• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.12
• /
• pp.1159-1166
• /
• 1997

For Improvement of lung preservation, many tripes of preservation solution were developed and tested. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the most frequently used extracellular type pieservation solution (Low Potassium Dextran, LPD) with a newly developed trehalose containing extracellular type preservation solution(ET-Kyoto, ETK) on postischemic lung function. Twelve New-Zealand white rabbit lungs were harvested and studied on an isolated, blood-perfused model of lung function after 4 hours of cold ischemia at $10^{\circ}C$ In group I (n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of LPD solution; in group II(n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of ETK solution. A few minutes before flushing with preservation solutions, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$ of PGEI were injected into main pulmonary artery. Functions of the preserved lung were compared with PO2, PA pressure, t acheal air pressure, and drylwet ratio. The pulmonary efferent blood oxygen tension at the end of the 60-minute reperfusion period was higher in group II compacted with group I(486.5 $\pm$ 80.3 mmHg versus $432.5\pm82.9$ mmHg at FiO2 1.0, p-value = NS). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was similar in both $groups.(33.7\pm2.2$ mmHg versus $35.5\pm2.0$ mmHg, p-value : NS). The peak inspiratory airway pressure was significantly lower in group 11(8.010.6 mmHg versus 11.8 $\pm$ 1.4 mmHg, p-value=0.02) The water content of the lung was lower in group II $(70.2\pm6.9%$ versus 78.5 $\pm6.1%),$ but not significant. These data demonstrate that a newly-developed trehalose-containing ET-Kyoto solution yield equal or slightly superior lung function after reperfusion compared with LPD solution.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1997

The therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is generally attributed to their ability to block dopamine $D_2$ receptors. Classical $D_2$ antagonists are not effective to treat negative symptoms and produce extrapyramidal side effects On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents ameliorate negative symptoms without producing extra-pyramidal side effects, and it is reported to be associated with blockade of serotonin $5-HT_2$ receptors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of risperidone on neuroreceptors in the rat brain by Quantitative autoradiography method. In acute treatment group, risperidone was injected into Peritoneal cavity of male Wistar rats with dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg/kg in each group(5/group), and they were decapitated after 2 hours. In chronic treatment group, risperidone was injected with dose of 0, 0.1, and 1mg/kg(I.P.) for 21 days and decapitated after 24 hours following last treatment. The effect of risperodone on the binding of [$^3H$]spiperone to $5-HT_2$ and $D_2$ receptors were analysed in 4 discrete regions of the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex by quantitative autoradiography Acute treatment with risperidone reduced cortical $5-HT_2$ specific [$^3H$]spiperone binding to 32% of vehicle-treated control. Subcortical $5-HT_2$ specific [$^3H$]spiperone binding was not affected at all dose groups whereas a significant reduction (57%) in $D_2$ specific [$^3H$]spiperone binding was observed in risperidone treated group at doses of 1-2mg/kg. Chronic treatment with risperidone produced a decrease in the maximal number of cortical $5-HT_2$ receptors to 51% and 46% of control in 0.1mg/kg & 1mg/kg treated group respectively. In conclusion, risperidone is a cortical serotonin receptor antagonist with relatively weak antagonistic action on dopamine receptors. These effects oil neuroreceptors may explain the therapeutic effect of risperidone as a atypical antipsychotic agents.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Radio-isotopes (RI) use has been steadily developing due to industrial and technical development in the modern medical society. Particularly, popularization of domestic cyclotrons dramatically enable hospitals to produce and use diagnostic radio-isotopes. Generally, only specific facilities such as hospitals, research institutes, nuclear power plants and universities can use radio-isotopes, they are also responsible for ventilation system. The strength of radioactivity in the air is strongly regulated and controlled by korea atomic energy law in Korea Institue of Nuclear Safety (KINS), so that air radioactivity exposure can lead to environmental pollution surrounding places. In this study, we'd like to find out the investigation and the present condition of the controlled ventilation system in domestic hospitals by an emission standard from KINS, and try to reach an agreement about how to use the ventilation system. Result: Definition of filters, features and structures of pre-filters, hepa-filters, charcol filters, filter exchange procedures and precautions are explained. RI deflation concentration and filter exchange cycle have been presented as a standard prescribed in the rules of KINS. The Radiation Control Management System (RCMS) introduced by Seoul National University Bundang Hospital linking to digital pressure gauge with computer controller in another medical facilities were described in details. Conclusions: The system of medical facilities using RI has been remarkably developing in 21 century. Especially, radiation safety control system has also been grown rapidly into the subdivision, specialization, advanced technology along with international technical improvement. However, As far as current RI ventilation system is concerned, it has nothing better than doing in the past. Preferentially, to reinforce this, more sophisticated system with strict periodic filter exchange and exhaust air control guidance should be introduced by applying brilliant domestic information technology for RCMS and digital gauge method. From personal point of view as a radiation safety manager, I have provide with present problems and improvements. Futhermore, more improved guidance should be conducted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate accurately physical characteristics of total mixed rations (TMR) by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in fattening steers. Twelve Hanwoo (Bos Taurus coreanae) steers aged 26 months were used in this trial. Steers were offered one of two total mixed ration (TMR) diets - High or Low physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content groups-that were differentiated by mixing time. The carcass traits of the experimental animals were evaluated by Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) after slaughter. Body weight gain during the experimental period was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the High group ($30.00{\pm}10.27kg$) compared with the Low group ($17.20{\pm}6.34kg$), and daily weight gain was also high in the former. Although there was no significant difference, the carcass weight was higher in the High group ($414.60{\pm}34.28kg$) compared with the Low group ($377.80{\pm}11.97kg$). However, the beef quality grade of the Low group ($1^{++}$) was higher than that of the High group ($1^+$). Increases in body weight gain, daily gain, and carcass weight for the High group were mainly influenced by a high level of dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility; consequently, back-fat thickness increased and the beef quality grade was lowered. Because growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the physical traits of the diet, we suggested that proper peNDF content is also needed for fattening steers.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.498-502
• /
• 2007

