• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.444-446
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• 2024

한국의 육류 소비량이 늘어감에 따라 한우의 수요 및 공급도 점차 늘어가고 있다. 한우는 육질 등급(QG)과 육량 등급(YG)으로 나누어 판별되며 근내지방도, 고기 색, 지방색, 조직감, 성숙도, 도체 중량, 배최장근 단면적, 등지방두께 등 여러 항목을 고려한다. 현재는 주로 등배근을 맨눈으로 확인하는 수동 판별 방식이 사용된다. 하지만 평가사가 정확하게 판단하기 어렵고, 작업자의 부주의로 인한 육류의 오염 등 시간과 비용의 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점들을 한우 등급 판별 자동화로 해결하기 위해 한우의 등심 단면 이미지를 활용하여 등배근의 근내지방도를 산출하고 한우 등급을 자동 판별하는 알고리즘을 구현하였으며 평균 정확도는 79.2%를 달성하였다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate effects of corn silage on final fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and gene expression of Hanwoo Longissimus dorsi muscle biopsy. Twenty one steers with initial body weight of control 291.5±6.5kg, corn silage 291.7.0±17.3kg were used for 18 months of fattening period. Average daily gain of corn silage tended to increase compared to control in early fattening period(p=0.092). Feed conversion ratio of corn silage was higher than control in early fattening(p=0.005). The animals in corn silage increased A grade 23% in meat quantity than the control. Myogenic gene expression on the Longissimus dorsi biopsy were compared between corn silage and control. The level of myosin heavy chain(MHC) I, IIX mRNA were greater than the control in the whole period(p<0.05). The level of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) mRNA was greater than the corn silage(p<0.05). Inconclusion, corn silage will be possible to use as an alternative concentrate feeding system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate accurately physical characteristics of total mixed rations (TMR) by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in fattening steers. Twelve Hanwoo (Bos Taurus coreanae) steers aged 26 months were used in this trial. Steers were offered one of two total mixed ration (TMR) diets - High or Low physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content groups-that were differentiated by mixing time. The carcass traits of the experimental animals were evaluated by Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) after slaughter. Body weight gain during the experimental period was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the High group ($30.00{\pm}10.27kg$) compared with the Low group ($17.20{\pm}6.34kg$), and daily weight gain was also high in the former. Although there was no significant difference, the carcass weight was higher in the High group ($414.60{\pm}34.28kg$) compared with the Low group ($377.80{\pm}11.97kg$). However, the beef quality grade of the Low group ($1^{++}$) was higher than that of the High group ($1^+$). Increases in body weight gain, daily gain, and carcass weight for the High group were mainly influenced by a high level of dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility; consequently, back-fat thickness increased and the beef quality grade was lowered. Because growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the physical traits of the diet, we suggested that proper peNDF content is also needed for fattening steers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2023

This study was conducted to confirm the growth performance of Hanwoo steers according to the crude protein and calcium levels and their effects on carcass characteristics. The experiment consisted of a total of 4 groups: HPHC (CP 15%, Ca 1.2%), HPLC (CP 15%, Ca 0.6%), LPHC (CP 12.5%, Ca 1.2%), LPLC (CP 12.5%, Ca 0.6%). In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers (650.8±16.27 kg, n = 32, 24 months of age) were divided into four feeding groups (n = 8 each) with the same initial body weight. Animals were fed with each rice straw and concentrate (1:9) until the late fattening stage. Growth performance was measured by daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, and final weight. Carcass characteristics were measured carcass weight, loin area, back-fat thickness and marbling score. There was no significant difference in growth performance and carcass characteristics among the treatment groups. However, the ratio of meat quality grade 1⁺ or higher was 76% in LPLC, which was higher than other treatments (HPHC, 63%; HPLC, 63% and LPHC, 50%). Therefore, reducing crude protein in the feed did not affect growth and carcass characteristics. In addition, calcium control in the late fattening stage did not affect growth performance. In LPLC, the ratio of meat quality 1⁺ or higher was the highest, so additional research on calcium control in feed is thought to be necessary. However, there was no significant difference in the relationship between protein and calcium levels in feed in all study results, so the influence of the two factors on each other is thought to be low.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

Seventy two Hanwoo steers in final fattening period ($585.87{\pm}41.02kg$) were randomly assigned to 3 groups, LPLT (relatively low protein and low energy; CP 12%, TDN 73%), LPHT (relatively low protein and high energy; CP 12%, TDN 75%) and HPHT (relatively high protein and high energy; CP 14%, TDN 75%) in concentrate feed for 163 days in order to investigate the effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi muscle's chemical compositions. Rice straw was also fed as a roughage. Because ADGs were higher in LPLT and HPHT than LPHT, feed efficiencies were improved in LPLT and HPHT group (P<0.05). Feeding concentrates with different CP and TDN levels had affected to improve back fat thickness and rib eye area in HPHT group but had no effect on carcass weight and meat yield index. Carcass weight for LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were $420.75{\pm}30.56$, $417.05{\pm}32.03$ and $418.32{\pm}32.03kg$, respectively. Meat quality grade was improved in HPHT (P<0.001), because the marbling score was highest in HPHT group. Auction prices (carcass/kg) of LPLT, LPHT and HPHT group were 17,904 won, 18,094 won and 18,899 won, respectively. The percentage of animals over grade 1 appeared in LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were 79.2, 72.7 and 90.8%, respectively. The results of chemical analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle showed no difference between groups but crude fat composition tended to be higher in HPHT group (P=0.088) than the other groups. Stearic acid contents in the muscle was significantly increased in HPHT group than LPLT group (P<0.05). Myristoleic acid and oleic acid composition in HPHT group was higher than LPLT and LPHT group. These results supported the hypothesis that supplementation of higher levels of crude protein and energy in concentrates to Hanwoo steers' during final fattening period improved the growth performance and the carcass quality grade.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2011

