• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

The vibration generated on shipboard is very important because it is greatly affect on the comfortable mind of passenger and working conditions et crews. Shipboard vibration is closely concerned with the development of propulsion method tint is main engine to decide speed of ship. To make the propulsion power, the main engine of ship engine room have continuous explosion process, so the shipboard vibration is generated The physiological damage and psychological damage of human body have caused by the vibration et shipboard In the case of the human body is exposed to the shipboard vibration, the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration is prescribed in ISO 6954: 2000(E). In this paper, to evaluate the shipboard working environment, the vibration levels of two kinds of ship onboard were measured and compared with engine rooms, engine control rooms and bridges by the regulation of ISO 6954: 2000(E)

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.605-614
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• 2015

A room-and-pillar underground structure is characterized by its grid-type array of room and pillar. As a result, its construction and economical efficiency can be governed by excavation sequence. In this study, the construction period by the drill and blast method which can be treated as a main sequence for excavation was examined by considering the regulation for blasting and construction standard of estimation in Korea. To evaluate the construction period for the room-and-pillar underground structure constructed in 4 kinds of square-type area ($30{\times}30{\sim}57{\times}57m$), the concurrent excavation pattern which was suggested in the previous researches was used. From the suggested condition, the total construction period by drill-and-blast method can be estimated with the consideration of the construction area, number of jumbo drill and faces in operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2010

A room scale fire test was done for interior materials from a subway vehicle installed within an ISO 9705 fire test room. The interior materials are the old ones which were made before the new fire safety guideline of subway vehicles. The output of ignition burner was increased in controlled steps to CEN/TS 45545-1. The objectives of this interior fire test are to assess the fire performance in terms of ignition and flame spread on interior lining materials and to provide data on an enclosure fires involving subway vehicle interior materials that grow to flashover. Temperatures, heat flux and heat release rate variations verse time of the test are measured. Heat release rate is compared with that of calculated by modified flaming area based summation method. These test results will be used for verification of CFD fire simulation of full subway vehicle.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.761-769
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• 2006

한국사회에서 새로운 미디어 문화로 가장 각광받는 것 중 하나가 '싸이월드(www. cyworld.com)' 이다. 싸이월드는 웹(Web)에서 하루하루의 일기(Log)를 쓰는 개념인 '개인 블로그(Blog)'로써 개인 미니 홈페이지 형태이다. 이는 단순한 트렌드에 그치는 것이 아니라, 2000 년대 초 카페나 커뮤니티를 기반으로 한 '집단(group) 사이버 문화'를 '개인 (individual) 사이버 문화'로 전환시키는 하나의 문화적 수준에서 논의되고 있다. 그런데 블로그 사이버 문화는 자본주의 소비문화와 밀접하게 연결된다. 현대의 사이비 문화는 개인의 능동적 선택과 이용을 전재로 하므로 자율적이고 독창적인 방식으로 미디어 문화를 소비하는 데, 자본주의 경제사회 속에서 개인의 자율성은 표면적인 이미지에 지나지 않는다. 특히 싸이월드와 같은 개인 미디어는 더욱 개인의 자율성에 기반한 문화행위를 실천하지만, 사실 싸이월드틀 움직이는 경제구조 속에서 규제된다. 싸이월드 이용자가 기본 미니홈피 플랫폼에 자신만의 개성을 표현하기 위해서는 '도토리' 라는 싸이월드의 전자화폐를 사용해야 하고, 이를 이용해 미니룸, 미니미, 스킨, 배경음악 등의 아이템을 구매한다. 그러나 싸이월드 이용자들은 개인의 자율성에 의해 소비행위를 창출하는 것이므로 이를 통해 이윤을 획득하는 자본세력에 대해서는 고려하지 않는다. 이것이 바로 자본주의 소비문화에 의해 지배되는 부정적인 '실제의 왜곡' 이다. 개인의 자율성을 강조함으로써 자본가의 이윤획득 구조를 은폐하여 자본본주의 소비를 재생산하고 강화하는 것이다. 따라서 우리는 개인 문화를 강조하는 현대 미디어 문화구조를 자본주의 권력의 장(場)으로 이해해야 한다. 그리고 미디어 문화의 생산과 소비를 통해 자본주의 소비 문화가 재생산되고 강화되는 현상을 비판함으로써 온라인 블로그의 커뮤니케이션 특성이 생산자(producer)로서의 기능보다 소비자(consumer) 로서의 기능이 강조되고 있음을 이해해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to suggest optimum guidelines apartment rooms by conducing survey among residence whose apartment floor size is between $66-198m^2$ and whose apartment is less than 3 years old. The effective numbers of survey questionnaire turned in was 226 and the survey analysis has been made by using of SPSS WIN 12.0. The results and conclusion of the studies are as follows; (1) $66{\sim}98m^2$ : The recommended numbers of bedroom is 2 and 3. The size of maser bedroom needs to be decreased whereas the size of living room be increased. (2) $99-131m^2$: The recommended numbers of bedroom is 3 and 4. The size of maser bedroom and maser bathroom needs to be decreased whereas the size of living room, 2nd bedroom, kitchen and dining room needs to be increased. (3) $132-164m^2$: The recommended numbers of bedroom is 3 and 4. The size of maser bedroom and bathroom needs to be decreased whereas the size of dress room, kitchen and dining room, and 2nd bedroom needs to be increased. (4) $165-197m^2$: The recommended numbers of bedroom is 3 and 4. The size of maser bedroom and maser bathroom needs to be decreased and the size of dressroom and kitchen /dinning room needs to be increased. (5) $198m^2$ and above: the recommended numbers of bedroom is 3,4 and 5. The size of dressroom needs to be increased. It is revealed that the number of bedroom doesn't need to be increased as the size of apartment is increased. Larger space is required for the public space for the family and dressroom. And smaller space is required for the maser bedroom and master bathroom.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