A total of 5 female elk deer($220kg{\pm}10kg$) were included in a study on the changes in physico-chemical properties of deer meat during storage at $-4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$. The deers were exposed to normal pre-slaughter handling and put under anesthesia before slaughtered. The loin and leg cuts were deboned from the carcass after 24hrs slaughter. The samples weighing approximately 300g were packaged using wrap packaging and stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$. During the freezing period, the changes of moisture maintenance was slower for the meats kept at $-60^{\circ}C$ than that at $-30^{\circ}C$. The meat softness represented higher value after freezing, and it tended to be decreased with the passage of storage time. Comparing the values between freezing temperature, the value at $-30^{\circ}C$ was higher than at $-60^{\circ}C$. All meats frozen at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$ were edible after storage for 6 months. Loin was inedible, and leg was edible after freezing storage for 6 months. The pH values of the meats were increased during freezing period, even though pH value of the meats stored for 6 months was less than 5.70. Luminosity of loin was significantly increased with the passage of storage time, although loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$ was darker, and leg stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ was darker. The index of red color was rapidly decreased for loin stored at $-30^{\circ}C$, and for leg stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were no changes in the index of yellow color for loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, and the index for leg was increased with regardless of the freezing storage temperature after 6 months.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Recently, massive proteinuria has been observed in some transplant patients after switching cyclosporine A (CsA) to sirolimus. To evaluate the pathogenesis of sirolimus-associated proteinuria, we investigated the early changes in slit diaphragm molecules by various administrative conditions of sirolimus and CsA. Methods: In vitro-Mouse podocytes were incubated with buffer (C), sirolimus ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) after CsA ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S) for 12, 24, and 48 hours. In vivo- twenty four SPF female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups buffer (C), sirolimus after 2 weeks of CsA (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S). All groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 4 weeks (CsA: 25 mg/kg, sirolimus: 0.5 mg/kg). The changes in mRNA of slit diaphragm molecules were examined by RT-PCR. Results: The mRNA of nephrin was significantly decreased in group C-S and C+S in vitro. In vivo, the mRNA of nephrin in all groups using sirolimus and the mRNA of podocin in group C-S and C+S were decreased. Microscopically, group C-S and C+S showed small vacuolization and calcification in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry using nephrin and podocin antibodies did not show remarkable decrease of staining along the glomerular capillaries. Electron-microscopically, focal fusion of foot processes was seen in group C-S and C+S. Conclusion: This study suggests the decrease of slit diaphragm molecules (nephrin and podocin) in podocyte may be one of the causes of sirolimus associated proteinuria, and podocyte injury by sirolimus may need a primary hit by CsA to develop the proteinuria.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.230-237
• /
• 1999

Purpose : To elucidate the effects of pentoxifylline and diltiazem on the late response of the salivary glands of the rat after irradiation. Materials and Methods : Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups : (a) irradiation alone (b) irradiation with pentixifylline (PTX) (c) irradiation with diltiazem (DTZ) (d) irradiation with both PTX and DTZ. Irradiation was given in a single fraction of 16 Gy using 4 MV photon energy through an anterior port encompassing the left side of the salivary gland leaving the right side of salivary gland as a control. PTX, 20 mg/kg and/or DTZ, 50 mg/kg were infused intraperitoneally before irradiation, Two rats from each group were sacrificed on the 10th week and the rest was sacrificed on the 16th week after irradiation. Histopathologic examinations were undertaken for each section and the proportion of vacuolated cells out of the total number of cells under light microscopic fields was calculated. The statistical significance in the difference of the proportion of the vacuolated cells among the experimental groups was evaluated by a $x^2$-test. Results : Irradiated salivary glands of the 10th week group revealed markedly increased number of vacuolated cells compared to those of unirradiated control. The proportion of vacuolated cells was significantly reduced in both the PTX group (p value=0.001) and the combined PTX and DTX group compared to those of irradiation alone group. The DTZ alone group did not reveal the significant reduction of vacuolated cells compared to those of irradiation alone group (p value, >0.05). The 16th week groups revealed similar findings to those of the 10th week group, but the degree of chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates and interstitial fibrosis was increased and the number of acinar cells was reduced compared to those of the 10th week group. Conclusions : PTX significantly reduced the late radiation response of salivary glands, but DTZ did not reduce the same degree as PTX did. Taking the positive results of this study into consideration, it seems reasonable to apply PTX into the clinical trial for the head and neck irradiation to reduce the late radiation sequelae of salivary glands in the near future. At the same time the further experiment to clarify the subcellar mechni는 involved in PTX should be preceded.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.238-248
• /
• 1999

