• Title/Summary/Keyword: 동물성아교

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Discoloration Effects of LEDs on Painting Binder Materials (LED광원에 의한 회화 전색제의 변색 영향 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Won;Lee, Yu Jung;Kim, Kyu Lin;Lee, Hwa Soo;Kang, Dai Ill
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 2018
  • In order to understand the influence of light artifact discoloration, priority must be given to the reaction characteristics of the light the materials constituting the product. In this study, we focus on two representative medium, animal glue and linseed oil which constitute the colored layer of the painting relics. This study is based on an accelerated degradation test using two types of light emitting diods (LEDs) with different wavelength characteristics. In the experiments, discoloration appeared markedly in the animal glue and linseed oil under accelerated aging test conditions using Blue LED. Among the two types of LEDs, the degree of discoloration of the material was much higher with the Blue LED having the total radiation flux (mW). This indicates that the discoloration of painting artifacts such as animal glue and linseed oil is more significantly influenced by the total radiation flux (mW) of the light source than the total luminous flux (lm).

Investigating the Role of Microglia in Maternal Immune Activation in Rodent Models (모체 면역 활성화 유도 설치류 모델에서 미세아교세포의 역할 조사)

  • Hyunju Kim
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.429-435
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    • 2023
  • Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal infection, maternal stress, and environmental risk factors during pregnancy increase the risk of brain development abnormalities associated with cognitive impairment in the offspring and increase susceptibility to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Several animal models have demonstrated that maternal immune activation (MIA) is sufficient to induce abnormal brain development and behavioral defects in the fetus. When polyinosine:polycytodylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is commonly used in maternal immune activation animal models, was introduced into a pregnant dam, an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activity was observed in the offspring's brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells that play a mediating role in the central nervous system, and they are responsible for various functions, such as phagocytosis, synapse formation and branching, and angiogenesis. Several studies have reported that microglia are activated in MIA offspring and influence offspring behavior through interactions with various cytokines. In addition, it has been reported that they play an important role in brain circuits through interactions with neurons and astrocytes. However, there is controversy concerning whether microglia are essential to brain development or lead to behavioral defects, and the exact mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, for the potential diagnosis and treatment of brain developmental disorders, a functional study of microglia should be conducted using MIA animal models.

The Effect of Electroacupuncture on Reactive Gliosis Expressing GFAP in Rat with Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia (흰쥐 일과성 뇌허혈 시 GFAP으로 표지되는 반응성 신경아교세포증에 대한 전침의 효과)

  • Cho, Mi-Suk
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.341-352
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was carried out to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on reactive gliosis expressing GFAP in rat with transient global cerebral ischemia. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, a control group and a electroacupuncture group on ST36, LI11 and SP9 with 2 Hz and 1 mA. The rats were sacrificed on 1, 3 and 7 days after transient cerebral ischemia using ligation of left common carotid artery. After making brain slide sections, they were immunostained with GFAP antisera(1:2,500). The results were as follows: The numbers of astrocytes of electroacupuncture group were decreased than those of control group at every 1, 2 and 7 days. Especially, the numbers of astrocytes at 3 days(p<0.01) and 8 days(p<0.05) were different statistically. And astrocytes had resting, hypertrophic and moving types on cerebral cortex. The decrease of numbers of astrocytes expressing GFAP showed that electroacupuncture could localise and minimize the brain damage by transient cerebral ischemia and cause brain cell plasticity.

A Study on the Technique of Manufacturing Korean Traditional Ink Sticks (한국(韓國) 전통(傳統) 묵(墨)의 제조법(製造法)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Park, Moon-Year
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.457-477
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this experimental study is to analyze the techniques of producing the traditional Korean ink sticks, in order to restore them. The major findings are as follows: (1) Korean traditional ink is a name which people generically calls a block of ink mass made from soots and pine pitch, and it can be classified into pine-pitch ink and oil-pitch ink according to the type of soot. (2) Pine-pitch ink is made from soot of burnt pine trees, and oil-pitch ink is made from soot of burnt plant, animal or mineral oil. Both are mixed with glue made from resin, and hardened into block form. (3) Raw materials of ink include soot, glue made from resin, and spices, and the techniques of making Korean traditional inks were documented in etc. (4) The techniques of making Korean traditional inks have not been handed down, but some craftsmen in modern Korea have restored those traditional techniques.

