• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2007

User interface has been regarded as a crucial issue to increase the acceptance of mobile services. In special, even though to what extent the machine as speaker communicates with human as listener in a timely and polite manner is important, fundamental studies to come up with these issues have been very rare. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology of estimating politeness level in a certain context-aware setting and then to design a context-aware system for polite mobile interface. We will focus on Korean language for the polite level estimation simply because the polite interface would highly depend on cultural and linguistic characteristics. Nested Minkowski aggregation model, which amends Minkowski aggregation model, is adopted as a privacy-preserving similarity evaluation for case retrieval under distributed computing environment such as ubiquitous computing environment. To show the feasibility of the methodology proposed in this paper, simulation-based experiment with drama cases has performed to show the performance of the methodology proposed in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.4 s.71
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• pp.463-470
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• 2004

In this study, the bearing pressure distribution and design method of rectangular steel tubular column base plates under concentric loading were investigated. In general, the size and thickness of the baseplate are determined with the assumption that the bearing pressure of the column baseplate is uniformly distributed. When the column is loaded lightly, however, the size of the baseplate becomes smaller, the thickness becomes thinner and the bearing pressure of the baseplate is not distributed evenly. In this study, the distribution of the bearing pressure was investigated using the experimental and analytical methods. Four test specimens of the rectangular steel column baseplate were fabricated and tested. The analysis of the specimens was done using the finite element analysis program ANSYS. The result was that it was appropriate to use the effective width method to design the lightly loaded column baseplate, because the bearing pressure was not distributed evenly and was only concentrated under the column section.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2008

In the case of RC beams simply supported, there is arch action that the length of internal lever arm varies through span. Recently the shear analysis model which considers this arch action has been developed, but this analysis model is only applicable to RC beams subjected to concentrated load. In this study, therefore, the fundamental relationship between internal lever arm length and applied moment is developed with considering general load such as uniformly distributed load. The shear compatibility condition is also derived, which is also applicable to RC beams subjected to uniformly distributed load. From the analysis results of RC beams, the variation of shear strains through span could be expected by the proposed analysis model. The magnitude of shear strains expected from analysis is so relatively small that the effect of shear force due to arch action should be considered on analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.901-907
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• 2013

In this study, flexural strength properties of concrete under biaxial stress state were experimentally investigated. Tests for size effect and fatigue behaviour of concrete under biaxial stress were carried out by the ASTM C 1550 and the biaxial flexure test(BFT). The results given by the biaxial tests were compared to those by the third-point bending test. Test results showed that biaxial flexural strengths obtained from the ASTM C 1550 and the biaxial flexure test are greater than the strength by the third-point bending test. As the size increases, the uniaxial and biaxial flexural strength decreases. However, the slope of the size effect of the biaxial strength was greater than that of the uniaxial strength. Finally, the fatigue response of concrete under the biaxial stress state was similar with that for uniaxial stress state.

• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.585-604
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate understanding of meanings of division, quotitive division and partitive division, by the third graders and preservice elementary teachers. To do this, we analysed and compared mathematics textbooks according to 9 mathematics curricula, gathered information about their understanding by questionnaire method targeting 5 third graders and 36 preservice elementary teachers, and analysed their responses in relation to recognition of division-based situations, solution using visual representations, and awareness of quotitive division and partitive division. In Korea, meanings of division have been taught in grade 2 or 3 in various ways according to curricula. In particular, the mathematics textbook of present curriculum shows a couple of radical changes in relation to introduction of division. We raised the necessity of reexamination of these changes, based on our results from questionnaire analysis that show lack of understanding about two meanings of division by the preservice elementary teachers as well as the third graders. And we also induced several didactical implications for teaching meanings of division.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.522-522
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• 2023

