• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

This study was carried out to produce the grafts of Juglans sinensis by juvenile grafting method which epicotyl of newly germinated seeds were used as stocks and juvenile fresh shoots were used as scion. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. When plastic tube installed covering up seed with soil up to 6cm height for diameter increment of epicotyl, the epicotyl can be grown up to thickness of 10mm. 2. When the soft fruit branches and the soft water sprout with the terminal bud 8cm to 12cm long were used as scions, the survival rates showed 90 Percent. 3. The optimum date for making juvenile grafts was around the 20th of May, and the survival rates of grafted seedlings showed 86 percent in average. 4. The grafted seedlings showed first sprouting the 15th of June, that is 25 days after making graft, and the sprouting rate was 72 percent. 5. The height-growth of grafted seedlings finished at the end of July, and diameter growth lasted into the end of October. 6. There was positive correlation between the height of grafted seedlings and the diameter at root collar. 7. In general, it takes two years to make plantable graft seedlings from hardwood scion and stock, but the juvenile graft seedlings can be easily obtained in a year and so it seems to be economic.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.256-260
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate effects of stock plant management and foliar spray of GA on the flower quality in hydroponically grown chrysanthemum 'Shinma'. In the growth and development as affected by stock plant management, cut flower length, petal number and cut flower weight were the best in the plot of long day and chilling treatment showed 114 cm, 298 and 102 g, respectively. Chlorophyll content(SPAD-value) was the highest in the plot of foliar spray of diluted Molbia(1 : 500). Flower quality according to concentration and spray time of gibberellin showed a different pattern. Cut flower length was the longest in the plot of solution diluted to 1 : 1,000 spraying before flowering at 60 days, petal number was the most in 1 : 500 at 60 days, and cut flower weight was the heaviest in 1 : 2,000 at 60 days, respectively. However, peduncle length was tended to be elongated with foliar spray of gibberellin solution diluted to 1 : 500 or 1 : 1,000 before flowering at 45 days.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.183-211
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• 2018

Hyesim(慧諶) was an important figure that established a firm position of Suseonsa(修禪社), which was Jinul's Gyeolsadojang(結社道場), under the sponsorship of Choi Yi(崔怡)'s military regime. This paper reviews the background of "Ganbyeongron(揀病論)", in which Hyesim's Zen ideology is condensed, and its core content Sibjongbyeong(10 kinds of disease). With this, we can newly recognize following 5 facts: First, Sibjongbyeong occupied the most important position in Hyesim. It can be confirmed by the fact that Sibjongbyeong commonly occurred in the procedure that Hyesim was trusted by Jinul, in the "Ganhwagyeoleuiron(看話決疑論)" a Jinul's posthumous work published by Hyesim, and in "Ganbyeongron". Second, the publication of "Ganbyeongron" was not only for the systematic development of Ganhwa Gyeongjeol(看話 徑截) which Jinul had suggested but also for the consolidation of Hyesim's position in Suseonsa. Third, Hyesim wanted to establish the Ganhwa Gyeongjeol which Jinul had proposed through "Ganbyeongron". Fourth, the result of "Ganbyeongron" was to generalize the enlightenment suggested by Jonggo and Jinul in the practical aspect. Fifth, the generalization of enlightenment was not independent from the demands of the time that Choi Yi's military regime had asked. With this research approach, we can establish a clearer understanding about the "Ganbyeongron", Sibjongbyeong, and the Zen Buddhist aspects of early Suseonsa Era.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.359-366
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• 2021

A number of construction companies in Korea invest considerable human and financial resources to construct a system for managing apartment defect data and for categorizing repair tasks. Thus, this study proposes machine learning models to automatically classify defect complaint text-data into one of the sub categories of 'finishing work' (i.e., one of the defect repair tasks). In the proposed models, we employed two word representation methods (Bag-of-words, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF)) and two machine learning classifiers (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest). In particular, we conducted both binary- and multi- classification tasks to classify 9 sub categories of finishing work: home appliance installation work, paperwork, painting work, plastering work, interior masonry work, plaster finishing work, indoor furniture installation work, kitchen facility installation work, and tiling work. The machine learning classifiers using the TF-IDF representation method and Random Forest classification achieved more than 90% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. We shed light on the possibility of constructing automated defect classification systems based on the proposed machine learning models.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2018

