• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

Pile load tests were carried out to investigate the contribution of the pile cap to the carrying capacity of a pile group and load transfer characteristics of piles in the group. A group of 24 piles$(4 \times6 array)$ of 92.5mm diameter steel pipe were installed to the depth of 3m fron the ground surface, the top of weathered rock. A maximum load of 320ton was applied to the pile cap, $1.5\times2.3m$, in contact with the ground surface. At the maximum load of 320ton, the pile cap has carried 22% of the total load. Average ultimate capacity of pile in the pile group was estimated to be 16.4ton, substantially higher than that of single pile, installed at the corner and tested before pile cap construction. For the same magnitude of settlement, the pile in the center carried less load than the pile at the perimeter due to strain superposition effect. Piles in the group showed almost constant contribution(approx. 60%) of side friction to the total capacity for all of the loading stages, while that of single pile decreased from 82% to 65%.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2008

왜 자판기 커피가 못 마실 음료처럼 비난을 받아야 하죠? 일부 미니 커피자판기에 사용된 원료 문제를 마치 전체 자판기 문제인 냥 떠들어 때는 매스컴이 정말 원망스럽습니다. -자판기 운영업자 K씨- A급 원료를 쓰고 있는데도 불구하고 마치 죄인 마냥 '멜라민 커피프림을 쓰지 않는다'는 해명문구를 써서 부쳐야 하니 정말 열불이 나더군요." -자판기 운영업자 P씨- 올 가을은 그야말로 중국산 멜라민 파동이 식품 업계 전반이 휘몰아친 한해였다. 해태제과의 '미사랑 카스타드'로 불붙은 멜라민 파동은 제작 전반을 걸쳐 자판기 커피프림 분야로도 불똥이 튀었다. 식품의약품안전청은 중국산 커피프림 원료를 수입하는 3개 업체의 10개 제품을 조사한 결과, 유창FC의 '베지터블 크림 파우더 F25에서 멜라민 1.5ppm이 나왔다'고 밝혔다. 이 크림은 41톤이 수입되어 25톤이 시중에 팔려나갔으며, 주로 자동판매기용 믹스커피나 커피전문점에 사용한 것으로 보도가 되어 일파만파로 파문이 확산되었다. 대부분의 매스컴 보도는 '자판기 커피프림에 멜라민이 들어갔고, 그래서 마셔서는 안 된다'는 식으로 과당보도가 되다 보니 소비자들의 분노의 불신이 걷잡을 수 없이 커졌다. 이에 자판기 커피 매출을 뚝 떨어 졌고, 그 동안 애용했던 자판기 커피에 등을 돌리는 사람들이 많아 졌다. 마치 자판기 커피가 식품안전을 위협하는 원흉이나 되는 듯한 분위기였다. 그런데 이런 뜻하지 않은 악재가 자판기 업계로 보면 억울하기 그지없는 일이다. 이번에 문제가 된 것은 식당 등에 설치된 '미니 커피자판기' 일부에 해당되는데도 불구하고 매스컴 보도는 전체 자판기가 문제가 된다는 식이었다. 대다수의 매스컴이 미니 커피자판기와 대형 커피자판기를 구분하는 개념도 없다보니 문제가 없는 대형 자판기를 불똥이 튈 수밖에 없었다. 또한 미니 커피자판기에서 그런 원료가 투출되기 쉬운 열악한 사업특성에 대해서도 언급을 하지 않았다. 일부분의 문제를 '침소봉대'하여 전체의 문제인 것처럼 보도하는 매스컴의 무책임한 태도가 가뜩이나 어려운 자판기 산업계에 직격탄을 날렸다. 대다수의 자판기, 특히 대형자판기들은 억울하기 그지없는 일이다. 이번 커피자판기 멜라민 사태를 통해 과연 매스컴 보도가 무엇이 잘못되었고, 산업계에 어떠한 과제를 내던졌는지를 심층 진단했다.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

Compressive axial behavior of the variable cross-section soft ground reinforced foundation is investigated from the field load test results at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ construction site in Incheon city. Variable cross-section soft ground reinforced foundation is a type of partial-displacement pile formed by mixing bidding material with in situ soils to obtain a rigid and strong variable cross-section column in a relatively soft ground. The foundations are usually constructed as a group; however in this study, only single foundation was installed and tested under compressive axial load on foundation head. For the comparison of the variable cross-section soft ground reinforced foundation axial behavior, behavior of typical Pretensioned spun high strength concrete (PHC) pile constructed on a relatively soft ground near the surface was analyzed. It was concluded that variable cross-section soft ground reinforced foundation efficiently resists against axial load with sufficient stiffness and strength within a considerable range of axial load magnitude.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1978

