References
- AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington D.C., U.S.A
- Ashes, J. R., Siebert, B. D., Gulati, S. K., Cuthbertson, A. Z. and Scott, T. W. 1992. Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants. Lipids. 27:629-631 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536122
- Bourre, J. M. 2005. Where to find omega-3 fatty acids and how feeding animals with diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids to increase nutritional value of derived products for human: what is actually useful? J. Nutr. Health Aging. 9:232-242
- Calder, P. C. 1997. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cytokine production in health and disease. Ann. Nutr. Met. 41:203-234 https://doi.org/10.1159/000177997
- Comerford, J. W., House, R. B., Harpster, H. W., Henning, W. R. and Cooper, J. B. 1992. Effects of forage and protein source on feedlot performance and carcass traits of Holstein and crossbred beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1022-1031 https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.7041022x
- Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, G., Scollan, N., Schabbel, W., Steinhart H., Ender K. and Nuernberg, K. 2004. Effect of diet on the deposition of n-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic and C18:1trans fatty acid isomers in muscle lipids of German Holstein bulls. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52:6607-6615 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049511l
- Department of health. 1994. Report on health and social subjects No. 46. Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease. London: HMSO
- Folch, J., Lees, M. and Stanley, G. H. S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497-509
- Gerster, H. 1995. The use of n-3 PUFAs (fish oil) in enteral nutrition. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 65:3-20
- Kris-Etherton, P. M., Taylor, D. S., Yu-Poth, S., Huth, P., Moriarty, K., Fishell, V., Hargrove, R. L., Zhao, G. and Etherton, T. D. 2000. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71(Suppl.):179S
- Lorenz, S., Buettner, A., Ender, K., Nuernberg, G., Papstein, H. J., Schieberle, P. and Nuernberg, K. 2002. Influence of keeping system on fatty acid composition in the longissimus muscle of bulls and odorants formed after pressuer-cooking Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214:112-118 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-001-0427-4
- Mandell, I. B., Buchanan-Smith, J. G., Holub, B. J. and Campbell, C. P. 1997. Effects of fish meal in beef cattle diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 75:910-919
- Mason, V. C., Bach, A. S. and Rudeom, M. 1980. Hydrolysate preparation for amino acids determinations in feed constituents. 3rd EAAP- Symposium on protein metabolism and nutrition. Braunchweig
- .Mills, E. W., Comerford, J. W., Hollender, R., Harpster, H. W., House, B. and Henning, W. R. 1992. Meat composition and palatability of Holstein and beef steers as influenced by forage type and protein source. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2446-2451
- Nicholson, J. W., Charmeley, G. E. and Bush, R. S. 1992. The effect of supplemental protein source on ammonia levels in rumen fluid and blood and intake of alfalfa silage by beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 72:853-862 https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-097
- Ponnampalam, E. N., Trout, G. R., Sinclair, A. J., Egan, A. R. and Leury, B. J. 2001. Comparison of the color stability and lipid oxidative stability of fresh and vacuum packaged lamb muscle containing elevated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels from dietary manipulation. Meat Sci. 58:151-161
- Rule, D. C., Busboom, J. R. and Kercher, C. J. 1994. Effect of dietary canola on fatty acid composition of bovine adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver, J. Anim. Sci. 72:2735-2744. https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.72102735x
- Rule, D. C., Wu, W. H., Busboom, J. R., Hinds, F. C. and Kercher, C. J. 1989. Dietary canola seeds alter the fatty acid composition of bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue, Nutr. Rep. Int. 39:781-786
- SAS. 1999. SAS/STAT Software for PC. Release 6.11, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, U.S.A
- Scollan, N. D., Choi, N., Kurt, E., Fisher, A. V., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. 2001. Manipulating the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 85:115-124 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2000223
- Scott, T. W. and Ashes, J. R. 1993. Dietary lipids for ruminants: protection, utilization and effects on remodeling of skeletal muscle phospholipids. Australian J. Agric. Res. 44:495-508 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9930495
- Sturdivant, C. A., Lunt, D. K., Smith, G. C. and Smith, S. B. 1992. Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues and M. longissimus dorsi of Wagyu cattle. Meat Sci. 32:449-458 https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(92)90086-J
- Sukhija, P. S. and Palmquist, D. L. 1988. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36:1202-1206 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a019
- Wistuba, T. J., Kegley, E. B. and Apple, J. K. 2006. Influence of fish oil in finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory evaluation of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84:902-909 https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.844902x
- Wistuba, T. J., Kegley, E. B., Apple, J. K. and Davis, M. E. 2005. Influence of fish oil supplementation on growth and immune system characteristics of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1097-1101
- Wood, J. D., Enser, M., Fisher, A. V., Nute, G. R., Richardson, R. I. and Sheard, P. R. 1999. Manipulating meat quality and composition. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58:363-370