• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.314-334
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• 2013

This study explored an efficient modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of residues of 76 pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn including acidic sulfonylurea herbicides. Formic acid (1%) acid in acetonitrile and dispersive solid phase extractions used for extraction of pesticides and clean-up of the extract respectively. Two fortified spikes at 50 and 200 ng $g^{-1}$ levels were performed for recovery test. Mean recoveries of majority of pesticides at two spike levels ranged from 73.2 to 132.2, 80.9 to 136.8, 66.6 to 143.5 for brown rice, barley and corn respectively with standard error (CV) less than 10%. Good linearity of calibration curves were achieved with $R^2$ > 0.9907 within the observed concentration ranged. The modified method also provided satisfactory results for sulfonylurea herbicides. The method was applied to the determination of residues of target pesticides in real samples. A total of 26 pesticides in 36 out of 98 tasted samples were observed. The highest concentration was observed for tricyclazole at 1.17 mg $kg^{-1}$ in brown rice. This pesticide in two brown rice samples exceeded their MRLs regulated for rice in republic of Korea. Except tricyclazole none of the observed pesticides' concentration was higher than their MRLs. The results reveal that the method is effectively applicable to routine analysis of residues of target pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.107-121
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• 2020

The performance analysis of the small satellites launch vehicle using the electric pump cycle as the upper stage engines was performed. The first stage is the launch vehicle that uses the test launch vehicle of the Korea Space Launch Vehicle II and the second stage employs elecpump cycle engine that uses liquid methane and kerosene (RP-1) as fuel. A model for the mass estimation was presented and the analysis was conducted for the range of thrust of 20 to 40 kN and combustion pressure of 3 to 6 MPa with a nozzle expansion ratio of 60 to 100. The mixture ratio with the maximum velocity increment was calculated and the performance of the LEO and SSO payload were calculated from the stage mass estimation. In both the cases, liquid methane, and RP-1 showed maximum payload for 20 kN thrust, 3 MPa combustion pressure, and the nozzle expansion ratio of 100, with a mixture ratio of 3.49 for liquid methane and 2.75 for RP-1. In addition, the ditching points of the first stage and the fairing in the LEO mission were analyzed using ASTOS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

Benzophenone (BP) which is one of endocrine disrupting chemicals is suspected to contaminate waters (river, lake and industrial drainage) and soils (ground soil and sediment). Analytical method for determination of BP in soil and water was developed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Water sample (100 mL) was extracted with n-hexane, and soil (10 g) was extracted with methanol and n-hexane. Recovery for BP was >71.4% in water and 86.5-94.7% in soil with coefficient variation of less than 19.8%. Calibration curves showed a good linearity ($r^2$ >0.998). In water, soil and sediment collected at nation-wide sites, BP was detected at 5 sites among 43 water sites at the concentration range of 30-200 ng/L. No BP was found in the soil and sediment samples. It is suggested that this method will be useful to the determination of BP in the environmental matrices such as waters, soils and sediments in minute quantities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.588-596
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• 2012

This paper presents a new semi-analytical annular Mindlin plate element with which out-of-plane natural vibration of thick disks can be analyzed simply, efficiently, and accurately through FEM by including effects of rotary inertia and transverse shear deformation. Using static deformation modes which are exact solutions of equilibrium equations of annular Mindlin plate, the element interpolation functions, stiffness and mass matrices corresponding to each number of nodal diameters are derived. The element is capable of representing out-of-plane rigid-body motions exactly and free from shear locking. Natural frequencies of uniform and multi-step disks with or without concentric ring support are analyzed by applying the presented element. Such results are compared with theoretical predictions of previous works or FEA results obtained by using two-dimensional shell element to investigate the convergence and accuracy of the presented element.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.354-354
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• 2012