Five districts; Su-weon, An-seong, Ok-cheon, Jin-ju and Je-ju, were chosen and growth characteristics of Glyclns soja in fifteen places were studied. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. Growth state was good on the levee of the brook where the soil was wet and fertile. 2. They showed high significant correlation (r=0.76**) between grain yield and phosphate content of the soil, an d also showed positive correlation (r=0.63*) between grain yield and soil pH. 3. Nitrogen content of the plant was high as Glycine soja growed well. 4. Shoot growth and leaf development curve showed similar pattern and the root noddle was prosperous in the middle stage while shoot growth was well in the late stage. 5. Glycine soja was expexted as a hopeful forage ceop, as it grow swell, easy to harvest seeds and nutritional value is high.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.39-50
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the thermal behavior of a PHC energy pi1e system in saturated soil conditions, various seasonal and flow-speed conditions during 100 hours of operation through numerical analysis. The examination was a1so conducted with a single pile as well as with group pils. For the operation of 100 hours, the average heat exchange rate appeared 55 W/m, 47 W/m during winter and summer respectively. An increase in flow-speed was associated with a rise in the heat exchange rate. And thermal behavior analysis results during winter season show that thermal efficiency has increased when there are more free thermal planes. For the operation in group pile as 3D and 5D pile spacing (D: pile diameter), average heat exchange rate increased as pile spacing grows. Compared with the heat exchange rate of single pile, thermal exchange efficiency of group pile decreased by 89% (for 3D spacing) and 93% (for 5D spacing).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1204-1209
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• 2001

As a basic study to find bioactive principles for the hypolipidemic effect from natural sources, various biological influences of MeOH extracts of Thuja accidentalis L. and Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis Nakai on rats were examined. The concentrates obtained from the organic layer and aqueous layer fractions of each species were orally administered to rats and then their effect on the body weight, organ weight, serum lipids profile, and blood glucose concentration were examined. Among the samples tested, the organic layer of Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis exhibited the possibility of the hypolipidemic effects. The corresponding layer was chromatographed to give three fractions and reexamined their effects on rats. The results demonstrated that the fraction corresponding for the R$_{f}$ 0.4~0.7 which was the mixture of many minor components showed the effect of lowering the blood-lipid bevel effectively without any side effects. Besides, communic acid, identified from and isolated as a major component of the species exhibited the possibe hypolipidemic effects.s.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.5-17
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• 2013

This study investigates the effect of thermal stress on axial load and pile settlement of PHC energy piles. A series of numerical analyses were performed by controlling major influencing parameters such as pile arrangement, pile spacing, end-bearing condition, soil condition and pile cap stiffness. It is found that the characteristics of pile-load transfer are significantly affected by seasonal operation mode (i.e., cooling and heating) throughout the year. Also, the axial load under thermal loading increases with increasing the pile spacing. The settlement of the pile in sand is larger than that in clay because of the thermal stress generated. It is also found that thermal stress highly influences on the end-bearing pile, corner pile and rigidity of pile cap.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

Piled raft is known to be an unfavorable foundation type in soft clay because foundation is associated with both excessive settlement and bearing capacity failure problems. Despite these reasons, in recent decades, an increasing number of structures have been constructed over soft clay area, piled raft concepts arouse interest as the foundation of structures on soft clay area becomes popular. This study described 3 dimensional behavior of piled raft on soft clay based on a numerical study using 3D finite element method. A series of numerical analyses were performed for a various pile lengths and the pile configurations on the raft were subjected to vertical uniform or point loading. Based on the results of the parametric study, comparisons were made among the effect of loading type, various pile length and configurations, and the load-settlement behavior and load sharing characteristics of piled raft were also evaluated. From the results, the characteristic of piled raft on soft clay was examined.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2008

More recently, the massive marine bridges in a ship passage have been constructed on the sea. Therefore, the ship impact protection for the bridge-piers are installed to consider the possibility of vessel collision danger. Due to the ship impact protection, the pier-scour characteristics are changed in comparison with the condition without the ship impact protection (SIP). In this study, the physical modeling for the Incheon Sea-Crossing Bridge was performed to analyze the pier-scour characteristics with respect to the vessel collision protection. The rigid and movable bed tests were conducted to evaluate the flow pattern, scour depth, and scourhole with and without the ship impact protection. The experimental results for the maximum scour depth is increased 0.24 m in W1 pier at the same location and 2.4 m in W2+3+4 piers due to the SIP installation. Especially, the maximum scour depth in W2+3+4 piers was occurred around the SIP.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2004

Granular compaction piles have the load bearing capacity of the soft ground increase and have the settlement of foundation built on the reinforced soil reduce. The granular compaction group piles also have the consolidation of the soft ground accelerate and have the liquefaction caused by earthquake prevent using the granular materials such as sand, gravel, stone etc. However, this method is one of unuseful methods in Korea. The Granular compaction piles are constructed by grouping it with a raft system. The confining pressure at the center of bulging failure depth is a major variable in relation to estimate for the ultimate bearing capacity of the granular compaction piles. Therefore, a share of loading is determined considering the effect of load concentration ratio between the granular compaction piles and surrounding soils, and varies the magnitude of the confining pressure. In this study, method for the determination of the ultimate bearing capacity is proposed to apply a change of the horizontal pressure considering bulging failure depth, surcharge and loaded area. Also, the ultimate bearing capacity of the granular compaction piles is evaluated on the basis of previous study on the estimation of the ultimate bearing capacity and compared with the results obtained from laboratory scale model tests. And using the result from laboratory model tests, it is studied increase effect of the bearing capacity on the granular compaction piles and variance of coefficient of consolidation for the ground.