넣어주어야만 한다. 그러나 첨가제를 개발하는 과정에서 한가지 첨가제의 특성은 그 자체를 실험한 경우와 매우 상이한 결과가 완전히 혼합된 오일에서 나타남을 경험하게 된다. 이것은 첨가제들 자체의 상호작용에 의한 원인으로 암시되지만 이들에 관련된 연구나 지식은 상당히 제한되어 있다. 따라서 첨가제으 상호작용에 관한 실례를 찾아보고 관련자료를 검토해 보는 것은 의미있는 일이라 생각된다. 윤활오일 첨가제가 오일 자체의 성질에 영향을 주는 것으로 점도 시수향상제, 산화 방지제 같은 것이 있고 마찰 표면 특성에 영향을 미치는 내마모성 첨가제, 극압첨가제, 청정제, 분산제, 마찰 계수 감소제 등으로 크게 구분된다. 오일자체에 영향을 미치는 첨가제는 서로 별개로 작용하지만 그래도 상호 반응을 할 수 있다. 예를 들면 자유기 억제제와 과산화물 분해형식의 산화억제제의 혼합물은 산화억제 성능을 최대화 시켜준다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2008

Semi-spherical CVT(SS-CVT) is one of friction drives, which transmits power via the friction force between a spherical shaped variator and output disks. The variator varies the speed ratio of SS-CVT continuously as well as transmits input power into the output shaft. Therefore two friction forces are normally applied on the variator; one is the longitudinal friction force for power transmission and the other is the lateral for shifting. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of SS-CVT, we introduced a numerical model of 2-dimensional friction force using a function of slip ratio and slip angle. And a dynamic model, which describes the shifting mechanism of SS-CVT, is developed through 3-dimensional vector analysis. Finally we presented numerical results of the shift characteristics focused on the transient behavior of the variator's slip ratio and slip angle. The numerical results also show the typical CVT shifting characteristics of SS-CVT and stable shifting behaviors of the variator.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2014

Frictional heat greatly influences the friction behaviors during clutch engagement. Therefore, the engagement of a wet or dry clutch is frequently not under control by the frictional heat. In a wet clutch, the frictional temperature also specially needs to be controlled, and in many cases, the clutch material is selected to prevent a temperature rise from the friction between friction pad and separator. However, only the selection of the clutch material cannot ensure sufficient control of the temperature rise by the friction. The groove pattern on a friction pad is designed for more flow rates of transmission fluid between the contact gap of clutch pad and separator for the cooling effect. In this work, grove patterns are designed for more flow rates out of the contact gap between friction pad and separator plate. Selected groove design shows the improvement flow rates of transmission fluid through both inner and outer radius, where most of the transmission fluid flows through the outer radius when the clutch is engaged due to the centrifugal force in conventional wet clutch groove. Several comparisons of the amounts of frictional heat generated on clutch pads are made in order to verify the decrease of the temperature rise according to the flow rates along the groove patterns.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.132-142
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• 1999

In this paper, a new formula for primary and secondary thrust of metal belt CVT is proposed considering variation of band tension, block compression and active arc for each of the primary and secondary pulleys. For the secondary thrust, effective friction coefficient is introduced considering the effect of flange deflection. Nondimensional primary and secondary thrust of the metal belt CVT by the new formula agree well with the experimental results except for low torque range, $0\;<\;{\lambda}\;<\;0.2$ at speed ration i = 1.0. The new formula can be used in design of the primary and secondary thrusts control system for the metal belt CVT.