지하수 시스템의 방출은 저지대 강에서 건조기에 흐르는 하천 유지유량의 원천이 된다. 수자원 분야에서 분포형 모형이 도입되며 수문 분석의 고도화가 이루어지고 있는 오늘날에도, 아직 대수층 깊이 등 지하수관련 매개변수에 대한 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구는 분포형 모형의 지하수 관련 매개변수 중 지형자료에 해당하는 대수층 깊이의 물리적인 분포형태를 예측하고, 지하수 모의결과를 검토하여 해당 기법의 적용성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 북측의 미계측 유역을 포함한 소양강 유역을 연구대상 지역으로 설정하였고, 정밀한 분포형 모형인 GSSHA(Gridded Surface Hydrologic Analysis)를 활용하였다. 대수층 깊이 추정 방법은 크게 세가지 시나리오로 구분하여 모의를 진행하였다. 유역의 지하수 데이터를 통해 도출된 대수층깊이 등분포(시나리오1), 지표 고도와 대수층 깊이의 선형 반비례 관계를 가정한 선형 회귀식(시나리오2), 동일한 가정을 두고 Log차원에서 회귀식을 적용한 경우(시나리오 3). 위 3가지 시나리오를 통해 산정된 유출량과, 지하수 수위 등을 소양강댐 유입량 자료 및 유역 내 6개 지하수 관측소를 대상으로 결과를 비교하여 적용성을 확인하였다. 시나리오별 유출량 모의 오차평가 결과, 관측 첨두 유량을 가장 잘 반영하고 있는 기법은 일반적으로 선행 연구에서 많이 활용하고 있는 등분포형 기법으로 분석되었으며, 과소·과대 모의된 정도를 나타내는 지표와 모형의 효율성을 나타내는 지표는 선형 회귀분석 기법이 가장 우수한 결과로 분석되었다. 따라서, 대수층 깊이를 등분포하여 모의하던 기존 방식에 비해 지면고도-대수층깊이 간의 반비례 관계를 적용하는 방식이 지하수 모의에 있어서 보다 합리적일 것으로 판단된다. 향후 임의의 인자와 대수층 깊이간의 정밀한 회귀관계를 도출한다면 더욱 합리적이고 신뢰성 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있을것으로 기대된다. 또한 유역 단위의 지하수 모의가 정밀하게 이루어진다면 최근 많은 관심이 집중되는 하천 유지유량과 건기 유출 등의 연구 분야에도 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1213-1224
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• 2011

In high dimensionality where the number of variables are excessively larger than observations, it is required to remove the noninformative variables to cluster observations. Most model-based approaches for variable selection have been considered under the assumption of homoscedasticity and their models are mainly estimated by a penalized likelihood method. In this paper, a different approach is proposed to remove the noninformative variables effectively and to cluster based on the modified normal mixture model simultaneously. The validity of the model was provided and an EM algorithm was derived to estimate the parameters. Simulation studies and an experiment using real microarray dataset showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 1997

The Equivalent vehicle load factors of Beams and Girders on parking garage structure are proposed in this study. Without taking the sophisticated numerical analysis for the concentrated wheel loads, the design member forces of beam and girder can be easily calculated only with those for the distributed load by using the constructed relationships between the equivalent vehicle load factor and the length of member. Besides, the standard vehicle with total weight of 2.4ton is designed based on the review of many foreign design codes for parking garage and the investigation of small to medium vehicles made in Korea. Finally the efficiency and the reliability of the proposed equivalent vehicle load factors are demonstrated through the application of the typical beam and girder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.168-173
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• 1997

시선의 추출을 통해 사용자의 관심 방향을 알고자하는 연구는 여러 분야에 응용될 수 있는데, 대표적인 것이 장애인의 컴퓨터 이용이나, 다중 윈도우에서 마우스의 기능 대용 및, VR에서의 위치 추적 장비의 대용 그리고 원격 회의 시스템에서의 view controlling등이다. 기존의 대부분의 연구들에서는 얼굴의 입력된 동영상으로부터 얼굴의 3차원 움직임량(rotation, translation)을 구하는데 중점을 두고 있으나 [1][2], 모니터, 카메라, 얼굴 좌표계간의 복잡한 변환 과정때문에 이를 바탕으로 사용자의 응시 위치를 파악하고자하는 연구는 거으 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일반 사무실 환경에서 입력된 얼굴 동영상으로부터 얼굴 영역 및 얼굴내의 눈, 코, 입 영역 등을 추출함으로써 모니터의 일정 영역을 응시하는 순간 변화된 특징점들의 위치 및 특징점들이 형성하는 기하학적 모양의 변화를 바탕으로 응시 위치를 계산하였다. 이때 앞의 세 좌표계간의 복잡한 변환 관계를 해결하기 위하여, 신경망 구조(다층 퍼셉트론)을 이용하였다. 신경망의 학습 과정을 위해서는 모니터 화면을 15영역(가로 5등분, 세로 3등분)으로 분할하여 각 영역의 중심점을 응시할 때 추출된 특징점들을 사용하였다. 이때 학습된 15개의 응시 위치이외에 또 다른 응시 영역에 대한 출력값을 얻기 위해, 출력 함수로 연속적이고 미분가능한 함수(linear output function)를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 신경망을 이용한 응시위치 파악 결과가 선형 보간법[3]을 사용한 결과보다 정확한 성능을 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-385
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• 1999

For the growth curve model with arbitrary covariance structure, known as unstructured covariance matrix, the problems of detecting outliers are discussed in this paper. In order to detect outliers in the growth curve model, the likelihood ratio testing statistics in mean shift model is established and its distribution is derived. After we detected outliers in growth curve model, we test homo and/or hetero-geneous covariance matrices using PSR Quasi-Bayes Criterion. For illustration, one numerical example is discussed, which compares between before and after outlier deleting.