• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.565-573
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• 1998

Malignant pleural effusions are most commonly associated with lung cancers, however, it also can be resulted from breast cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers and so on. According to the their histologic types, adenocarcinoma have been known as the most common cell type of malignant pleural effusions and squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We herein present incidences, clinical characteristics and survivals of malignant pleural effusions according to their cell types and primary diseases. The objects are 84 malignant pleural effusion patients diagnosed by pleural fluid cytologic examination or pleural biopsy from Jan. 1992 to May. 1997 in Seoul National University Hospital. A retrospective chart review on their histologic types, biochemical parameters and survivals is described. Among 84 patients, 52 were males and the other 32 were females with 1.6:1 of male and female ratio and their mean age was 57.6 years old. Common symptoms of them wele dyspnea, cough, sputum and pleuritic chest pain. The proportions of bloody nature of effusion, lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion, exudative effusions were 66%, 39% and 93%, respectively. They consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma(33 cases of them were lung cancers), and 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (8 cases of them were lung cancers), 10 cases of malignant lymphoma, 8 cases of small cell lung cancer and a case of mesothelioma and leukemia. There was no differences in characteristics of effusions, clinical features and survivals between each histologic cell types. Analyzing them according to primary diseases, no difference except longer survivals in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer than from other cancers was observed. In conclusion, considering the incidences of histologic types of lung cancers during same period (squamous cell carcinoma; 47%, adenocarcinoma; 33%, small cell lung cancer; 12% and large cell carcinoma; 2%), malignant pleural effusions more likely occurred in adenocarcinoma than other cell types of lung cancers and there was no significant difference of clinical characteristics between histologic types.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2002

Purpose : The aim of this study is to find a method to diagnose and treat children who showed benign hemophagocytic histiocytes in bone marrow examination. Methods : We analyzed the clinical data of thirty patients retrospectively who showed benign hemophagocytic histiocytes in bone marrow examination from January 1995 to November 2001 at Keimyung University Dong-san Hospital. Bone marrow histiocytes were classified into a few, some, and many according to the number of histiocytes comparing with the white cells. Results : The age of thirty patients ranged from two months to 15 years. The median age was 5.6 years with male predominance(2.3 : 1). The most frequent clinical manifestation was fever; others were respiratory symptom, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and skin rash(in order of frequency). Common laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and abnormal liver function test. Infection was present in 30 patients; causative organisms were documented in 15 patients, and bacterial infection was more common. Epstein Barr virus was the cause of infection in four patients. Bone marrow examination showed a few(20.0%), some(75.0%) and many(30.0%) hemophagocytic histiocytes. Combination immunochemotherapy including immunoglobulin, steroids and cyclosporine were helpful in 22 out of 30 patients. The mortality rate was high in young patients who showed some to many hemophagocytic histiocytes. Conclusion : Bone marrow examinations and early detection of histiocytes will be helpful in children who have fever, hepatosplenomegaly and abnormal liver function test. Immunochemotherapy were helpful and further investigation will be needed for the detection of the relationship between the bone marrow findings and prognosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.290-297
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• 2000

Background : Current non-invasive methods for evaluating the mediastinum by computed tomographic (CT) scan have limited sensitivity and specificity. The recently introduced PET was reported to be a more sensitive and specific method for the mediastinal staging of NSCLC (sensitivity : 76-100 %, specificity : 81-100%) than CT or MRI. We assessed the usefulness of PET in the mediastinal staging of NSCLC. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of NSCLC patients that had undertaken staging work-up by both CT and PET before thoracotomy between January 1997 and December 1998. A total of 23 patients were enrolled in the study (14 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 61$\pm$9 years. By comparing the clinical(CT and PET) and pathologic stagings, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of PET in thoracic nodal staging. Results : Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value and negative predicted value were 38%, 40%, 25% and 50% respectively for computed tomography, and 50%, 60%, 30% and 69% for PET. The accuracy of FDG-PET in our study was lower than that reported by previous other studies. Conclusion : The addition of FDG-PET to CT scanning has limited benefit for the thoracic nodal staging of NSCLC, but its value in our study was lower than that observed by others.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2000

Purpose: Thallim-201 ($^{201}Tl$) brain SPECT, which can represent cellular activity of brain lesions, may provide more useful information in differentiating between benign and malignant brain lesions more so than CT of MRI, that merely represents anatomic changes or breakdown of blood brain barrier. We used $^{201}Tl$ brain SPECT prospectively to evaluate the utility of $^{201}Tl$-indices as an indicator of benign or malig nant lesions. Materials and Methods: We studied 28 patients. There were 13 cases of benign lesions (3: nonspecific benign lesion, 3: meningioma, 2: low grade glioma, 1: tuberculoma, central neurocytoma, hemangioblastoma, radiation necrosis, and choroid plexus papilloma) and 15 cases of malignant lesions (6: glioblastoma multiforme, 5: anaplastic glioma, 2: medulloblastoma, 1: metastasis and lymphoma). In all patients, CT and/or MRI were obtained and then $^{201}Tl$ brain SPECT was obtained with measuring mean $^{201}Tl$ index and peak $^{201}Tl$ index. An unpaired t-test was performed to compare the $^{201}Tl$-indices and pathologic diagnoses to evaluate the utility of $^{201}Tl$-indices as all indicator of benign or malignant lesions. Results: There were no statistically significant difference in $^{201}Tl$-indices between benign and malignant brain lesion (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that we could not use $^{201}Tl$ indices on brain SPECT alone as an indicator of benign or malignant brain lesions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1118-1124
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• 2014