Ninety five Hanwoo steers averaging 226kg of body weight were used to investigate the effect of dietary type on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and economical analysis in Hanwoo feeding over 22 months. Treatments were composed of commercial formula feed (formula feed), TMR and Fermented-TMR (F-TMR). Intakes of dry matter and TDN were greater in the F-TMR than the other treatments during each growing and fattening phase (p<0.05). Although daily body gain of the F-TMR was lowest during the growing phase, but was 48% greater than those of other treatment during the finishing phase (p<0.05). Feed efficiency of the F-TMR was maintained constantly during whole growing and fattening phases. Carcass weight and rib-eye area of the F-TMR were greatest (p<0.05) among treatments. However, meat yield index and the rate of grade A in meat yield were highest in the formula feed having the thinnest back fat. Marbling score was hugely (p<0.05) increased when steers fed F-TMR, and therateofgrade 1+andoverinmeatqualitywas96%intheF-TMR. Although feed cost in the F-TMR was increased by 40% compare to the formula feed, but net income was increased by 29% due to improvement of meat quality and body gain.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Twenty Hanwoo steers (average body weight=440.8±32.4kg) were used to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on growth performance, fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and carcass characteristics. The experiment was done with two treatment groups; FO-0, without fish oil and FO-3, supplemented with 3% fish oil. Total gain and average daily gain (ADG) of steers were similar between two groups. Fish oil supplementation had no effects on contents of protein, ether extract and ash in longissimus muscle. Contents of isoleucine and glycine in longissimus muscle were decreased by fish oil supplementation (p<0.05), but content of cystein was increased by fish oil supplementation (p<0.05). Fish oil supplementation decreased contents of myristic acid and eicosenoic acid in longissimus muscle (p<0.05), but increased contents of oleic acid and arachidonic acid in longissimus muscle (p<0.05). Contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in longissimus muscle were increased by fish oil supplementation p<0.05). Carcass weight, back fat thickness, rib-eye area, yield index and yield grade were similar between two groups. Meat color was improved by fish oil supplementation (p<0.05), Ratio of quality grade ‘1 or over’ increased by fish oil supplementation. Therefore, the present study indicating that fish oil supplementation had positive effects on content of oleic acids in relation to flavor of beef, contents of EPA and DHA in relation to human health and ratio of quality grade ‘1 or over’.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine effects of the feeding length of spent mushroom composts from selenium-enriched mushroom (Se-SMC) on meat quality and carcass characteristics in finishing Hanwoo steers. A total of 20 steers were used in this trial with four treatments. Treatments included control (no Se-SMC), Se-SMC groups of three different feeding lengths (2, 4, and 6 months). After the completion for each feeding length, steers were slaughtered and then loin muscle (Longissimus dorsi) was sampled to evaluate meat quality characteristics. Chemical compositions of the loin, except for protein content, were not different across treatments. Protein content was highest in 6 months feeding groups, however, it was lowest in 4 months. Physical property and meat color (L*, a* and b* values) were not affected by the feeding length of Se-SMC. However, water holding capacity (WHC) for Se-SMC feeding treatments was significantly more improved (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group, showing 63.8 (2 months), 64.4 (4 months), 64.2 (6 months), and 59.5% (control), respectively. Grades for meat quality and quantity, and carcass characteristics were not affected by feeding length of Se-SMC. Our results showed that Se-SMC supplementation was not significantly associated with parameters for meat quality and carcass characteristics. However, as feeding Se-SMC lengthens, WHC for loin was more improved, suggesting that the improved WC may result in the expression of antioxidant effect.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding effect of by-products such as ginseng loaves(GL) and stem (GS) which had about 8% of crude saponin on pork carcass and meat quality characteristics when they were fed for 40 days. The ginseng leaves and stem were added in feed and the pigs were slaughtered at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. The chilled carcass weight and trimmed fat contents were higher(86.50 kg) in the pork fed for 40 days. The yields of fore legs were higher in pork fed for 10 days(P<0.05) and there was no different in the yields of the other portion cuts such as shoulder, rib, loin, belly, hind legs and tenderlons. The incidence of percentages for grade A and B decreased as the feeding periods increased up to 40 days. The backfat thickness was lowest in carcasses from pigs fed up to 20 days(P<0.05). The L values were highest in pork fed up to 30 days(50.22) and lowest(46.91) for pork fed 10 days. The incidence of PSE pork was low in pork fed for 20 days when compared to other feeding days. Cooking loss was lowest and water holding capacity(WHC) was highest in pork fed GL and GS stem, respectively. However, the analysis for accumulation contents of saponin and functionality in pork fed GL and GS is needed in the future research.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding whole crop barley silage (WBS) on the growth performance, carcass grade, and beef quality of Hanwoo steers. Twelve Hanwoo steers (12-mon-old) were allocated into either a control (rice straw fed) or WBS (whole crop barley silage fed) group (six animals per group) and fed for 540 d until the animals reached 30-mon-old. Concentrates and roughage were fed according to the feeding stage phases; finisher I (12.16-monold), II (17.21-mon-old), and III (22.30-mon-old). A significant increase in growth was observed during the finisher I stage for the steer fed WBS, whereas a significant increase in growth occurred during the finisher II stage in the control group. The yield grade of the WBS group increased significantly with a 15.6% increase in the longissimus dorsi area and a 25.7% reduction in back fat thickness. Marbling scores improved 52.4% in the WBS group compared with the control group. A significant difference in treatments was observed for the proximate chemical composition of the crude fat content. The results regarding palatability traits in the WBS group showed a significant improvement in appearance. The results indicate that the WBS group had improved longissimus muscle and marbling scores on carcass grading compared to the control.