• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.495-505
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• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program on the cognition, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior of elderly with dementia. The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental study where 43 subjects were divided into two groups. Aromatherapy and foot reflex massage was administered to the experimental group (N=21), and no treatment was administered to the control group (N=22). The data was analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, while the repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized with the SPSS/Win 18.0 program. The experimental group did not show significant differences in cognitive function; however, it showed significant differences in anxiety, aggressive behavior, and wandering behavior in relation to the control group. Thus this research suggests aromatherapy and a foot reflex massage program as nursing intervention to improve the quality of life of elderly with dementia.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.57-77
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• 2016

This paper analysis spatial correlation applying commercial activating factor and categories clusters among have homogeneity in garosu street which are rising commercial issue in residential district. Based on this research we can draw several implications. Firstly, Garosu street are forming unique space around fassion feature like clothes and food and Beverage stores are supporting main functions. secondly, in terms of utilization of semi-public space in individual buildings, main Street are using display goods and put product.Also restaurants and cafes are using public space as terrace seats. These results mean principal road emphasizes displaying and passing but inner road emphasizes taking a break and staying. Third, repetitive action between high rising vacancy and new building cause negative effects city decline and lossing identity. So residents and merchants should cooperate and make communities for sustainable district.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.339-344
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate how 65 years old and older men's regular exercise can affect their lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM using meta-analysis of the related data from 8 literatures and 35 case studies which were published from 2002to 2012. The subjects with no regular exercise experience were selected for the analysis regarding the homogeneity of the background characteristics of elderly subjects. In addition, the exercise treatment was about 60 minutes per exercise three times a week for 12 to 24 weeks. Exercise intensity was a moderate aerobic exercise that the subject could endure. Regular exercise of the elderly had a mean effect size of 0.523 after the exercise. This means that immune variables before exercise increase by about 20% after regular exercise. Since regular exercise by the elderly activates the immune system, it has a beneficial effect on health.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.291-299
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• 2019

This study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest designed to understand the effect of ethical dilemma discussion program on human rights sensitivity and ethical values of university students. By providing ethical dilemma discussion program to university students in C university, G-do, the effectiveness was verified. Analyzed using IBM SPSS 24.0. The normality of the variables was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. Homogeneity was verified using real number and percentage, Fisher's exact probability test and independent t-test. The program's effect was verified using paired t-test. The results of this study are as follows: after the ethical dilemma discussion program, the experimental group's human rights sensitivity(t=-2.32, p=.025), and ethical value(t=-2.43, p=.020) were higher than the control group. Therefore, the ethical dilemma discussion program of this study helped improve the human rights susceptibility and ethical values of the subjects. Further research is needed to verify the effects of ethics education on diverse groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.403-407
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• 2006

This research aims to reduce severe damages to human beings and properties from floods that ravage Korea every year, by estimating right time to hydraulic structures based on the characteristics of variations in flood flows. To establish this permanent means for the flood mitigation, this research analyse design floods of various dams and hydraulic structures in connection with time of occurrence of the weather abnormalities in Korea. This research was derived the optimal regionalization of the precipitation data which can be classified by the climatologically and geographically homogeneous regions in Korea. Using the L-moment ratios and Kolmogorov-Smimov test, the underlying regional probability distribution was identified to be the GEV distribution among applied distributions. The regional and at-site analyses using L-moment for the design rainfall were tested by Monte Carlo simulation. Error tests were computed and compared with those resulting from at-site Monte Carlo simulation. Consequently, optimal design rainfalls following the regions and consecutive durations were derived by the regional frequency analysis.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data needed in analyzing customer needs and understanding products in developing designs, to help designers to have better understanding of digital camera products, and to support the setting of concepts in developing designs, by understanding the specific properties of products that have specific purposes. In this study, homogeneity analysis was performed to the collected products launched from 2000 until now and representative products were selected to extract the questions on the adjectives and preferences felt form such products. Based on the questions, basic questionnaire survey and subject image analysis was performed in relation to the elements of images preferred by customers through the regression analysis of dependent variables and preferences and the regression analysis of purchasing power. When we design for digital camera, we must consider about the elements of digital cameras and the terms convenient, sensitive, functional, and grace. In terms of whole trend of shape, the shape highlighting grips and the digital cameras having grips, large LCD, dark colors, and manual buttons were preferred.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.645-655
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• 2010