Clean stockers are being used by semiconductor and TFT-LCD manufacturers to store and buffer work in process. Since an important function of a stocker is to keep the contained material clean. The only way to keep the stored product clean is to provide constant clean airflow the product and through stocker, The airflow across the product prevent contamination from settling on the product. Up to now, stocker typically have been configured to receive their laminar airflow from fan filter units that are located on the side of the stocker This type of stocker may have such problems as complexity of structure, increment of temperature, mechanical vibration, initial investment and running cost. In this study, In order to solve the above mentioned problems, new air control system in stocker is proposed, which is to control open ratios of exits that are located on the side of the stocker without fan filter units. Open ratios of exits need to be optimized for the same quantities of airflow in each exit. In this study, static pressure regain was used for the analysis of the open ratios of exits theoretically and Blue Ridge Numerics FEM software, CFDesign, was used fur simulating airflow in stocker. As a result, Open ratios of exits important to provide constant clean airflow can be obtained by the analysis of static pressure regain and was verified by simulation results. Therefore, new air control system in stocker can be used by the semiconductor and TFT-LCD manufacturers.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2009

ELV(; End of Life Vehicles)를 비롯한 최근 환경 동향은 자동차 전장 모듈에 대하여 다양한 무연 솔더 적용을 요구하고 있다. 특히 자동차 엔진룸과 트랜스미션은 가동 중 고온 및 진동의 지속적인 영향을 받기 때문에 이와 유사한 환경에서의 신뢰성 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Sn3.5Ag, Sn0.7Cu, Sn5.0Sb 솔더 조성에 대하여 복합환경 조건하에서 접합부 신뢰성을 평가하였다. 복합환경을 구현하기 위하여 $-40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도 사이클과 랜덤 진동을 동시에 인가하였으며, 진동 가속도 3G, 진동주파수는 10~1000Hz 로 설정하여 자동차 환경을 충족하였다. 복합시험의 1 cycle 은 20 시간이며, 총 120 시간의 시험 동안 진동의 영향 및 진동과 고온이 동시에 작용하였을 경우의 영향에 대해 비교하였다. 테스트 모듈 제작을 위해 450 um 의 솔더볼이 적용되었으며, 각 조성의 솔더볼을 이용하여 BGA test chip 제작하였고, 제작된 BGA test chip 은 다시 daisy chain PCB 위에 실장 및 리플로우 공정을 통해 접합되었다. 테스트 동안 In-situ 로 저항의 변화를 관찰하여 파단의 유무를 판단하였고 전자주사현미경을 통해 파괴 기전을 평가하였다. 복합시험 시간에 따른 전단강도를 측정하였으며, 각 조성에 대하여 상이한 전단강도 변화를 관찰하였다. 계면 IMC 형상은 전단강도 변화에 영향을 주었으며, 특히 높은 온도가 IMC 성장을 촉진시켜 전단강도 감소에 영향을 주었다. 본 복합환경 시험 조건에서는 Sn0.7Cu 가 가장 안정적이었으며, 파단면을 관찰한 결과 연성파괴 모드가 관찰되었다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.44-56
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• 2013

This research is to identify how much toxic combustion gases are produced from Korea standardized real fire test (Class A&B) by using Room Corner Tester (RCT) and how much those gases are possibly dangerous to testing personnel by estimating the level of carboxyhemoglobin (% COHb). It is confirmed that testing personnel can be affected as more than 40% COHb from Class A 9th and 10th rating in respiration minute volume (RMV) 2 and from Class A 5th to Class A 10th rating in RMV 3 during the time for initial three minutes. Also, in the case of Class B real fire tests, although it is considered rather safe for the initial 1 minute, testing personnel can be affected as more than 20% COHb from Class B 16th to 20th rating in RMV 3 during total test time. Currently, the Korea standard is only focusing on the protection measures against the heat, but the it is neglecting the protection measures against toxic combustion gases. Therefore, according to this study, it is strongly recommended that testing personnel should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, or the equivalence depending on the real fire test rating.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to analyze the design parameters for a slim room air-conditioner. These design parameters included a fan shape, a front panel, a scroll shape, a bell mouth, a distance between a fan and a heat exchanger, etc. Each design parameter was analyzed numerically and/or experimentally in terms of the flow rate and the sound pressure level, which should be the most influential factors for developing the slim room air-conditioner. The fan with a uniform height showed a better performance than that with a linearly varying height. It is recommended to use a front grill rather than a front panel according to sound pressure levels since the front panel itself is a huge resistance to the inlet flow. A redesigned scroll shape by changing the rotational direction of a fan also contributed a lot to lowering the sound pressure level. There existed a distance between a fan and a heat exchanger, where flow rates increased effectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

This study examined the concentration of combustion gases while considering low ventilation and respiration frequency. A one-quarter-size ISO 9705 room corner test was performed. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and oxygen were measured in each case with the continuous inhalation of combustion gas with low ventilation (2, 6, and 10 LPM) and different respiration frequencies (2 s, 5 s, and infinity). The combustion of a gasoline pool fire in the compartment had a theoretical heat release rate of 5.34 kW. The results show that the deviation of the gas concentrations becomes higher as the low ventilation increases compared to the respiration frequency. In addition, as the respiration frequency increases, the variation in the minimum oxygen concentration is larger than the average value, while in the case of carbon monoxide, the variation in the average value is larger than the maximum value. These results show that the inhalation characteristics of refugees should be considered to investigate fires.