Purpose : To assess the histomorphologic changes in the rat lung injury induced by radiation, to determine whether captopril reduces the rat lung injury and to evaluate change in TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ in rat lung damage by radiation and captopril Methods and material : Right lungs in male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided irradiation alone (10, 20, 30 Gy) or radiation (same dose with radiation alone group) with captopril (500 mg/L). Radiation alone group were sacrificed at twelve hours and eleven weeks after radiation and radiation with captopril group (captopril group) were sacrificed at eleven weeks after radiation with captopril. We examined the light microscope and electron microscopic features in the groups. Results : In radiation alone group, there were patch parenchymal collapse and consolidation at twelve hours after radiation. The increase of radiation dose shows more prominent the severity and broader the affected areas. Eleven weeks after radiation, the severity and areas of fibrosis had increased in proportion to radiation dose given in the radiation alone group. There was notable decrease of lung fibrosis in captopril group than in radiation alone group. The number of mast cells rapidly increased with increase of radiation dose in radiation alone group and the degree of increase of mast cell number and severity of collagen accumulation more decreased in captopril group than in radiation alone group. In radiation alone group, expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ increased according to increase of radiation dose at twelve hours after radiation in both group. At eleven weeks after radiation, expression of TGF-${\beta}$ increased according to increase of radiation dose in radiation group but somewhat decreased in captopril group. In the captopril group the collagen deposition increased but less dense than those of radiation alone group. The severity of perivascular thickening, capillary change, the number and degranulation of mast cells more decreased in the captopril group than in the radiation alone group. Conclusion : It is concluded that the effect of captopril in the rat lungs after radiation was considered to be due to its effect on inhibition of mast cells and reduction of collagen deposition, and captopril may be protect in lung damage after radiation. We observed expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}$ increased at the early phase after radiation and expression of TGF-${\beta}$ increased in proportion to increase of radiation dose at the chronic phase after radiation. This results will contribute to future investigation in reduction mechanism of captopril in lung damage after radiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2015

Based on the results of previous studies, endoscopic biopsy sample's quality has a major impact on its adequacy for histopathology, and that the nature of the biopsy forceps can influence the specimen quality. The present study compared the effects of three different types of endoscopic biopsy forceps and two different operators on sample quality and adequacy for histopathology in three healthy cats. Every biopsy was performed between the major papilla and caudal duodenal flexure, and each operator performed five biopsies with each type of forceps on each cat, for a total of 90 biopsies. One pathologist evaluated the quality and adequacy of the obtained samples. Biopsies performed with large-cup forceps provided heavier and longer samples than the standard round forceps. With the same size forceps, the presence of alligator teeth had no effect on sample quality or adequacy for histopathological examination and assessment. Based on the results of the present study, although the standard round forceps could be used to obtain adequate samples for histopathology, large-cup forceps such as the standard oval and alligator jaw type have the advantage of obtaining high quality endoscopic samples.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.547-555
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to determine the minimum dose of Poloxamer/Sodium alginate (PX/SA) mixture on preventing intraperitoneal adhesions to evaluate organ toxicity. Twenty five healthy adult mongrel dogs (weighing 4.68${\pm}$1.67 kg) were divided into five experimental groups composed of five dogs respectively; negative control group (NC, non-treated), positive control group (PC, 2% carboxymethyl chitosan solution treated), and experiment 1 group (E1, 0.25 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area), experiment 2 group (E2, 0.5 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area), experiment 3 group (E3, 1.0 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area). Venous blood specimens were collected from all experimental animals for hematologic and biochemical analysis: WBC, fibrinogen, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine. The anti-adhesion effect was evaluated using a serosa abrasion model. The denuded ileum was coated with PX/SA mixture, carboxymethyl chitosan solution or neither. The tensile strength of the adhesion site was evaluated with a tensiometer. For histopathological examination, tissue samples of the liver and kidney were collected from all dogs. According to the results, the frequency and tensile strength values for adhesion separation in PX/SA group were significantly lower than those in negative control group (p < 0.05). In E2 group, the tensile strength was significantly decreased in consideration of PX/SA dose. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine of the control and the experimental groups showed no statistical differences. No obvious microscopic differences were noted among tissue sections obtained from all groups. The results suggest that PX/SA mixture may be effective on reducing peritoneal adhesion formation in dog and that 0.5 ml PX/SA mixture of abraded area is most effective dose. Moreover, PX/SA mixture was considered not to have toxicity for the liver and the kidney.