In this study, occurrences of relative probabilistic changing points between Chukwooki rainfall data (CWK) and modern rain gage data (MRG) were analyzed using Barry and Hartigan (BH) Bayesian changing points estimation method which estimated the changing points by calculation of change probabilities at each point. Since any natural phenomenon cannot be simulated identically and perfectly, a statistical method which can not consider the sequential order has its limitation on prediction of a specific time of occurrence. In this respect, Homogeneity analysis between CWK and MRG was performed through the occurrence investigation of relative probabilistic changing points for four rainfall characteristics of data sets using BH bayesian model which estimate the change point by calculating the relative probabilities in each data points. The results show that statistical characteristics of CWK are not different significantly from MRG, even though considered that there may be little quantitative difference CWK and MRG caused from limitation of measurement accuracy of CWK.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2011

이 연구는 중학교 과학 수업의 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습에 대한 효과를 검증해 보고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습과 관련된 문헌 고찰을 통해 연구의 수행에 필요한 이론적 기반을 마련하였다. 중학교 1학년 과학 내용 중에서 연구 단원을 선정하여 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습 모형을 제시하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 김포시에 위치한 'K'중학교 1학년 학생들 중에서 사전 학업성취도 검사와 학습태도 검사에 의해 동질집단으로 확인된 2개 학습 79명이다. 연구대상 중 1개 학습 40명을 실험대상으로 선정하여 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습의 실험을 실시하고 통제집단에는 기존의 면대면 협동학습을 실시하였으며 실험이 끝난 후 두 집단의 학업성취도 및 학습태도 변화 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 분석은 SPSS Ver.12.0을 이용하였으며 학업성취도는 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA)을 하였고, 학습태도는 독립표본 t검정을 통해 분석하였다. 분석한 연구의 결과 첫째, 중학교 과학 수업에서 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습은 면대면 협동학습과 학업성취도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습 실험집단이 면대면 협동학습 통제집단보다 학업성취도의 하위 영역 중 기억 영역에 그 효과성이 두드러짐을 확인하였다. 둘째, 중학교 과학 수업에서 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습은 면대면 협동학습과 학습태도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 연구 결과를 토대로 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습은 첫째, 학습자들로 하여금 자료 수집, 분석, 정리 단계에서 정보의 공유를 통해 적극적으로 학습을 유도하였다고 예측할 수 있다. 이는 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습이 면대면 협동학습보다 학업성취도 향상에 효과적인 교수학습 방안으로 제시될 수 있음을 의미한다. 둘째, 중학교 과학수업에서 온 오프라인 혼합 협동학습은 학습자의 학습태도에 효과적이라고 확신할 수 없다. 따라서 학습자의 교과에 대한 학습태도의 향상을 위해서는 교수 학습방법을 다각화하고 교과와 학습목표에 맞는 적절한 학습방법의 지속적 활용이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2020

This study focuses on the raw material characteristics, including firing temperature and the similarity of clay body, and making techniques on the underwater ceramics from offshore of Taean Mado, the Republic of Korea. The ceramic specimens include various types of celadons, Buncheongwares and white porcelains with very similar physical characteristics. All the clay bodies composed of same mineral phases within mullite and quartz, while cristobalite were also found in some white porcelains. Also, the geochemical composition of the clay body shows regular behavior properties for all the elements consisting of the celadons and Buncheongwares. In contrast, the irregular properties of trace and incompatible elements were found in white porcelains. Therefore, it is presumed that the white porcelains were made using the clay body with different source from the celadons and Buncheongwares. Notably, some white porcelains in low Th content are assumed to be made with clay formed in a different environments. Meanwhile, most of the ceramics had gone through the firing of 1,200 to 1,300℃, with some celadons fired from 1,150℃ to 1,200℃. Also, it can be interpreted as some white porcelains were fired on even up to 1,500℃.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.328-333
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• 2007

Genetic diversity and population structure of eleven Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae) populations in Korea were determined using genetic variation at 20 allozyme loci. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 55.9%. Genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high(Hes = 0.178; Hep = 0.168, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ($G_{ST}$ = 0.064). $F_{IS}$, a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 11 populations, was 0.311. Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) varied between 0.0 and 0.535, giving an average over all polymorphic loci of 0.323. The interlocus variation in within population genetic diversity ($H_S$) was high (0.305). An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm = 3.66) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a substantial heterozygosity deficiency in some populations and at some loci. Mean genetic identity between populations was 0.988. It is highly probable that directional toward genetic uniformity in a relatively the homogenous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean populations of L. platyphylla.