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a common respiratory disease in nursery and grow-finishing pigs. A complex of viral and bacterial agents is known to be involved in the etiology of PRDC. The purpose of this study was to investigate common etiologic agents associated with PRDC in the field and compare detection methods for identifying these agents. To understand the mechanism of polymicrobial infection in PRDC, changes in the expression of cytokines were investigated. In 461 pig samples examined, most of the affected pigs ranged from 3 to 10 weeks old (73.4%), and 348 (75.4%) samples were confirmed as polymicrobial infection. Of the polymicrobial-infected cases, two (50.3%), three (32.2%), four (13.8%), five (3.2%), and six (0.5%) agents were detected. Two- or three-agent infections were the most common, with PRRSV/PCV-2 (44.6%) the most common two-agent infection. PRRSV/PCV-2/H. parasuis (11.0%) was the most common three-agent infection. Comparison of two detection methods (PCR and IHC) in the polymicrobial cases showed that 78.4% were PCV-2 positive with the PCR method, and 26.2% were PCV-2 positive with IHC. SIV was 7.8% by the PCR method and 3.7% positive by the IHC. This result indicates that the PCR method is more useful than IHC for detecting causative agents in PRDC. In the analysis of cytokines in the two- and three-agent infected samples, interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-${\alpha}$ showed the same expression pattern. All cytokines were suppressed, except IL-6. These findings indicate that changes in cytokine expression could be used to understand the mechanism of polymicrobial infection in PRDC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2006

Purpose: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in key regulators of cell growth and cell turnover, We investigated apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation in gastric adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 were peformed, using paraffin-embedded tissues of 41 gastric adenomas and 100 gastric adenocarcinomas. These results were compared with histopathologic parameters. Results: The Ki-67 labelling index was higher in adenocarcinomas than in adenomas and the apoptotic index was higher in adenomas than in adenocarcinomas. There were no significant difference between the apoptotic index/Ki-67 labelling index and clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: We propose that cell proliferation is more closely associated with gastric adenocarcinomas than apoptosis is, but that neither has any clinical significance as a prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinomas. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2006;6:91-96)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.482-485
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• 2009

The middle mediastinum contains several important organs and pluripotent cells. It is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis in patients with middle mediastinal tumors due to a wide range of diseases. The likelihood of malignancy is influenced primarily by the following factors: patient age, size, tumor location, and the presence or absence of symptoms. We describe a case of a middle mediastinal tumor, which was suspected on chest x-ray; chest computed tomography revealed the eccentric mass of distal esophagus. This case emphasizes the diagnostic importance of the chest x-ray to the physicians. The possible differential diagnoses are reviewed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.383-386
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• 1995

Schistosomiasis is a snail-transmitted trematodiasis acquired by immersion in water which contains the cercariae. In Korea, six imported cases of urinary schistosomiasis by Schistosomc haematobium and one case of imported cerebral schistosomiasis by S. mansoni were reported. Herein we report a case of S. monsoni infecting rectum of a 46 year-old Korean male, who had been to Saudi Arabia for two years. On colonoscopy for routine physical check up, a 0.4 cm polyp in the rectum was detected and biopsy was done. Microscopically, rectal mucosa showed several granulomas which were composed of macrophages, Iymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. The center of each granuloma showed an ovoid egg often containing miracidium. The eggs measured 130 × 60 ㎛ in average size. They had yellowish-brown transparent shell loth the characteristic lateral spille. This is the 8th imported case of schistosomiasis in Korea and the second one infected by S. mansoni. Key words: Schistosomc mansoni, rectum, Korea, imported case.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 1995

Changes in protein content during oocyte development was measured and egg-specific protein was characterized from the eggs in Lucilia illustris. During normal development ovarian protein was rapidly increased at 72hr and reached maximum at 96hr after a protein meal, when the eggs were fully matured. Purified protein from the ovaries by gel filtration of DEAE-cellulose an Sephacryl S-200 was loaded on 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified at ${R}_{f}$ 0.4 as egg-specific protein, which has a mol. wt of 110,000. A total of 13 amino acids in th egg-specific protein was identified and expecially asparagine, glutamic acid, and tyrosine were highly concentrated. Five fatty acids were also identified. It is suggested that there is a specific protein in the eggs of L. illustris except yolk protein synthesized and secreted by fat body.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2005

Objectives: Castleman's disease(CD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. To elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics of CD, we retrospectively reviewed our experience. Methods: Fifteen patients with CD of the neck and mediastinum were identified. Patients were divided into two groups: group I had an unicentric CD and group II had multicentric CD. The histology of CD was divided into 3 subtypes: hyaline-vascular(HV), plasma cell(PC), and mixed. Results: The study included 12 cases of group I, 3 cases of group II in the clinical aspect and 10 cases with HV, 3 cases with PC, 2 cases with mixed type in the histologic aspect. Of group I patients who underwent complete surgical excision, all are currently free of disease. The clinical course of group II patients was variable. Of two patients with multicentric plasma cell CD who were treated, one remain free from disease and the other had a local recurrence in the neck. One patient with multicentric mixed CD died of disease after 30 months of presentation. Conclusion: Surgical resection is recommend for patients with the unicentric CD, regardless of histologic subtype. Patients with multicentric disease do not benefit from surgical resection and should be candidates for multimodality therapy.