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A Study on Painting Layer Fixative Processing of Mural Paintings of Buddhist Temples in Korea (한국 사찰벽화 채색층 고착처리제 적용 연구)

  • Lee, Haw-Soo;Han, Kyeong-Soon;Lee, Sang-Jin
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2013
  • In the past, European material and method were applied to conservation of Buddhist mural paintings in Korea. At that time, there were inadequate to selection of materials in consideration of porosity and hydrophilicity, therefore insufficiency to assessing their suitability for materials. The treatment result of mural painting are dissatisfied with consolidation of painting layer using synthetic resin. Therefore, it has experimented on applying fixative for reinforcement of painting layer on Buddhist mural painting in order to establish the effects of conservation. In relationship of binder's viscosity, adhesion and penetrating depth, adhesion increased in high-viscosity specimen whereas it decreased in low-viscosity specimen. While the binder's penetrating depths show similar patterns, the surface's response and combination adjacent to painting layer have differences. Animal glue and methyl cellulose (MC) shows excellent performance in their reaction with soil and painting layer. It is estimated that the fixative penetrates deep into soil to produce a stable fixing effect. The viscosity of polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc) and acrylic resins are low, and thus penetrates well into soil, but they adhere poorly to soil.

Inhibitory Effect of Protaetiamycine 6 on Neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 Microglia (LPS에 의해 활성화된 미세아교세포에서 흰점박이꽃무지 유래 항균 펩타이드 Protaetiamycine 6의 신경염증 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Hwa Jeong;Seo, Minchul;Baek, Minhee;Shin, Yong Pyo;Lee, Joon Ha;Kim, In-Woo;Hwang, Jae-Sam;Kim, Mi-Ae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1078-1084
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    • 2020
  • Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis is an insect belonging to the order Coleoptera. This insect is reported to contain large amounts of physiologically active substances useful for liver protective effect and improvements in blood circulation as well as a broad source of edible protein. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in a variety of species, from microorganisms to mammals, and play an important role in the innate immune systems of living things. Microglia are the main source of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system. Activated microglia secrete large amounts of neuroinflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, NO, and ROS), which are the main cause of neuronal cell death. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Protaetiamycine 6 (PKARKLQKLSAYKTTLRN-NH2), an AMP derived from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Protaetiamycine 6 significantly inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity and decreased the expression levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, Protaetiamycine 6 also reduced the production of neuroinflammatory cytokines on activated BV-2 microglia. These results suggest that Protaetiamycine 6 could be a good source of functional substance to prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Analysis of Binding Media in Dancheong Sample from Unhangak Hall of Hwaryeongjeon Shrine, Suwon (수원 화령전 운한각 단청시편의 교착제 분석)

  • Park, Jongseo;Lee, Sun Myung;Mun, Seong Woo;Kang, Yeong Seok
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.245-254
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    • 2021
  • In this study, organic materials in Dancheong specimens were analyzed to establish a Dancheong preparation method in Unhangak Hall of Hwaryeongjeon Shrine, Suwon. IR and pyrolysis/GC/MS were applied to a Zuhong specimen and a gilded one. The IR spectra showed absorption peaks corresponding to C-O, C=O, OH, although they were different from those of animal glue, Asian lacquer, and drying oil. The Pyrolysis/GC/MS after the on-line methylation revealed Asian lacquer-derived components, such as methyl 7-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)heptanoate, and drying oil-derived components, such as nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester. Based on these results, we estimated that Asian lacquer and drying oil were used in the Dancheong preparation. Small amounts of 3-methyl-1H-pyrrole were also detected, which could possibly originate from animal glue. The radiocarbon age of the specimens appeared to be between the late 17th to the early 20th century. This study potentially reports the first case of Asian lacquer detection in a Dancheong specimen in Korea.

