• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.8-18
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• 2007

In this paper, a 4bit cell way structure of PoRAM and the sensing method to drive this structure are researched. PoRAM has a different operation from existing SRAM and DRAM. The operation is that when certain voltage is applied between top electrode and bottom electrode of PoRAM device we can classify the cell state by measuring cell current which is made by changing resistance of the cell. In the decoder selected by new-addressing method in the cell array, the row decoder is selected "High" and the column decoder is selected "Low" then certain current will flow to the bit-line. Because this current is detect, in order to make large enough current, the voltage sense amplifier is used. In this case, usually, 1-stage differential amplifier using current mirror is used. Furthermore, the detected value at the cell is current, so a diode connected NMOSFET, that is, a device resistor is used at the input port of the differential amplifier to converter current into voltage. Using this differential amplifier, we can classify the cell states, erase mode is "Low" and write mode is "High", by comparing the input value, Vin, that is a product of current value multiplied by resistor value with a reference voltage, Vref.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

This paper has designed and realized educational ZigBee equipment befitting to the USN environment. In addition, this study has enabled users to exercise operation process for software technology education and to propose software design methods in the process in the USN environment through practice equipment for ZigBee education. As for the development environment of system, Atmega128 process of Atmel is used for CPU; AVR compiler for the debugging environment; C language for firmware development language; and C++ for application program. The system operation process is initiated by coordinator's sensing information reading order from the hyper terminal through a server through the Internet or directly connected; and then delivering it to a terminating device by using ZigBee technology. The terminating device delivers various sensing information to the coordinator which delivers it to a server through the Internet or to a HYPER terminal directly connected to the coordinator. As for the educational course, it is about practices on such ZigBee operation process and relevant programing skills. Regarding it, the communication between coordinator and terminating device is designed by utilizing physical layer of ZigBee protocol, MAC layer and network layer while the communication between server and coordinator is designed by proposing an independent protocol on TCP/IP socket and the protocol processing procedure during sensing data delivery is verified by interpretation.

• TTA Journal
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• s.97
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

u-Korea 실현을 위한 초석으로 사회 여러 분야에서 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(USN)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 향후 USN 기술은 가정, 물류/유통, 교통, 행정, 보건, 복지, 그리고 환경 등의 다양한 분야에 적용될 것이고, 다가올 미래 사회의 기반 인프라로 자리 잡게 될 것이다. USN이 구축된 사회에서는 모든 사물의 지능화로 자율적으로 주변 환경을 센싱하여 주변 상황을 인식하고 이들을 제어 하는 정보 환경이 형성된다. 본 고에서는 USN 구축을 위한 임베디드 S/W 기술중 가장 기본이 되는 센서 노드의 운영체제 기술 개발 동향과 운영체제가 동작하게 되는 플랫폼인 센서 노드 하드웨어에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.440-446
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• 2007

현재 대부분의 모바일 장치들엔 디지털 카메라가 설치되어 있으며 거대한 양의 이미지 데이터들을 저장할 수 있다. 이렇게 많은 양의 이미지가 저장되어 있을 경우 장치 속의 이미지들에 대한 브라우징을 하기 어려워지며, 그에 걸리는 시간도 증가하게 된다. 특히 모바일 장치의 경우 화면의 크기가 작으며, 일반 컴퓨터와 비교하여 부자연스럽고, 불편한 인터페이스를 갖고 있어 어려움을 더욱 증가 시킨다. 우리는 이를 해결하기 위해 3차원 가시화 방법과 모션 센싱을 이용한 인터페이스를 제안하고, 제안된 가시화 방법과 인터페이스의 조합을 통해 모바일 장치에서의 효과적인 이미지 브라우징 방법을 모색해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2012

최근 노트북 및 UPS, 그리고 전기자동차에 이르기까지 배터리를 사용하는 분야에서 에너지 밀도가 높은 리튬이온 배터리가 주로 사용된다. 이러한 리튬 이온 배터리의 안전성을 보장하고 배터리 수명을 늘리기 위해서는 각 셀 간의 전하 균일이 필요하며 여러 전하 균일 회로가 연구되었다. 이중 자기소자가 없이 능동 전하 균일을 이룰 수 있는 스위치드 커패시터 방식은 가장 간단하고 작은 부피로 제작이 가능하며, 셀 전압 센싱 없이 자동적으로 전하 균일을 이룰 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 전하 균일 속도가 셀 수가 증가 할수록 현저하게 느려지는 단점을 보인다. 제안하는 셀 전하 균일회로는 체인구조의 스위치드 커패시터 회로를 통하여 셀 간의 전하 균일 속도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 회로의 동작원리를 설명하고 실험을 통해 제안된 회로의 뛰어난 전하 균일 성능을 검증한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.738-743
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• 2007

In this paper, a muscle motion sensing system and an artificial arm control system are studied. The artificial arm is for the people who lost one's forearm. The muscle motion sensing system detect the intention of motion from the upper arm's muscle. In sensing system we use flex sensors which is electrical resistance type sensor. The sensor is attached on the biceps brachii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle of the upper arm. We propose an algorithm to classify the one's intention of motions from the sensor signal. Using this algorithm, we extract the 4 motions which are flexion and extension of the forearm, pronation and supination of the arm. To verify the validity of the proposed algorithms we made experiments with two d.o.f. artificial arm. To reduce the control errors of the artificial arm we also proposed a fuzzy PID control algorithm which based on the errors and error rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a scheme that tunes the backoff period for enhancing the system throughput with estimating the number of devices in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks. Since each device does not sense the channel always in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator is used to estimate the number of active devices. The PAN coordinator broadcasts an optimal backoff period for the estimated number of devices through a beacon frame. In order to estimate the number of devices in run time, a simple moving average filter is utilized. We show the performance of our proposed scheme in terms of the estimated number of devices and the system throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can obtain higher system throughput than the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

In this study, Ag-functionalized SnO₂ nanowires are presented for NO₂ gas sensitive sensors at low temperatures (50℃). SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized using vapor-liquid-solid method, and Ag metal particles were functionalized on the surface of SnO₂ nanowires using flame chemical vapor deposition method. As a result of the sensing test about Ag-functionalized SnO₂ nanowires based sensor, the response (R_g/R_a) to 10 ppm NO₂ was 1.252 at 50℃. We believe that metal-functionalizing is a one of good way to increase the feasibility about semiconductor gas sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.435-440
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• 2007

Wireless sensor networks are sensing, computing, and communication infrastructures that allow us to sense events in the harsh environment. The networks consist of many deployed sensor nodes. Each sensor node senses and transmits the sensed data to the administrator or base station of the networks. The sensor nodes are generally remotely-deployed, and therefore, software update must be done at run-time via communication channel. The software code update protocol should be energy-efficient to maximize lifetime of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we present a MCUP, which is a multi-level code update protocol for resource-constrained sensor nodes. MCUP enables energy-efficient code update by supporting multi-level code management. Our simulation results show that MCUP can reduce energy consumption compared with the existing one-level code update schemes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1905-1913
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• 2006

The researches about the hardware and the software implementing ubiquitous sensor network have great rush in recent years. This paper deals the development of a sensor node with the dual interface which also has an RF wireless interface while has an Bluetooth interface used widely in present. This sensor node includes a Atmeg32 microcontroller, a Bluetooth module, a RF module. a temperature-humidity sensor. and I also develop the F/Ws controlling each modules with C language using GCC compiler. The sensor node developed can reaches 15m with Bluetooth interface and 60m with RF interface. It works stably with the voltage above 5V and it consumes currents 21mA average in idle mode, 63mA average in active mode.