The intervertebral foramen is formed by two adjacent vertebrae and an intervertebral disc. Previous studies examining the foramen have been performed using various methods. The author obtained characteristics of the intervertebral foramen based on silicon mold. The author used 18 cadavers and dissected the lumbar intervertebral foramen. First, positional levels of the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen were measured. Second, after being removed all tissues covering the intervertebral, bony foramen was filled with melted silicon to mold the cross section. Subsequently, the solidified silicon mold was removed and stamped on a paper. The paper was scanned and analyzed area, perimeter, height and width of the intervertebral foramen on a computer. Area (average, $9.43mm^2$) and perimeter (average, 48.02 mm) did not show any statistical significant pattern for any lumbar vertebral levels. However, the height and width significantly differed at the fifth lumbar vertebra, which had the shortest height (the fifth, 13.00 mm; average, 15.78 mm) and longest width (the fifth, 8.61 mm; average, 7.87 mm), although there were similar patterns in case of area and perimeter of the first to fourth lumbar vertebra. Height had a decrease tendency while width had an increase tendency both from the second to fifth lumbar vertebra. Spinal nerves went through near the intervertebral disc level from the first to fourth lumbar vertebra, although they passed below the disc at the fifth level. This study provides a different view of methodology for the 3-dimensional aspect for the intervertebral foramen. Results of this study may indicate that height and width of the intervertebral foramen changed along all lumbar vertebral levels; nevertheless, area and perimeter of the intervertebral foramen remained constant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.332-344
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• 2019

Based on the life of the furniture is to reflect a region and the important basis of ideological and cultural characteristics of The Times culture form the traditional concept of directly determine the style and features of furniture. Due to the geographical location, China and the Korean peninsula have a long history of cultural exchanges. Through long-term exchanges, Chinese traditional culture has penetrated into the daily life of the ancestors of the Korean peninsula in various ways. As one of the traditional Chinese cultures, Taoism began to spread in The Three Kingdoms period on the Korean peninsula. With the integration and development of Taoism on the Korean peninsula, Taoism culture with unique characteristics of the peninsula was formed and became part of the traditional ideological and cultural life of the ancestors on the peninsula. In the historical development of furniture on the Korean peninsula, Taoist theories such as yin-yang theory and five-element theory and geomantic geography theory have exerted an important influence on the use, shape, material and pattern of traditional furniture on the Korean peninsula. The late period of the joseon dynasty was the heyday of the handicraft industry on the Korean peninsula. During this period, the categories of furniture increased, and a large number of furniture with distinctive Taoist characteristics, beautiful shape, excellent design and different uses appeared. Through the study on the modeling, materials, patterns, seals and designs of furniture in the late period of joseon dynasty, this study confirms that Taoist thoughts are one of the main factors affecting the development of Korean traditional furniture forms and patterns. Using patterns of various natural objects or plants and animals for furniture design, it is to pray for family members to avoid disasters and disasters. Thus it can be seen that praying for blessings from heaven is the main Taoist thought.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.223-284
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• 2005

