A Study on Taoist Books Quoted in Juyeokchamdonggyejuhae and the Circumstances of Their Circulation

『주역참동계주해(周易參同契註解)』에 인용된 도교서와 그 유통 정황

Gwon Geuk-jung wrote Juyeokchamdonggyejuhae(hereinafter Juhae) and established his Internal Alchemy(Nae-dan) Theory systematically in the former half of the 17th century. In its annotations, there are many quotes about Taoist books and figures, which leads to an estimation that the Chinese Taoist ideology must have exercised its influences on the formation of his Internal Alchemy Theory. It is thus needed to compare it with the Chinese Taoist ideology to have a clear picture of its characteristics and significance. The first step of the comparative research involved the estimation of Taoist books that Gown must have consulted and the examination of circumstances around Taoist books circulated in Joseon through the quotes in his Juhae, which were categorized into the ones that began with a book title, those that began with a name, and those that began in "In an old poem." They were compared with those of Dojang, and the results show that Gwon must have consulted various annotation books of Chamdonggye including Chamdonggyebalhui and various Taoist books including Gyujungjinam and Geumdandaeyo. The investigator then looked into Taoist books circulated in Joseon at the time when Gwon wrote Juhae and found a circumstance of circulation of annotation books of Chamdonggye by three families including Yu Yeom and collections of Taoist books including Doseojeonjip and Sujinshipseo. They were then compared with the Taoist books in the quotes of the author, and the results show that most of his quotes contained the Taoist books of Doseojeonjip. That is, the specific circumstances of books circulated in the former half of Joseon were clearly revealed in the quotes of Juhae. Of the Taoist books found in his quotes, Jin Chi-heo was most quoted, being followed by Jang Baek-dan, Seol Do-gwang, Jin Nam, Baek Ok-seom, and So Jeong-ji. It thus seems that Gwon was under the huge influence of Internal Alchemy Theory of Jin Chi-heo and Nam Jong.

권극중은 조선시대에 "참동계"를 주석한 "주역참동계주해"를 통해 자신의 내단사상을 체계적으로 확립했다. 그런데 "주해" 내에 인용된 도교서들과 인물들을 볼 때, 그 내단사상의 체계에는 중국 도교사상의 영향이 미쳤을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 권극중 내단사상의 특징과 의의를 좀 더 명확히 파악하기 위해서는 중국의 도교사상과의 비교 연구가 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 비교 연구의 첫걸음으로 "주해"의 인용문을 통해 저술할 당시의 참고 도교문헌을 유추해 보고, 이를 통해 조선시대 유통된 도교서의 정황을 재확인하였다. "주해"에 드러난 인용문을 보자면, 도교서명으로 시작하는 경우, 도교 인물명으로 시작하는 경우, 그 외 '옛 시결왈' 등으로 시작하는 경우로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 이를 "도장"과의 비교를 통해 살펴본 결과 권극중이 저술할 당시 참고한 도교서의 목록을 유추할 수 있었다. 그 참고 도교서들의 판본은 당시 조선에 유통되던 "참동계"주석서와 도교총서류 내의 도교서인 것으로 판단되며, 목록들을 비교해 본 결과 권극중은 "도서전집" 내의 도교서를 많이 인용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 그 중에서인용문을 통해 드러난 도교서를 통해 볼 때, 권극중은 진치허와 남종의 내단사상에 많은 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다.