Conservation Treatment and Structural Characteristics of a Leather Briefcase Used during the Korean War (6·25전쟁 당시 사용된 가죽가방의 보존처리와 구조적 특징)

  • Kang, Hyunsam;Jang, Hanul;Yi, Hyeonju;Gu, Jihye
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.27
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2022
  • This study conducted conservation treatment of a briefcase used by a soldier who fought in the Korean War as a member of the United Nations Forces. The zooid characteristics of its main material, leather, were analyzed in collaboration with the researchers at the National Palace Museum of Korea who have conducted relevant research. A plan for conservation treatment was established based on the results of this analysis. The briefcase was made of leather with a wooden frame. The many densely arranged tiny pores in different patterns on the leather's surface suggests calf leather. The wooden frame and leather had suffered deformation over long years of deterioration and thus required conservation treatment to enhance their structural stability. The conservation treatment began with the removal of contaminants from the exterior and interior of the briefcase. The stiffened leather was softened through humidification, and torn or separated areas were restored using cowhide glue. It is expected that the results of this conservation treatment and analysis of the leather material will serve as useful sources for basic research on leather items as well as wartime and military items.

Anti-cancer Effect of Hot Water Extract from Mycelium in Germanium-enriched Cordyceps militaris (게르마늄 농도를 증가 시킨 동충하초 균사체 열수 추출액의 항암효과)

  • Choi, Jeong Su;Heo, Ji Hye;Kim, Dae Jin;Namkung, Su Min;Lee, Tae Bok;Lee, Min Woo;Kim, Suhng Wook
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2017
  • Cordyceps militaris has been used in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Germanium compounds have also been shown to be associated with many pharmacological functions, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antimutagenic, and immunomodulating effects. In this study, we examined the biological properties of hot water extract from mycelial liquid culture of germanium-enriched C. militaris (CMGe). CMGe displayed a concentration-dependent antiproliferation activity against four human cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of CMGe was 2-4-fold lower than that of hot water extract from mycelial liquid culture in C. militaris (CM). However, CM had a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Contrastingly, CMGe did not cause any cellular damage to MSCs. MSCs cultured with CMGe displayed an increased proliferative activity with no cytotoxic effect. The oral administration of CMGe inhibited increased tumor volume and weight compared with the control group. CMGe has the potential to be used as an industrial product in medicinal foods as well as in pharmaceutical products.

Biochemical Assessment of Deer Velvet Antler Extract and its Cytotoxic Effect including Acute Oral Toxicity using an ICR Mice Model (ICR 마우스 모델을 이용한 녹용 추출물의 생화학적 평가 및 급성 경구 독성을 포함한 세포 독성 효과)

  • Ramakrishna Chilakala;Hyeon Jeong Moon;Hwan Lee;Dong-Sung Lee;Sun Hee Cheong
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.430-441
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    • 2023
  • Velvet antler is widely used as a traditional medicine, and numerous studies have demonstrated its tremendous nutritional and medicinal values including immunity-enhancing effects. This study aimed to investigate different deer velvet extracts (Sample 1: raw extract, Sample 2: dried extract, and Sample 3: freeze-dried extract) for proximate composition, uronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, sialic acid, collagen levels, and chemical components using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-light mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of the deer velvet extracts on BV2 microglia, HT22 hippocampal cells, HaCaT keratinocytes, and RAW264.7 macrophages using the cell viability MTT assay. Furthermore, we evaluated acute toxicity of the deer velvet extracts at different doses (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) administered orally to both male and female ICR mice for 14 d (five mice per group). After treatment, we evaluated general toxicity, survival rate, body weight changes, mortality, clinical signs, and necropsy findings in the experimental mice based on OECD guidelines. The results suggested that in vitro treatment with the evaluated extracts had no cytotoxic effect in HaCaT keratinocytes cells, whereas Sample-2 had a cytotoxic effect at 500 and 1000 ㎍/mL on HT22 hippocampal cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Sample 3 was also cytotoxic at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ㎍/mL to RAW264.7 and BV2 microglial cells. However, the mice treated in vivo with the velvet extracts at doses of 500-2000 mg/kg BW showed no clinical signs, mortality, or necropsy findings, indicating that the LD50 is higher than this dosage. These findings indicate that there were no toxicological abnormalities connected with the deer velvet extract treatment in mice. However, further human and animal studies are needed before sufficient safety information is available to justify its use in humans.