Gwaebul, created during late Joseon dynasty, especially from 1885 to 1926, now exist 18 ones. And 12 of them are owned by Buddhist temples located in Seoul city and Gyeonggido province. Royal Tomb praised and Royal household praised Buddhist temples in early Joseon dynasty were supported by Royal Family. As a renovation of Buddhist temples by king Taejong's reign(1400-1418), they became impoverished with reduced Buddhist ceremony. But they maintained their lives in intimate connection with royal family, and went prosperous from late 18th century. At that times, a new trend in Gwaebul appeared, which have popular idea for wishing peace of the dead, the nation and the royal family. The new composition of painting expressed in Gwaebul starts in Amitabha-Triad paintings which carved in first volume of ${\ll}$Amita-yohaegyeong${\gg}$ made of wooden plate. And Gi-heoh(A.D. 1820-1872) carved it in 1853 at Naewonam Buddhist hermitage of Samgaksan mountain And a return of Suwolgwaneumdo which had been popularized in late Goryo dynasty is worth noticing as a new issue of late Joseon dynasty. It is related with a composition of Gwaebul that expressed 'a leading the dead to the good', a Buddhist consciousness of falsehood and fancy. The saturated and blurred style of painting, the fact that centralization-powered lineage of painter who used composition of multi-used basic pattern, are characteristics of this period.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to explore the selection attributes that the director of a taekwondo gym places importance on when purchasing a work of taekwon gymnastics for the competition. We conducted in-depth interviews with 6 participants using qualitative case study techniques, and analyzed data using Creswell's (2015) spiral analysis method. The data analysis results show music, trainees, characteristics of the work, criteria for evaluating the competition, producer competence, and price factors. As a result of the research, music should be produced around diverse and differentiated genres and music preferred by the trainees, and the appropriate theme should be selected considering the expressiveness and level of the trainees. The work should be considered creative works that harmonize the movement ratio of Taekwondo movements and dance, and the length of the work should be adjusted according to the purpose of the buyer, and the construction of the work should be based on the regulations of the competition. The manufacturer should ensure smooth communication with the buyer, including coaching ability and experience at the convention site. Prices will be affordable and affordable, and prices will need to be calculated based on special prices or mentoring periods for a small number of buyers.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.375-406
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• 2011

The paper investigates the ideal image and the ideological tendency of the traditional intellectuals in the East Asian Societies by analyzing the religious thoughts of Donghak, Tenrikyo and the Society of God Worshippers, which were the representative religious bodies in Korea, Japan and China. In particular, this paper focuses on the founders' thoughts of the religious organizations, such as Choi Jewoo(崔濟愚, 1824-1864) of Donghak, Nakayama Miki(中山みき, 1798-1887) of Tenrikyo and Hong xiuquan(洪秀全, 1814-1864) of the Society of God Worshippers. The results obtained from the study are as follows:Choi Jewoo's father was a teacher in a rural village, and so Choi Jewoo also wanted to be a teacher. Afterward when he had religious experiences, in the trance state, he became a teacher. Consequently, his religious thoughts were based on the ideal teacher's stance. Nakayama Miki respected her father, who was a low-ranking warrior or bushi(武士). And when she experienced strange experiences, she became a high-ranking warrior or shogun(將軍). On this account, many of her religious thoughts were based on the ideal bushi's position. Hong xiuquan's father was a low-ranking local official, therefore Hong xiuquan wanted to be a high-ranking official since childhood. Later, he took the civil service examinations only to failed. And so when he had religious experiences, he became an official appointed by God. And his religious thoughts, in many cases, depended on the ideal official's stance.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.50
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• pp.235-268
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• 2016

Gwon Geuk-jung wrote Juyeokchamdonggyejuhae(hereinafter Juhae) and established his Internal Alchemy(Nae-dan) Theory systematically in the former half of the 17th century. In its annotations, there are many quotes about Taoist books and figures, which leads to an estimation that the Chinese Taoist ideology must have exercised its influences on the formation of his Internal Alchemy Theory. It is thus needed to compare it with the Chinese Taoist ideology to have a clear picture of its characteristics and significance. The first step of the comparative research involved the estimation of Taoist books that Gown must have consulted and the examination of circumstances around Taoist books circulated in Joseon through the quotes in his Juhae, which were categorized into the ones that began with a book title, those that began with a name, and those that began in "In an old poem." They were compared with those of Dojang, and the results show that Gwon must have consulted various annotation books of Chamdonggye including Chamdonggyebalhui and various Taoist books including Gyujungjinam and Geumdandaeyo. The investigator then looked into Taoist books circulated in Joseon at the time when Gwon wrote Juhae and found a circumstance of circulation of annotation books of Chamdonggye by three families including Yu Yeom and collections of Taoist books including Doseojeonjip and Sujinshipseo. They were then compared with the Taoist books in the quotes of the author, and the results show that most of his quotes contained the Taoist books of Doseojeonjip. That is, the specific circumstances of books circulated in the former half of Joseon were clearly revealed in the quotes of Juhae. Of the Taoist books found in his quotes, Jin Chi-heo was most quoted, being followed by Jang Baek-dan, Seol Do-gwang, Jin Nam, Baek Ok-seom, and So Jeong-ji. It thus seems that Gwon was under the huge influence of Internal Alchemy Theory of Jin Chi-heo and Nam Jong.