실리콘 양자점 태양전지는 실리콘이 nm 크기의 양자점으로 될 경우 밴드갭이 증가하여 태양광 중의 가시광선을 광전변환에 활용함으로써 효율을 향상시키는 차세대 태양전지이다. 그러나 실리콘 양자점이 SiO2 매질 내에 분포하므로 양자점층의 두께가 증가할 경우 박막의 직렬저항이 증가하여 일정 두께 이상이 되면 효율이 감소하는 결과를 가져온다. 본 연구에서는 두께증가에 따른 효율저하 문제를 해결하기 위해 다결정 실리콘으로 이루어진 완충층을 도입 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 두 가지 형태의 실리콘 양자점 태양전지를 제작하여 광전변환 특성을 비교하였다. 첫 번재 구조는 B이 도핑된 단일 실리콘 양자점층 태양전지이다. 양자점층은 2 nm SiOx 층과 2 nm SiO2 층을 적층한 후 $1,100^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 질소 분위기에서 급속 열처리하여 제작하였다. 실리콘 양자점 층의 두께를 40 nm에서 200 nm까지 변화시키면서 효율을 측정한 결과 100 nm 정도에서 효율이 감소하기 시작하였다. 이러한 효율감소는 양자점층의 저항 증가에 따른 전류감소에 의함이 확인되었다. 이와는 대조적으로 실리콘 양자점 층의 저항을 줄이기 위해 실리콘 양자점층 내에 50 nm 간격으로 10 nm 두께의 B이 도핑된 다결정 실리콘층을 배치하는 실리콘 양자점 태양전지를 개발하였다. 이러한 실리콘 양자점 층의 두께를 증가시킬 경우 효율이 지속적으로 증가함을 관찰하였다. 이러한 두 가지 형태의 양자점층을 이차이온질량분석법으로 분석한 결과 단일 실리콘 양자점층의 경우 두께가 약 70 nm 정도부터 이온빔 스퍼터링에 의한 저항증가에 따른 대전현상 (charging)이 관찰되었으나 다결정 실리콘 층이 배치된 실리콘 양자점층에서는 전혀 대전현상이 발생하지 않았다. 이는 다결정 실리콘 층이 캐리어를 이동시키는 매개체 역할을 하는 것으로 해석될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 2004

Using numerous ground-based or space-based telescopes by many astronomers, AGN spectroscopic monitoring campaigns have been carried out over many years to study the variability of continua and emission lines. We investigate the SWP IUE spectra of a large aperture configuration for the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 5548. We estimate the BLR electron number densities and their variation from the line ratios of C III] 1909 to Si III] 1892. With the ratios of C IV 1550 to C III] 1909 which give us the information on the ionization parameter of BLR, we try to find the physical conditions of the BLR and activities of he super massive black hole surroundings. The BLR density variations scale as 4 and 8 for NGC 4151 and NGC 5548, respectively. Based on the BLR size and C III] line profiles, we found both black hole masses as about $10^7$ $M_{\odot}$.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the exposure level of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide to floriculture workers and florists. The urinary dialkylphosphates, metabolites of organophosphorus insecticides, including dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethylphosphate (DEP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), diethylthiophosphate(DETP) and pyrethroids of metabolites, cis/trans DCCA, DBCA, and 3-PBA were analysed to evaluate the exposure of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide to floriculture workers and florists. The concentration of DMP is highest in floriculture workers. but the concentration of DETP is highest in retail florist. The concentration of 3-PBA is highest in floriculture workers. The amount of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticide expusure is highest in flower workers, wholesale florist and retail florists are followed. The management for reducing pesticide exposure to floriculture workers and wholesale florist is required.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.300-304
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• 2016

The aim of this study were to evaluate the exposure level of pyrethroid pesticide according to spraying machine type. The urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticide in apple farmers were analyzed to determine the exposure level of pyrethroid pesticide. The result shows that, the spraying volume was greater in SS sprayer group than in power sprayer group. But multi variate analysis which adjust spraying volume and field area, there were no difference of urinary metabolites between two sprayer machine. To make more accurate model of pesticide exposure, the factors influencing pesticide exposure should be determined and further study should be done.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.600-606
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• 1999

A reactive type acoustic filter is developed based on the phase cancellation effect which is occurring in the plane wave propagation through the two paths where the cross sectional areas are reversely changing. The theory is experimentally validated by the use of a cylindrical duct and an inserted hollowed cone of which vertex part is eliminated. Noise attenuation and the filtered frequency are dependent on the area variation and the effective length of the filter. Experimental comparison shows that the filtered frequencies of 1st and 2nd mode are lower than the analytical prediction due to the mass loading effects, and the 3rd mode is in good agreement. The proposed filter can be applied as an in-duct noise filter for improving the sound quality in a narrow space for various industrial applications.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.491-499
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• 1997

We fabricated the ceramic PLT tablet which was composed of 5, 10 and 15 mol% lanthanum concentration and thin film PLT to develope pyroelectric materials, and investigated their characteristics. Using TG/DTA, we determined calcination and sintering temperature to sinter the PLT completely and to prevent volatilization of the Pb components. The calcination and sintering temperature were $850^{\circ}C$, $1150^{\circ}C$ respectively, and there was a lot of mass loss at higher sintering temperature. By measuring temperature-dielectric constant characteristics of ceramic tablet we investigated dielectric constant characteristics depends on La concentration. The Curie point of PLT with 5, 10 and 15 mol% lanthanum concentration were $330^{\circ}C$, $269^{\circ}C$ and $210^{\circ}C$ respectively. Using PLT ceramic tablet we observed IR detection characteristics, and then deposited PLT thin film by rf magnetron sputtering. We verified that PLT thin film fabricated with completely sintered PLT target had the same structure to target by investigating lattice constant and optical transparency.